Bixiyaha qalabka dhismaha ee xalalka mashiinnada dhismaha muddo 30 sano ah.
Luqadda
Bixiyaha qalabka dhismaha ee xalalka mashiinnada dhismaha muddo 30 sano ah.
Inta badan dhibaatooyinka ugu dambeeya ee wadista qodista yar yar waxaa lagu ogaadaa calaamadaha - buuqa, daadinta, kulaylka, luminta wadista - iyada oo aan marka hore la ogaan labada qaybood ee farsamo ahaan kala duwan ee gudaha cutubka ku fashilmay. Wadida ugu dambeysa ee mashiin kasta oo ka bilaabma 0.8 t ilaa 6 t waxay isku daraysaa matoorka piston-ka haydarooliga iyo sanduuqa dhimista meeraha ee hal guri. Waxay wadaagaan usheeda iyo kiis, laakiin qaababka cilladahooda, noocyada dareeraha, iyo saameynta dayactirka ayaa gebi ahaanba kala duwan. Isku-xidhka iyaga ayaa ah sababta ugu weyn ee beddelka matoorka aan loo baahnayn iyo inta badan cilladaha dib-u-dhiska ee dhicisoobay.
Kahor inta aan la helin wax cudur kale ah, aqoonso dhinaca ugu dambeeya ee uu calaamadda soo saaray. Habka ugu kalsoonida badan ee goobta uma baahna qalab: aqoonso dareeraha daadanaya ama fashilmay iyadoo la adeegsanayo viscosity.
Dhinaca Haydarooliga Mootada
Dareeraha si la dareemi karo waa khafiif — wuxuu la mid yahay saliidda mashiinka fudud ama dareeraha biriiga. Daadashada ayaa ka soo baxda isku xirka tuubada, shaabadda shaabadda matoorka, ama dekedda daadinta ee kiiska. Cilladaha halkan: cilladda shaabadda usha, xirashada saxanka dekedda, xirashada foosto/dharka, burburka bamka dallacaadda. Calaamadaha: luminta awoodda wareegga, socodka daadinta ee kiiska oo sarreeya, kulayl badan.
Dhinac sanduuqa geerka meeraha
Dareeraha waa mid fiiqan oo aan la taaban karin - saliid geer ah. Daadashada ayaa ka soo baxda wejiga kor u qaadista sprocket-ka (shaabaddii laba-cone ee fashilantay) ama saxanka daboolka sanduuqa. Cilladaha halkan: shaabaddii wejiga ee sabbaynaya oo fashilantay, geerradii meeraha ee duugoobay ama side-rogisyadii, cadaadiska sanduuqa gear-ka oo kordha ka dib shaabaddii matoorka ee isdhaafsanaysay. Calaamadaha: saliid ku taal waddooyinka, shiididda culayska saaran, darawalka xiran.
Kala soocidani waa muhiim ka hor inta aan wax la furin. Matoorka beddelka ah ee lagu rakibay sanduuqa sanduuqa wasakhaysan - ama dib u dhiska sanduuqa sanduuqa iyada oo aan wax laga qaban shaabadda usha matoorka ee sababtay cadaadiska - ayaa mar kale shaqeyn doona saacado gudahood marka shaqada dib loogu soo celiyo.
Marka shaabadda gudaha ee matoorrada ay hoos u dhacdo, dareeraha haydarooliga ee cadaadiska sare leh ayaa ka soo daata shaabadda oo gala godka meeraha. Sanduuqa shaabadda ma laha waddo lagu yareeyo cadaadiska. Marka dareeraha haydarooliga uu ururo, wuxuu beddelaa saliidda qalabka oo wuxuu cadaadiyaa godka. Calaamadda ugu horreysa ee la arki karo waa saxanka daboolka sanduuqa oo bilaabaya inuu ooyo ama uu soo baxo - saliid yar oo joogto ah oo ku jirta cadaadis yar oo ka imanaya dabool aan waxba ka jirin.
Haddii aan arrintan wax laga qaban, saxanka daboolku wuu kala go'aa iyadoo cadaadis shaqaynayo. Qalabka gear-ka, meelaha lagu qaado meeraha, iyo qalabka giraanta ayaa markaa la kulmi doona cadaadis toos ah oo haydarooliga ah, wasakhaynta xoqidda, iyo luminta saliidaynta isku mar. Natiijadu waxay caadi ahaan noqotaa burbur dhammaystiran oo ku yimaada qaybta meeraha hal shaqo gudahood.
Tilmaamaha goobta: Haddii daboolka sanduuqa gear-ku uu saliid gear ka daadanayo laakiin matoorku laftiisu uusan muujin wax daadasho dibadeed ah oo ku taal tuubooyinka ama daadinta kiiska, shaabadda usha matoorka ayaa ah isha cilladda - ee maaha gaaska daboolka. Beddel shaabadda usha matoorka oo raaci saliidda sanduuqa gear-ka ka hor inta aan dib loo rakibin. Ku rakibidda gaaska daboolka cusub keligeed ma xallin doonto tan.
