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Kampani yogulitsa zida zomangira yomwe yakhala ikupereka mayankho a makina omangira kwa zaka 30.
Chilankhulo
Kampani yogulitsa zida zomangira yomwe yakhala ikupereka mayankho a makina omangira kwa zaka 30.
Mavuto ambiri a mini excavator final drive amapezeka ndi zizindikiro - phokoso, kutuluka kwa madzi, kutentha, kutayika kwa drive - popanda kudziwa kaye kuti ndi gawo liti mwa magawo awiri osiyana mkati mwa unit lomwe lalephera. Kuyendetsa komaliza pa makina aliwonse kuyambira 0.8 t mpaka 6 t kumaphatikiza mota ya hydraulic piston ndi planetary reduction gearbox mu nyumba imodzi. Amagawana shaft ndi bokosi, koma njira zawo zolephera, mitundu yamadzimadzi, ndi zotsatira zake zokonzanso ndizosiyana kwathunthu. Kuziphatikiza ndiye chifukwa chachikulu cha kusintha kosafunikira kwa magalimoto komanso kulephera kukonzanso msanga.
Musanayambe matenda ena aliwonse, dziwani mbali yomwe yayambitsa chizindikirocho. Njira yodalirika kwambiri siyifuna zida: dziwani madzi omwe akutuluka kapena omwe alephera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yake.
Mbali ya Njinga ya Hydraulic
Madzimadzi ndi ochepa kwambiri — ofanana ndi mafuta a makina kapena mabuleki. Kutuluka kwa madzi kumawonekera polumikizira mapaipi, pa chisindikizo cha shaft ya mota, kapena m'mphepete mwa drain ya case. Zolakwika apa: kulephera kwa chisindikizo cha shaft, kuwonongeka kwa plate ya port, kuwonongeka kwa barrel/slipper, kuwonongeka kwa charge pump. Zizindikiro: kutayika kwa mphamvu yozungulira, kutuluka kwa drain ya case yayikulu, kutentha kwambiri.
Mbali ya Gearbox ya Planetary
Mafuta amadzimadzi ndi okhuthala komanso omata — mafuta a giya. Kutayikira kumawonekera pankhope yoyikira sprocket (kulephera kwa duo-cone seal) kapena pa cover plate ya giya. Zolakwika apa: floating face seal yalephera, plane planet gears kapena carrier bearings zawonongeka, gearbox pressure build up from motor shaft seal cross-leak. Zizindikiro: mafuta panjira, kugaya pansi pa katundu, locked drive.
Kusiyana kumeneku n'kofunika musanatsegule chilichonse. Mota yosinthira yomwe yaikidwa mu bokosi la gear loipitsidwa - kapena bokosi la gear lopangidwanso popanda kuthana ndi chisindikizo cha shaft ya galimoto chomwe chinayambitsa kupanikizika - idzalepheranso patangopita maola ochepa kuchokera pamene galimotoyo yayambiranso kugwira ntchito.
Pamene chisindikizo chamkati cha injini chiwonongeka, madzi othamanga kwambiri amatuluka magazi kudutsa chisindikizocho ndikulowa m'nyumba ya gearbox ya pulaneti. Gearbox ilibe njira yochepetsera kupanikizika. Madzi othamanga akamasonkhana, amachotsa mafuta a gear ndikukakamiza m'bowo. Chizindikiro choyamba chomwe chikuwoneka ndi mbale yophimba gearbox ikuyamba kulira kapena kutupa - mafuta othamanga pang'ono, okhazikika pansi pa kupsinjika pang'ono kuchokera ku chivundikiro chomwe sichinasinthe.
Ngati izi sizikukonzedwa, chivundikirocho chimapatukana ndi mphamvu yogwira ntchito. Zida zomwe zili mu giya, ma bearing a planetary carrier, ndi zida zozungulira zimakumana ndi mphamvu ya hydraulic, kuipitsidwa ndi abrasive, komanso kutaya mafuta nthawi imodzi. Zotsatira zake nthawi zambiri zimakhala kuwonongeka kwathunthu kwa gawo la mapulaneti mkati mwa nthawi imodzi yogwira ntchito.
Chizindikiro cha malo: Ngati chivundikiro cha gearbox chikutuluka mafuta a gear koma mota yokha sikuwonetsa kutuluka kwakunja pa ma payipi kapena drain, chisindikizo cha shaft ya mota ndiye gwero la vuto - osati gasket yophimba. Sinthani chisindikizo cha shaft ya mota ndikutsuka mafuta a gearbox musanayikonzenso. Kuyika gasket yatsopano yophimba yokha sikungathetse vutoli.
