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Kampani yogulitsa zida zomangira yomwe yakhala ikupereka mayankho a makina omangira kwa zaka 30.
Chilankhulo
Kampani yogulitsa zida zomangira yomwe yakhala ikupereka mayankho a makina omangira kwa zaka 30.
Mainjiniya ndi oyang'anira malo akamakambirana za mphamvu ya chosakanizira konkire , nthawi zambiri makambirano amayamba pamalo olakwika. Ogula ambiri amaona kaye kuchuluka kwa ng'oma yofalitsidwa, kenako n’kulunjika ku mtundu wa injini kapena mtengo wogulitsa. Pamalopo, mndandanda umenewo umayambitsa mavuto. Mphamvu si nambala yosindikizidwa pa ng'oma; ndi kuchuluka kwa konkire komwe chosakanizira chingathe kutembenuza, kutulutsa ndikubwereza pa liwiro lokhazikika popanda kusiyanitsa, kutayikira kwambiri, kupitirira muyeso kwa injini kapena nthawi yogwira ntchito.
Poyambira podalirika kwambiri ndi ntchito yokha: kuchuluka kwa konkriti komwe kuyenera kuyikidwa pa ola limodzi, kulimba kwa chosakaniza, kutalika komwe chosakaniza chiyenera kusunthidwa, ngati mphamvu yayikulu ilipo, komanso ngati makinawo akhoza kukhalabe olimba pansi pomwe akupezeka pamalopo. Mu malangizo omwe alipo, mfundo imodzi yobwerezabwereza ndi yakuti kuchuluka kwa ng'oma komwe kwatchulidwa ndi mphamvu ya batch yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito sizomwezo; malangizo ofalitsidwa nthawi zambiri amaika mphamvu yogwira ntchito ya batch kwinakwake pansi kwambiri pa voliyumu ya ng'oma, nthawi zambiri pafupifupi theka mpaka pafupifupi magawo anayi mwa asanu kutengera mtundu wa chosakaniza ndi mawonekedwe a chosakaniza.
Opanga amafalitsa kuchuluka kwa ng'oma chifukwa n'zosavuta kunena. Ogwira ntchito pamalopo amasamala za kutulutsa komwe kungagwiritsidwe ntchito chifukwa ndicho chomwe chimakhudza kupitiliza kwa ntchito.
Ng'oma yosakanizira imafunika malo omasuka mkati kuti zinthuzo zigwedezeke, zipinde ndikulowanso m'malo osakanizira. Ngati ng'oma yadzazidwa kwambiri, zinthu zitatu zimachitika mwachangu:
aggregate siikuzunguliranso bwino;
Zinthuzo zimakwera m'chipolopolocho ndikugwa ngati zipolopolo m'malo mosakanikirana mofanana;
Kutuluka kwa madzi kumakhala pang'onopang'ono komanso kosokoneza, makamaka ndi zinthu zosakanikirana zomwe zimakhala zochepa.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake malangizo ambiri aukadaulo amasiyanitsa kuchuluka kwa ng'oma yonse ndi kuchuluka kwa batch kapena phindu . Magwero angapo apano amafotokoza kuchuluka kwa batch kothandiza kukhala kochepa kwambiri kuposa kukula kwa ng'oma yayikulu, ndi zitsanzo monga ng'oma ya 350 L yomwe imapereka pafupifupi 250 L ya zotulutsa zosakanikirana, kapena chosakanizira chonyamulika chomwe chimapanga pafupifupi theka mpaka 70-80% ya voliyumu yotchulidwa kutengera makina ndi kuuma kwa chosakanizacho.
Kuchokera ku lingaliro la uinjiniya wamunda, lamulo lotetezeka ndi ili:
Ngati gulu likufunika 1.2 m³ pa ola limodzi ndipo chosakaniziracho chingathe kutulutsa 0.18–0.22 m³ yokha pa gulu lililonse malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili komanso momwe malo alili, ndiye kuti chisankho sichikhalanso chokhudza kukula kwa ng'oma yokha. Limakhala vuto la nthawi yozungulira.
Cholakwika chofala kwambiri ndi kufananiza kukula kwa chosakanizira ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito yonse . Njira yabwino ndiyo kufananiza ndi kuchuluka kofunikira kwa malo ogwiritsira ntchito pa ola limodzi .
Ndondomeko yosankha yothandiza ndi iyi:
Mwachitsanzo, gulu lingafunike kuyika:
kagawo kakang'ono ka slab musanayambe kumaliza,
Kuyika konkire pansi pa simenti yolimba kumachepetsa mwayi wolowera,
njira yolowera kapena yoyendera pansi isanayambe kulimba gawo lapitalo.
Iyi si nambala ya katalogu. Imadalira:
njira yokwezera,
chiwerengero cha antchito,
njira yoyezera madzi,
mtunda woyenda kuchokera ku chosakanizira kupita ku kuthira,
dongosolo lotulutsa,
kusokoneza kuyeretsa.
Zimenezo zimapereka kuchuluka kwa voliyumu yomwe yatulutsidwa pa gulu lililonse.