Cilad safar oo aan sinnayn - hal waddo oo daciif ah ama aan dhaqaaqin halka kan kalena si caadi ah u shaqeeyo - waa soo bandhigidda ugu badan ee cilladda matoorka safarka qodayaasha yar yar. Sidoo kale waa cilladaha ugu badan ee si khaldan loo ogaado. Laba cilladood oo kor u socda ayaa keena calaamado isku mid ah halka ay ka tagayaan darawalka ugu dambeeya oo aan gebi ahaanba waxyeelloobin.
Kala-goyska wareeggu wuxuu maraa sahayda haydarooliga wuxuuna ku soo celiyaa labada matoor ee safarka iyada oo loo marayo jir wareeg badan leh. Faraantiyada shaabadda gudaha ayaa kala saara kanaallada socodka. Marka hal giraan uu xidhmo ama uu god ku dhufto godka jirka, socodka hal matoor wuxuu u gudbaa dekedda ku xigta ama khadka soo celinta ka hor inta uusan gaarin wadista ugu dambeysa. Matoorka ay saameysay wuxuu helaa cadaadis iyo socod yar; hawlwadeenku wuxuu u arkaa inuu yahay cillad matoor. Ku rakib cabbirka cadaadiska dekedda laga galo matoorka. Haddii cadaadiska sahayda ee matoorku uu yahay 30-40 bar ka hooseeya cadaadiska wareegga ugu weyn inta lagu jiro tijaabada joogsiga safarka, kala-goyska wareeggu waa cilladda, ee maaha matoorka.
Matoorada safarka ee mashiinnada ka sarreeya 1.5 t waxay isticmaalaan biriiga baarkinka ee lagu shubo biyaha guga oo lagu daray daboolka dhammaadka matoorka. Haddii dekedda sii deynta bareegga ay xaddidan tahay - iyadoo la adeegsanayo khad tijaabo ah oo xiran, giraan O-ring oo cilladaysan oo ku jira waalka sii deynta, ama calaamad tijaabo oo daciif ah - bareegga si buuxda uma furna. Matoorku wuxuu isku dayaa inuu ka hor tago is-dhexgalka biriiga qayb ahaan. Natiijada: waddo gaabis ah, oo dhalisa kulayl guriga matoorka oo aan u dhigmin culayska shaqada, taasoo ku xidhmi karta xawaare hoose iyadoo si xor ah ugu socota xawaare sare maadaama cadaadiska haydarooliga uu ka adkaado xoogga biriiga qayb ahaan.
Nadiifinta guriga darawalka ugu dambeeya iyo socodsiinta mashiinka muddo 10 daqiiqo ah oo culays saaran yahay - ka dibna ku hubinta toosh ka hor inta uusan saliiddu dib u qaybin - waxay aqoonsataa meesha ay ka soo jeedaan daadashada ugu badan iyada oo aan laga saarin. Saddex meelood ayaa ka mid ah kiisaska ugu badan ee fasalka 0.8 t–6 t:
Daadinta wejiga ee Sprocket-ka waa saliid geer ah oo ka timaadda shaabad laba-cone ah oo fashilantay (wajiga sabeynaya). Shaabaddu waxay ka kooban tahay laba giraan oo bir ah oo la isku dhejiyay oo ay isku cadaadiyeen walxaha caagga ah ee toroidal. Cilladda shaabaddu waxay caadi ahaan ka dhalataa wasakhda soo gasha inta u dhaxaysa wejiyada laalaabka, iyadoo adkaysiga walxaha caagga ah ee ku jira mashiinnada lagu kaydiyo iyada oo aan si joogto ah loo shaqayn, ama waddo khaldan oo soo saarta culays dhidib ah oo ku yaal wejiyada shaabadda. Beddelku wuxuu u baahan yahay qalab jiidaya shaabadda iyo dusha sare oo nadiif ah oo siman - rakibidda iyada oo aan la xaqiijin fidsanaanta wejiga godka ee guriga ayaa qiyaastii ah 30% dib-u-dhacyada dhicis ah.
Daadinta saxanka daboolka ee cadaadiska fudud waxay muujinaysaa in godadka O-ring-ka ee fashilmay (oo caadi ahaan ku yaal daboolka boolal-ku-saleysan ka dib wareegga kulaylka) ama kororka cadaadiska sanduuqa gear-ka ee ka yimaada cilladda shaabadda usha matoorka ee kor lagu sharraxay. Labada sababood ee asaasiga ah waxay u baahan yihiin faragelin gebi ahaanba kala duwan.
Dekedda daadinta ama daadinta tuubada waa dareere haydarooliga ah, ee maaha saliidda geerka. Tani had iyo jeer waa cillad ku habboon ama qabsashada tuubada halkii ay ka ahaan lahayd cillad gudaha matoorka ah - laakiin haddii cadaadiska daadinta kiiska uu sare u kaco, waxay muujin kartaa shaandho daadinta kiiska oo xiran oo ku taal khadka soo celinta, taasoo ugu dambeyntii dib u riixi doonta shaabadda usha matoorka si ay u xumaato.
