Ukwandiswa kolwazi lomkhiqizo
Umhlinzeki wemishini yokwakha wezixazululo zemishini yokwakha iminyaka engama-30.
Ulimi
Umhlinzeki wemishini yokwakha wezixazululo zemishini yokwakha iminyaka engama-30.
Izinkinga eziningi zomshini wokugcina wokukhipha i-mini excavator zitholakala ngezimpawu - umsindo, ukuvuza, ukushisa, ukulahlekelwa yi-drive - ngaphandle kokuthola kuqala ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye ezimbili ezihlukile ngomshini ngaphakathi kweyunithi ezihlulekile. Umshini wokugcina kunoma yimuphi umshini kusukela ku-0.8 t kuya ku-6 t uhlanganisa injini ye-hydraulic piston ne-planetary reduction gearbox endaweni eyodwa. Babelana ngomshafti nekesi, kodwa izindlela zabo zokwehluleka, izinhlobo zoketshezi, kanye nemiphumela yokulungisa kuhlukile ngokuphelele. Ukuzihlanganisa kuyimbangela eyinhloko yokushintshana kwezimoto okungadingekile kanye nokwehluleka kokwakhiwa kabusha ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ngaphambi kwanoma yikuphi okunye ukuxilongwa, thola ukuthi yiluphi uhlangothi lokunyakaza kokugcina oluveze uphawu. Indlela yensimu ethembeke kakhulu ayidingi mathuluzi: thola uketshezi oluvuzayo noma olungasebenzi nge-viscosity.
Uhlangothi Lwezimoto Ze-Hydraulic
Uketshezi luncane kakhulu — lufana nowoyela womshini olula noma uketshezi lwamabhuleki. Ukuvuza kuvela ekuxhumekeni kwepayipi, esivikelweni somshini wemoto, noma eduze kwembobo yokukhipha amanzi. Amaphutha lapha: ukwehluleka kophawu lokukhipha amanzi, ukuguguleka kwepuleti lembobo, ukuguguleka kwebhareli/isiliphu, ukuguguleka kwephampu yokushaja. Izimpawu: ukulahlekelwa amandla okujikeleza, ukugeleza kwamanzi amaningi, ukushisa ngokweqile.
Uhlangothi lwe-Planetary Gearbox
Uketshezi luqinile futhi luqinile — uwoyela wegiya. Ukuvuza kuvela ebusweni bokufaka i-sprocket (ukwehluleka kwe-duo-cone seal) noma epuletini lesembozo segiya. Amaphutha lapha: uphawu lobuso oluntantayo oluhlulekile, amagiya eplanethi agugile noma ama-carrier bearings, ukwakheka kwengcindezi yegiya kusuka ekuvuza kwe-cross-leak ye-motor shaft seal. Izimpawu: uwoyela ezindleleni, ukugaya ngaphansi komthwalo, idrayivu ekhiyiwe.
Lo mehluko ubalulekile ngaphambi kokuvula noma yini. Injini entsha efakwe kubhokisi legiya elingcolile — noma ibhokisi legiya elakhiwe kabusha ngaphandle kokulungisa uphawu lomgodi wenjini olubangele ukungena kwengcindezi — izophinde ingasebenzi kahle phakathi namahora okusebenza abuyele ekusebenzeni.
Lapho uphawu lwangaphakathi lwe-shaft lwezinjini luwohloka, uketshezi olunamandla oluphezulu lwe-hydraulic luphuma ludlule uphawu bese lungena endlini yebhokisi lamagiya eplanethi. Ibhokisi lamagiya alinawo umzila wokukhulula ukucindezeleka. Njengoba uketshezi olunamandla luqoqana, lususa uwoyela wegiya futhi lucindezele umgodi. Uphawu lokuqala olubonakalayo ipuleti lesembozo segiya eliqala ukukhala noma ukukhukhumala - ukuvuza okuncane, okuzinzile kwamafutha egiya ngaphansi kwengcindezi encane evela esembozweni esingenasici.
Uma lokhu kungaxazululwa, ipuleti lesembozo liyahlukana ngaphansi kwengcindezi yokusebenza. Isethi yegiya, ama-bearings e-planet carrier, kanye negiya lendandatho zibe sezivezwa ekucindezelweni okuqondile kwe-hydraulic, ukungcola okunamandla, kanye nokulahlekelwa ukugcotshwa ngasikhathi sinye. Umphumela ngokuvamile uba ukubhujiswa okuphelele kwengxenye yeplanethi ngaphakathi kweshifti eyodwa yokusebenza.
Isibonakaliso sensimu: Uma isembozo segiya sivuza uwoyela wegiya kodwa injini ngokwayo ingakhombisi ukuvuza kwangaphandle kokufakwa kwepayipi noma i-case drain, isembozo se-motor shaft siwumthombo wephutha - hhayi i-cover gasket. Buyisela isembozo se-motor shaft bese ugeza uwoyela wegiya ngaphambi kokuhlanganisa kabusha. Ukufaka i-cover gasket entsha kukodwa ngeke kuxazulule lokhu.
