Umhlinzeki wemishini yokwakha wezixazululo zemishini yokwakha iminyaka engama-30.
Ulimi
Umhlinzeki wemishini yokwakha wezixazululo zemishini yokwakha iminyaka engama-30.
Cabanga ngalokhu: umshini wakho omncane wokugaya ubelokhu emba imisele ngenjabulo ekuseni. Khona-ke ngokuzumayo ibhakede lihlangana nokumelana futhi liziphatha njengesipuni esilele ebhodweni elibandayo. Injini izwakala ijwayelekile, ama-joystick ayahamba, kodwa amandla okumba abonakala sengathi aye eholidini.
Uma wake wazibuza ukuthi kungani imishini yokumba emincane ilahlekelwa amandla okumba , impendulo ivame ukuba ndawana-thile ngaphakathi kohlelo lwe-hydraulic kunokuba ibe yibhakede noma isixhumanisi. Imishini yokumba emincane ithembele ekucindezelweni kwe-hydraulic ukuguqula amandla enjini abe amandla okumba angempela. Lapho ingcindezi yehla, amandla ayanyamalala.
Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza inkinga ngendlela elula yobunjiniyela: indlela amandla okumba akhiqizwa ngayo, yiziphi izingxenye ezivame ukwehluleka kuqala, kanye nendlela ochwepheshe abaxilonga ngayo inkinga ngaphandle kokushintsha ingxenye yomshini ngenxa yokukhungatheka.
Ngaphambi kokuxosha amaphutha, kuyasiza ukuqonda ukuthi amandla okumba avelaphi. Ngokumangalisayo, akunandaba kangako namazinyo ebhakede kodwa kuhlobene kakhulu nomfutho kawoyela.
Ngaphakathi kwe-excavator encane, amandla okumba alandela uchungechunge oluqondile:
injini → ipompo ye-hydraulic → uwoyela ocindezelwe → i-valve yokulawula → amasilinda → amandla ebhakede
Uma konke kusebenza kahle, uwoyela we-hydraulic ucindezela amasilinda e-boom, izingalo kanye namabhakede ngamandla amakhulu. Ngisho nomshini omncane wokugaya ungakhiqiza amathani amaningana amandla okuphuma.
Izinguquko ezintathu zobunjiniyela zinquma ukuthi lawo mandla aba namandla kangakanani:
ingcindezi ye-hydraulic
izinga lokugeleza kwamanzi
ukusebenza kahle kokuvala isilinda
Uma noma yikuphi kwalokhu okuthathu kwehla, amandla okumba ehla ngakho.
Iphampu ye-hydraulic isebenza njengenhliziyo yomshini. Ihambisa uwoyela ocindezelwe kuzo zonke izingxenye ezisebenzayo.
Ngemva kwamahora amaningi okusebenza, izingxenye zangaphakathi ziqala ukuguga. Ama-piston, ama-valve plate kanye nama-bearings kancane kancane alahlekelwa ukubekezelelana kwawo okuqinile. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, uwoyela uvuza ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kwepompo esikhundleni sokuya kuma-cylinder.
Umphumela uzwakala kanje:
i-boom iphakama kancane ngaphansi komthwalo
ibhakede lilwela ukungena enhlabathini eqinile
imisebenzi eminingi ngesikhathi esisodwa iba yimbi
Uchwepheshe uvame ukuqinisekisa ukuguguleka kwephampu ngokuxhuma igeyiji yokucindezela echwebeni lokuhlola le-hydraulic. Uma ingcindezi ingakwazi ukufinyelela ezingeni elibekiwe, iphampu ingaba yimbangela.
Kalula nje, ipompo isajikeleza, kodwa uwoyela usebenzisa izindlela ezinqamulelayo ngaphakathi esikhundleni sokwenza umsebenzi owusizo.
Zonke izinhlelo ze-hydraulic zine-valve yokukhulula ingcindezi. Umsebenzi wayo ukuvimbela ingcindezi enkulu engase yonakalise izingxenye.
