Kampani yogulitsa zida zomangira yomwe yakhala ikupereka mayankho a makina omangira kwa zaka 30.
Chilankhulo
Kampani yogulitsa zida zomangira yomwe yakhala ikupereka mayankho a makina omangira kwa zaka 30.
Mavuto oyambitsa zinthu zozizira m'makina odzaza zinthu ang'onoang'ono amapezeka nthawi yozizira, makamaka pamakina a dizilo. Makina ambiri odzaza zinthu amagwira ntchito bwino masana koma zimakhala zovuta kuyamba atakhala usiku wonse. Poyamba, izi zingawoneke ngati vuto la batri losavuta. Ndipotu, chifukwa chenicheni nthawi zambiri chimakhala kuphatikiza mavuto ang'onoang'ono. Batri imatha kugwedezeka pang'onopang'ono nyengo yozizira, mafuta sangayende bwino, ma plug owunikira sangatenthe bwino, kapena mpweya womwe umabwera ukhoza kutsekedwa kale ndi fumbi ndi zinyalala. Mavutowa akayamba limodzi, makinawo amatha kugwedezeka kwa nthawi yayitali, kutulutsa utsi, kuyaka moto kamodzi ndikuyima, kapena kulephera kuyaka konse. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mavuto oyambitsa zinthu zozizira ayenera kufufuzidwa ngati dongosolo m'malo mongoganizira kuchokera ku chizindikiro chimodzi chokha.
Ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri amaganizira kaye za batri, ndipo zimenezo n'zomveka. Komabe, pa chonyamulira cha dizilo, kuyatsa kozizira kumadalira zambiri kuposa mphamvu ya cranking. Injini imafunikanso mafuta oyera, kutentha kokwanira m'chipinda choyaka moto, komanso mpweya wabwino kulowa mu dongosolo lolowera. Ngati chimodzi mwa zinthuzi chili chofooka, kuyatsa kumakhala kovuta. Ngati ziwiri kapena zitatu zili zofooka nthawi imodzi, makina nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kuyatsa m'mawa wozizira. Ichi ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chonyamulira cha dizilo chonyamulira mwamphamvu nthawi yozizira chimakhala chofala kwambiri pantchito yeniyeni.
Injini ya dizilo imayamba mosiyana ndi injini ya petulo. Sigwiritsa ntchito spark plug kuyatsa mafuta. M'malo mwake, imadalira kutentha kopanikizika. Mu nyengo yotentha, njirayi imakhala yosavuta. Mu nyengo yozizira, zinthu zimasintha. Mafuta amakhala okhuthala, batire imataya gawo la mphamvu yake, ndipo kutentha mkati mwa masilinda kumakwera pang'onopang'ono panthawi ya cranking. Nthawi yomweyo, mafuta a dizilo amatha kukhala okhuthala ndikuyenda mosavuta kudzera mu fyuluta ndi mizere. Chifukwa cha izi, makina omwe amayamba bwino mu nyengo yofatsa amatha kukhala ochedwa komanso ovuta kuyatsa kutentha kukatsika.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake mavuto oyambitsa zinthu mozizira sayenera kuweruzidwa mwachangu kwambiri. Chojambulira chingakhalebe cholimba, koma sizikutanthauza kuti batire ndi yabwino mokwanira. Chingakhalebe ndi mafuta, koma sizikutanthauza kuti kutumiza mafuta ndikolondola. Chingakhalebe ndi ma glow plugs ogwira ntchito, koma sizikutanthauza kuti makina onse otenthetsera akuyamba kugwira ntchito momwe ayenera kukhalira. Mwachizolowezi, nyengo yozizira imachepetsa chitetezo cha njira yonse yoyambira. Chikangowoneka chofooka chimodzi chochepa, khalidwe loyambira limatsika.
Pamene chojambulira chaching'ono chikugunda koma sichikuyamba bwino, makina amafuta ndi amodzi mwa malo oyamba kuwunika. Izi ndi zoona makamaka ngati makinawo ayikidwa usiku wonse kutentha kochepa. Nthawi zambiri, kufufuza makina amafuta kuti ayambe bwino kungawonetse mwachangu ngati vuto ndi kuyenda bwino kwa mafuta, mpweya wotsekeka, fyuluta yotsekedwa, kapena kutayika kwa primer pambuyo pozimitsa.