Ukwehluleka kokuhamba okungalingani — enye ithrekhi isebenza buthaka noma ayihambi kanti enye isebenza ngendlela evamile — kuyindlela evame kakhulu yokwehluleka kwenjini yokuhamba ye-mini excavator. Futhi yikona okuvame kakhulu ukuhlonza okungalungile. Amaphutha amabili angenhla akhiqiza izimpawu ezifanayo ngenkathi eshiya idrayivu yokugcina ingalimalanga nhlobo.
Ijoyinti elijikelezayo lidlula ukunikezwa kwamanzi kagesi bese libuyela kuzo zombili izinjini zokuhamba ngomzimba ojikelezayo onezimbobo eziningi. Izindandatho zokuvala zangaphakathi zihlukanisa iziteshi zokugeleza. Uma indandatho eyodwa iguga noma ifaka umsele emgodini womzimba, ukugeleza kwenjini eyodwa kuphuma kudlulele echwebeni eliseduze noma emgqeni wokubuya ngaphambi kokuba kufinyelele ekushayeleni kokugcina. Injini ethintekile ithola ingcindezi nokugeleza okuncishisiwe; umqhubi ubona lokhu njengokwehluleka kwenjini. Faka igeyiji yokucindezela echwebeni lokungena kwenjini. Uma ingcindezi yokunikezwa kwenjini ingu-30-40 bar ngaphansi kwengcindezi yesekethe enkulu ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-travel stall, ijoyinti elijikelezayo yilona iphutha, hhayi imoto.
Ama-motor okuhamba emishinini engaphezu kuka-1.5 t asebenzisa ibhuleki lokupaka elikhishwa ngamanzi elifakwe entwasahlobo elihlanganiswe ne-valve yokugcina yemoto. Uma imbobo yokukhulula amabhuleki ivinjelwe — umugqa womshayeli ovinjiwe, i-O-ring ehlulekile ku-valve yokukhulula, noma isignali yomshayeli ebuthakathaka — ibhuleki aliphumi ngokuphelele. Imoto izama ukujikeleza ngokumelene nokubandakanyeka kwamabhuleki okungaphelele. Umphumela: ithrekhi ephuzayo, ekhiqiza ukushisa endlini yemoto okungalingani nomthwalo womsebenzi, futhi engase ibophe ngesivinini esiphansi ngenkathi isebenza ngokukhululeka ngesivinini esiphezulu njengoba ingcindezi ye-hydraulic inqoba amandla okubhuleka okungaphelele.
Ukusula indawo yokugcina yokushayela bese usebenzisa umshini imizuzu eyi-10 ngaphansi komthwalo — bese uhlola ngethoshi ngaphambi kokuba uwoyela uphinde usatshalaliswe — kukhomba indawo yokuqala yokuvuza okuningi ngaphandle kokususwa. Izindawo ezintathu zibangela iningi lamacala esigabeni se-0.8 t–6 t:
Ukuvuza kobuso be-sprocket kuyi-oyela yegiya evela ku-duo-cone ehlulekile (ubuso obuntantayo). I-seal inezindandatho ezimbili zensimbi ezinamathele ezicindezelwe yizinto zerabha ze-toroidal. Ukwehluleka kwe-seal kuvame ukubangelwa ukungcola okungena phakathi kobuso obunamathelayo, ngokuqina kwento yerabha emishinini egcinwe ngaphandle kokusebenza njalo, noma ngomzila ongalingani kahle odala umthwalo we-axial ebusweni be-seal. Ukufakwa esikhundleni kudinga amathuluzi okudonsa i-seal kanye nendawo ehlanzekile, eyisicaba yokuhlangana - ukufakwa ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa ukuthi ubuso be-bore yendlu buyisicaba kubangela cishe u-30% wokwehluleka kabusha kwangaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ukuvuza kwepuleti lesembozo ngaphansi kwengcindezi encane kubonisa i-gasket ye-O-ring ehlulekile (evame kakhulu ezimbozweni ze-bolt-on ngemva kokujikeleza kokushisa) noma ukwakheka kwengcindezi yegiya kusukela ephutheni le-seal ye-motor shaft elichazwe ngenhla. Izimbangela ezimbili eziyinhloko zidinga ukungenelela okuhluke ngokuphelele.
Ukuvuza kwepayipi lokukhipha amanzi noma ipayipi kuwuketshezi oluyi-hydraulic, hhayi uwoyela wegiya. Lokhu cishe njalo kuba ukwehluleka kokufaka noma i-hose clamp kunokuba kube iphutha langaphakathi lemoto — kodwa uma ingcindezi yokukhipha amanzi iphakeme, kungase kubonise isihlungi sokukhipha amanzi esivinjiwe emgqeni wokubuyisela, okuzogcina kucindezele i-seal ye-motor shaft ukuthi yehluleke.