Kodwa-ke, uma leyo valve ivuleka kusenesikhathi, iziphatha njengesivalo sokuphuma kwengcindezi.
Cabanga uzama ukufutha ithayi ngenkathi othile evula ivalvu buthule ngesikhathi esifanayo. Iphampu yomoya iyaqhubeka isebenza, kodwa ingcindezi ayikaze yakheke.
Uma lokhu kwenzeka kumshini wokumba, opharetha bavame ukuqaphela:
amandla okumba abuthakathaka kuyo yonke imisebenzi
umshini uvala ngaphambi kokufinyelela ekungeneni okuphelele kwebhakede
izinga lokushisa likawoyela we-hydraulic liyakhuphuka ngesikhathi somsebenzi
Ukuhlolwa kwesilinganiso sokucindezela kwembula inkinga ngokushesha. Uma ingcindezi yesistimu ihlala iphansi kunencazelo ngisho noma ingaphansi komthwalo osindayo, ivalvu yokusiza idinga ukunakwa.
Amasilinda e-hydraulic akhiqiza amandla okumba angempela. Ngaphakathi kwesilinda ngayinye kuhleli i-piston enezindandatho zokuvala ezihlukanisa uhlangothi olunomfutho ophezulu nohlangothi olunomfutho ophansi.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lezo zivalo ziyaguga. Uma lokho kwenzeka, uwoyela uyadlula episton esikhundleni sokuwusunduza phambili.
Kusukela esihlalweni somqhubi, lokhu kuvame ukuvela kanje:
i-boom ishona kancane kancane ngenkathi ibambe umthwalo
ibhakede ligoba emuva uma licindezela inhlabathi
amandla okumba ancishisiwe naphezu kwesivinini senjini esivamile
Ochwepheshe benza isivivinyo esilula: bamba i-control lever iqine bese ubheka ukuthi isilinda iyakhukhuleka yini. Uma ihamba lapho kufanele ihlale inganyakazi, kungenzeka ukuthi kukhona ukuvuza kwangaphakathi.
Cabanga ngakho njengendlela emfushane ye-hydraulic: uwoyela uthatha indlela elula esikhundleni sokwenza umsebenzi.
Yebo. Uwoyela we-hydraulic ungaphezu nje koketshezi; uyindlela ethwala amandla kulo lonke uhlelo.
Uma ukungcola kungena ohlelweni, izinto eziningana ziqala ukwenzeka:
amavalvu ayanamathela
izingxenye zephampu ziguga ngokushesha
ukuvuza kwangaphakathi kuyanda
Ukungcola kuvame ukufika ngezindlela ezintathu:
uthuli olungena ngezivalo ezonakele
izinhlayiya zensimbi ezidalwe ukuguguleka kwezingxenye
amanzi avela ekujiyileni
Uma ukungcola kusakazeka ohlelweni, ukusebenza kwehla kancane kancane. Umshini wokumba ungase usasebenza, kodwa amandla okumba ayaphela kancane kancane.
Ukuhlaziywa kwamafutha okuvamile kusiza ochwepheshe ukuthola lezi zinkinga isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba umshini ube buthakathaka ngokuphawulekayo.
Izinhlelo ze-hydraulic zisebenza kahle kakhulu uma zigcwele uwoyela ngokuphelele. Amabhamuza omoya aziphatha ngendlela ehlukile kakhulu kuketshezi lwe-hydraulic.
Uwoyela udlulisela amandla ngqo. Umoya uyacindezela.
Uma umoya ungena ohlelweni ngamapayipi okumunca akhululekile noma amazinga aphansi kawoyela, umshini ungabonisa izimpawu ezifana nalezi:
ukunyakaza kwebhakede elijiyile
impendulo yokumba engaguquki
ukulahlekelwa amandla okwesikhashana ngesikhathi sokumba okunzima
Ukususa umoya ovalelekile nokulungisa ukuvuza komoya okhipha umoya ngokuvamile kubuyisela ukuziphatha okuvamile.