Malo enieni sachita zinthu ngati nthawi yowerengera. Ngati kuwerengera kukunena kuti gulu likufunika 0.20 m³ pa gulu lililonse, makina omwe amangoyendetsa 0.20 m³ yokha m'malo oyera, osalala, komanso amphamvu amakhala ochepa kale.
Masamba apamwamba omwe alipo pano nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsa kuyambira pa voliyumu yonse yofunikira komanso kuchuluka kwa batch m'malo moyambira pa kukula kwa lebulo lokha. Njira yonseyi ndi yabwino, koma ambiri amasiya kaye kukambirana zomwe zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa batch pamalopo: kusakaniza kolimba, nthaka yosalinganika, kutsitsa kosakwanira, ndi mtunda wautali woyendera kuchokera ku chosakanizira kupita ku formwork.
Zipangizo zosakaniza ng'oma zonyamulika zimakhala ndi malo ovuta koma othandiza. Zimagwirizana ndi kuthira pang'ono mobwerezabwereza, kukonza, konkire yothandizira ma blockwork, maziko, ma patch slabs, m'mphepete ndi ntchito yopepuka yogulitsa komwe kusakaniza kokonzeka kumakhala kovuta kapena kuchuluka kofunikira kuli kochepa kwambiri kuti galimoto ikwere.
Cholepheretsa chawo si kungopereka phindu lonse. Ndi kungopereka phindu lobwerezedwa .
Pa chosakaniza chonyamulika, gulu lenileni limapangidwa ndi zinthu zinayi zogwirizana:
Kusakaniza konyowa komanso kogwira ntchito bwino kumatha kuzungulira ndikutulutsa mosavuta pamlingo wokwanira wodzaza. Kusakaniza kolimba kokhala ndi gulu lalikulu kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa voliyumu komwe kungasakanizidwe mofanana. Malangizo ena a akatswiri amati kusakaniza kolimba kumatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa voliyumu komwe kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri poyerekeza ndi kusakaniza kwamadzimadzi ambiri.
Miyala yopangidwa molakwika imakonda kulumikiza ndi kugawa mosavuta m'ng'oma zazing'ono. Mwala waukulu umachepetsanso kuyenda kwaufulu mu chosakanizira chaching'ono, makamaka ngati masamba ake ndi osaya kwambiri kapena atakalamba.
Zipangizo zonyamulidwa m'matumba ndi manja zimapangitsa kuti nthawi isamayende bwino komanso nthawi zambiri madzi amawonjezeredwa mosiyanasiyana. Zimenezi zimapangitsa kuti kukula kwa batch kusakhale kofunikira kwambiri kuposa kubwerezabwereza.
Makina omwe amayendetsa gulu limodzi lovomerezeka nthawi ndi nthawi amatha kuvutika akafunika kugwira ntchito kwa maola awiri kapena atatu mosalekeza. Kutentha kwa injini, kutsetsereka kwa lamba, kutentha kwa mabearing ndi kutopa kwa wogwiritsa ntchito zimayamba kukhudza ntchito.
Pachifukwa ichi, wogula poyerekeza makina osakaniza a kalasi ya 120 L, 160 L ndi 190 L sayenera kungofunsa kuti, "Kodi ndi angati omwe amalowa mu ng'oma?" Funso labwino ndi lakuti, "Kodi chipangizochi chingatulutse konkire wochuluka bwanji mphindi 10 mpaka 15 zilizonse kuti chigwire ntchito yonse popanda kusuntha motsatizana?"
Ayi. Chosakaniza chachikulu chimawonjezera mphamvu ya chiphunzitso, komanso chimasintha momwe ntchito ikuyendera.
Ng'oma yomwe ndi yayikulu kwambiri kwa ogwira ntchito ingapangitse:
nthawi yayitali yokweza pa gulu lililonse,
kuwongolera madzi moyipa,
Kugwira ntchito pang'onopang'ono ndi manja potulutsa madzi,
nthawi yochulukirapo pakati pa magulu,
mphamvu yokwera komanso kuthekera koyendetsa zinthu molakwika,
kusakhazikika kwambiri pamene kusunthidwa pamalo ovuta.
Kontrakitala wamng'ono amene amathira pansi pang'ono kapena pansi pang'onopang'ono akhoza kutaya nthawi ndi chosakanizira chomwe chimaposa momwe ntchito ikuyendera. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, chosakanizira chomwe chili chochepa koma chosavuta kuchiyika, kuchikweza ndi kuyikanso pansi chingapereke zotsatira zabwino kwambiri pa ola limodzi.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake malangizo ena akale amagwirizanitsa makina ang'onoang'ono a 60 L ndi ntchito zazing'ono nthawi zina ndipo makalasi a 120-190 L ndi kugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi malo apakati, makamaka komwe kuli magetsi wamba. Lingaliro lalikulu la kukula ndi lothandiza, koma lokha ndi losafunikira kwambiri pakupanga zisankho. Kayendedwe ka ogwira ntchito ndi njira yonyamulira ndi zofunikanso.