Mavuto a mafuta nthawi zambiri amasonyeza mawonekedwe omveka bwino. Injini imatha kugwedezeka mofanana koma osayaka. Ingayambe kwakanthawi kenako n’kusiya. Ingafunikenso kuyesedwa mobwerezabwereza isanayambe kugwira ntchito bwino. Zizindikirozi nthawi zambiri zimatanthauza kuti mafuta sakufika pa ma injectors mwanjira yokhazikika komanso yoyera. Mu nyengo yozizira, chinthu choyamba kuganizira ndi momwe mafuta alili. Ngati dizilo iyamba kusungunuka, mafuta amatsika kwambiri. Ngakhale makina akadali ndi mafuta mu thanki, injiniyo ingachite ngati yasowa chakudya.
Limodzi mwa mavuto omwe amafala kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira ndi kudzaza mafuta a dizilo m'makina odzaza zinthu ozizira . Dizilo ikakula, zimakhala zovuta kudutsa mu fyuluta. Makinawo amatha kugwedezeka mwamphamvu, koma amalephera kuyatsa. Izi nthawi zambiri zimapangitsa ogwiritsa ntchito kukayikira kaye kuti magetsi ndi olakwika, koma vuto lenileni ndi kuyenda kwa mafuta pang'ono. Fyuluta yamafuta yotsekedwa pang'ono ingayambitse chizindikiro chomwecho. Momwemonso kuipitsidwa kwa madzi m'mbale ya fyuluta kungachitike.
Vuto lina lofala ndi mpweya wolowa mu mzere wa mafuta. Ngati chonyamuliracho chiyamba bwino chikayikidwa bwino, kapena chikayamba kenako nkufa patatha kanthawi kochepa, makinawo akhoza kutaya mphamvu yake akaima. Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha zolumikizira zotayirira, zomangira zosweka, mapaipi osweka, kapena kutuluka pang'ono mozungulira mutu wa fyuluta. Pazochitika izi, makinawo angawoneke ngati ali ndi vuto lalikulu, koma chifukwa chenicheni nthawi zambiri chimakhala kutayika kwa mphamvu ya mafuta kumbali yoyamwa.
Ngati fyuluta yasinthidwa posachedwapa, thankiyo yasiya kugwira ntchito, kapena chingwe cha mafuta chatsegulidwa kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito, mpweya ukhoza kukhalabe mkati mwa makinawo. Pamenepo ndiye kuti kufufuza pang'onopang'ono kwa mavuto osayambitsa mafuta mu makina amafuta kudzakhala kothandiza. Kutuluka magazi kumachotsa mpweya wotsekeredwa ndikubwezeretsa kuyenda bwino kwa mafuta. Zimathandizanso kutsimikizira ngati makinawo akukoka mafuta olimba kapena akukoka mpweya kachiwiri. Ngati thovu libwerera pambuyo pa kutuluka magazi, makinawo mwina ali ndi kutayikira komwe kukufunikabe kukonzedwa.
Akamaliza kuyang'aniridwa mafuta, gawo lotsatira ndi makina olumikizira magetsi. Pa injini yozizira ya dizilo, ma plug olumikizira magetsi amathandiza kwambiri pothandiza chipinda choyatsira kutentha kufika kutentha koyambira. Ngati sakutentha bwino, injiniyo ikhoza kugwedezeka bwino, koma kuyaka kudzachedwa komanso kusakhazikika. Ichi ndichifukwa chake zizindikiro za kulephera kwa ma plug olumikizira magetsi mavuto oyambira kuzizira kwa dizilo ndi ofala kwambiri nthawi yozizira.
Dongosolo lofooka la pulagi yowala nthawi zambiri limayambitsa kugwedezeka kwa nthawi yayitali, kuwombera mwamphamvu m'masekondi ochepa oyamba, ndi utsi woyera wochokera mu utsi. Nthawi zina, makina amayamba bwino mutatha kuyika kiyi kawiri. Ichi ndi chizindikiro china chothandiza. Izi zikusonyeza kuti injini ikuyankha nthawi yowonjezera yotenthetsera. Ngati chonyamuliracho chikuyamba bwino m'malo ozizira okha koma chimagwira ntchito bwino nthawi yomweyo chikatentha, pulasitiki yowala iyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala.
Kuti muyesere momwe mungayezere ma glow plugs compact loader , ndibwino kuti musasinthe ziwalo mosazindikira. Choyamba, tsimikizirani kuti mphamvu imafika pa ma glow plugs panthawi yotenthetsera. Pambuyo pake, yesani plug iliyonse malinga ndi njira ya wopanga injini. Ngati plug imodzi yalephera, silinda imodzi ikhoza kukhala yozizira kwambiri poyambira. Ngati ma plug angapo ndi ofooka, injiniyo imatha kugwedezeka kwa nthawi yayitali ndikupanga utsi woyera isanayambe kugwira ntchito. Pazochitika izi, ogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri amanena kuti vutoli ndi loyambira kovuta, pomwe vuto lenileni ndi kutentha kosakwanira.