Nakuba uhlelo lwe-hydraulic lukhiqiza amandla okumba, injini inikeza amandla ngemuva kwalo.
Uma ukusebenza kwenjini kwehla, umphumela we-hydraulic ungalandela.
Izimbangela ezivamile ezihlobene nenjini zifaka:
izihlungi zikaphethiloli ezivinjiwe
ukungena komoya okulinganiselwe
ukugqokwa kwe-injector
ukucindezela okuncishisiwe
Imishini yokumba encane yesimanje ivame ukusebenzisa izinjini zedizili ezivela kubakhiqizi abafana noYanmar noma uKubota. Lapho i-torque yenjini yehla ngaphansi komthwalo, iphampu ye-hydraulic iyehla futhi ingcindezi yehla.
Ngaphambi kokudiliza izingxenye ze-hydraulic, ochwepheshe bavame ukuqinisekisa ukuthi injini isakwazi ukugcina i-RPM ekalwe ngaphansi komthwalo osebenzayo.
Ochwepheshe abanolwazi abavamile ukuqagela. Kunalokho, balandela umyalo wokuhlola onengqondo ovimbela ukulungiswa okungadingekile.
Hlola ukusebenza kwenjini kanye ne-RPM elinganisiwe.
Kala ingcindezi ye-hydraulic usebenzisa i-test gauge.
Hlola izinga likawoyela we-hydraulic kanye nokungcola.
Qaphela ukuthi amasilinda ayakhukhuleka yini ngaphansi komthwalo.
Hlola izilungiselelo zevalvu yokusiza kanye nezihlungi ze-hydraulic.
Ukulandela lolu chungechunge kunciphisa inkinga ngokushesha. Izinkinga eziningi zamandla okumba zingalandelelwa kwenye yalezi zindawo ngaphandle kokuhlukaniswa okukhulu.
Uma umshini omncane wokumba uzizwa ubuthakathaka ngokuzumayo, umshini awuvamile “ukuphuka” ngomqondo ophawulekayo. Ngokuvamile, ingxenye ye-hydraulic ilahlekelwe ukusebenza kahle buthule. Ukuguguleka kwephampu, izinkinga zevalvu yokukhulula ingcindezi, ukuvuza kwesilinda noma uwoyela we-hydraulic ongcolile kubangela izimo eziningi lapho imishini yokumba emincane ilahlekelwa amandla okumba.
Ukuqonda ukuthi ukucindezela kwe-hydraulic, ukugeleza kanye nokuvala kusebenzelana kanjani kuvumela ochwepheshe ukuthi baxilonge inkinga ngokunengqondo kunokushintsha izingxenye ngokungaboni. Uma imbangela isitholakele, ukubuyisela ukusebenza kahle kwe-hydraulic kuvame ukubuyisela umshini wokumba emandleni awo ajwayelekile.
Iningi lama-excavator amancane lisebenza phakathi kwamabha angu-200 no-350 kuye ngobukhulu bomshini kanye nomklamo we-hydraulic.
Inhlabathi eqinile idinga amandla aphezulu esilinda. Uma ingcindezi ye-hydraulic ingaphansi kancane kwesilinganiso, inkinga ibonakala kuphela lapho kumbiwa izinto ezinzima.
Yebo. Izihlungi ezivinjelwe zinciphisa ukugeleza kukawoyela okufinyelela empompini, okwehlisa ukuphuma kwe-hydraulic futhi kunciphise ukunyakaza kwe-actuator.
Amashejuli amaningi okulungisa ancoma ukuhlolwa njalo emahoreni okusebenza angu-500, yize ukuhlaziywa kukawoyela kungase kwandise noma kufinyeze isikhathi sokushintsha kuye ngesimo.