Kulephera kuyenda kosagwirizana — njira imodzi ikuyenda mofooka kapena yosayenda bwino pomwe ina ikugwira ntchito bwino — ndi komwe kumaonekera kwambiri ngati galimoto yaying'ono yoyendera yalephera. Komanso ndi komwe kumazindikirika molakwika. Ma hitilafu awiri akumtunda amabweretsa zizindikiro zofanana pomwe galimoto yomaliza siinawonongeke konse.
Cholumikizira chozungulira chimadutsa mphamvu ya hydraulic ndikubwerera ku ma motor onse awiri oyendera kudzera m'thupi lozungulira la ma port ambiri. Mphete zotsekera zamkati zimalekanitsa njira zoyendera. Mphete imodzi ikagunda kapena kuyika mpata m'bowo la thupi, kuyenda kwa injini imodzi kumatuluka kupita ku doko lapafupi kapena kulowa mu mzere wobwerera isanafike pa drive yomaliza. Mota yomwe yakhudzidwayo imalandira mphamvu ndi kuyenda kochepa; woyendetsa amawona ngati kulephera kwa injini. Ikani choyezera kuthamanga pa doko lolowera injini. Ngati kuthamanga kwa magetsi pa injini kuli pansi pa 30-40 bar pansi pa kuthamanga kwa dera lalikulu panthawi yoyesa travel stall, cholumikizira chozungulira ndicho cholakwika, osati mota.
Ma injini oyenda pamakina opitilira 1.5 t amagwiritsa ntchito brake yoyimitsa magalimoto yopangidwa ndi hydraulic-release yomwe imayikidwa mu chivundikiro cha injini. Ngati doko lotulutsira mabuleki lachepetsedwa — ndi chingwe choyimitsa, mphete ya O-ring yolephera mu valavu yotulutsira, kapena chizindikiro chofooka cha pilot — brake silimachoka kwathunthu. Motolo umayesa kuzungulira motsutsana ndi gawo la mabuleki. Zotsatira zake: njira yocheperako, yomwe imapanga kutentha pa nyumba ya injini molingana ndi katundu wogwirira ntchito, ndipo yomwe ingamange pa liwiro lotsika ikamayenda momasuka pa liwiro lalikulu pamene kuthamanga kwa hydraulic kugonjetsa mphamvu ya gawo la mabuleki.
Kupukuta nyumba yomaliza yoyendetsera galimoto ndikuyendetsa makinawo kwa mphindi 10 pansi pa katundu — kenako kuyang'ana ndi tochi mafuta asanagawidwenso — kumazindikira komwe kunayambira kutuluka kwa madzi ambiri popanda kuchotsa. Malo atatu ndi omwe amachititsa milandu yambiri mu kalasi ya 0.8 t–6 t:
Kutuluka kwa chivundikiro cha nkhope ya sprocket ndi mafuta ochokera ku chivundikiro cha duo-cone (choyandama) chomwe chalephera. Chivundikirocho chimakhala ndi mphete ziwiri zachitsulo zolumikizidwa pamodzi ndi zinthu za rabara za toroidal. Kulephera kwa chivundikiro nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa komwe kumalowa pakati pa nkhope zolumikizana, chifukwa cha kuuma kwa chinthu cha rabara m'makina osungidwa popanda kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse, kapena chifukwa cha njira yolakwika yomwe imapanga katundu wa axial pankhope zolumikizira. Kusintha kumafuna zida zokokera chivundikiro ndi malo oyera, athyathyathya ogwirizana - kuyika popanda kutsimikizira kuti nkhope ya nyumbayo ndi yosalala kumabweretsa pafupifupi 30% ya zolakwika zomwe zimachitika msanga.
Kutuluka kwa chivundikiro cha plate pansi pa kupanikizika pang'ono kumasonyeza kuti gasket ya O-ring yalephera (yomwe imapezeka pa zivundikiro za bolt-on pambuyo pa kutentha) kapena kukwera kwa mphamvu ya gearbox kuchokera ku vuto la chisindikizo cha mota lomwe lafotokozedwa pamwambapa. Zomwe zimayambitsa ziwirizi zimafuna njira zosiyana kwambiri.
Kutuluka kwa payipi yotulutsira madzi m'chikwama kapena paipi ndi madzi a hydraulic, osati mafuta a giya. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala kulephera kwa payipi yolumikizira kapena payipi m'malo mwa vuto la mkati mwa injini — koma ngati kuthamanga kwa payipi yotulutsira madzi m'chikwama kwakwera, kungasonyeze kuti fyuluta yotulutsira madzi yatsekedwa pamzere wobwerera, zomwe pamapeto pake zidzakakamiza chisindikizo cha shaft ya injini kuti chilephereke.