Ma plug owala okha ndi gawo limodzi chabe la dongosololi. Ngati relay ndi yofooka, ngati mawaya ali ndi kukana, kapena ngati mphamvu ya batri yatsika kwambiri panthawi yotenthetsera, ma plug sangagwire ntchito bwino ngakhale akadali bwino. Izi zimapangitsa kuti glow plug relay ithetse mavuto a zida zomangira zazing'ono kukhala gawo lofunikira pakuwunika kulikonse koyambira nyengo yozizira. Ma loaders ambiri amapeza ma glow plug atsopano koma amasunga cholakwika choyambirira cha relay, kotero vuto loyambira limabwereranso posachedwa.
Pambuyo pa mapulagi amafuta ndi kuwala, mpweya uyenera kuyang'aniridwa. Malo amenewa nthawi zambiri sanyalanyazidwa chifukwa amaoneka kuti saletsa makina kuyaka. Zoona zake n'zakuti, kulephera kwa injini ya dizilo yoyambira kuzizira kungapangitse kuti kuzizira kuyambe kwambiri, makamaka pa ma loaders omwe amagwira ntchito m'malo afumbi, auve, kapena amatope.
Ma compact loaders nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito m'malo omwe fyuluta ya mpweya imadzaza mofulumira. Fumbi lochepa, tinthu ta chakudya, ufa wa simenti, fumbi la matabwa, ndi zinyalala za malo onse zimatha kuchepetsa kuyenda kwa mpweya. Pamene njira yolowera mpweya yachepa, injini imalandira mpweya wochepa woyera panthawi ya cranking. Mu nyengo yozizira, mpweya wochepawo umapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti injini ipange kuyaka kokhazikika.
Vuto la fyuluta yoyipa yoyambira ndi skid steer silingayambitse nthawi zonse kulephera kuyatsa. Nthawi zina injini imayamba mwamphamvu, kutulutsa utsi, kenako imatha pambuyo pake. Nthawi zina imayamba ikangoyima kwa nthawi yayitali. Nthawi zina imayenda bwino ikangoyikidwa throttle itangoyamba kumene. Zizindikiro izi ndizosavuta kusokoneza ndi zolakwika zamafuta kapena injector, ndichifukwa chake njira yolowera iyenera kuyang'aniridwabe. Fyuluta yoyipa, chisindikizo cha nyumba yowonongeka, payipi yosweka, kapena njira yolowera mpweya yotsekedwa zonse zimatha kuchepetsa ubwino woyambira.
Mu gawo la injini, njira yachangu kwambiri yodziwira ngati injini sikuyamba bwino m'nyengo yozizira ndi kuyerekeza zizindikiro zake. Ngati injini yagwedezeka mwamphamvu koma ikumva ngati sikupeza mafuta okwanira, yang'anani kaye mafuta oyeretsera, kutsekeka kwa fyuluta, kutayika kwa prime, ndi kutuluka kwa mpweya. Ngati yagwedezeka, yayesa kuwombera, imatulutsa utsi woyera, ndikusintha pambuyo pa kutentha mobwerezabwereza, pitani ku glow plug ndi relay system. Ngati yayamba koma ikuyenda mosiyana ndipo ikuwoneka kuti ilibe mpweya woyera, yang'anani njira yolowera ndi momwe fyuluta ilili.
Vutoli loyambitsa mafuta ndi kuwala pogwiritsa ntchito njira yodziwira momwe mungadziwire limathandiza kuchepetsa kuyerekezera. M'malo mosintha zigawo chimodzi ndi chimodzi, limagwiritsa ntchito machitidwe enieni a makinawo kutsogolera dongosolo loyendera. Njira imeneyi imasunga nthawi, imachepetsa ndalama zokonzera, komanso imawongolera kulondola kokonza.
Kukonza vuto loyambira nthawi yomweyo n'kofunika, koma kupewa kuwonongeka mtsogolo n'kofunika kwambiri. Kubwerezabwereza kuyika mphamvu yayitali kumawonjezera katundu pa batire ndi mota yoyambira. Kumawonjezeranso kuwonongeka kwa injini panthawi yogwira ntchito yotentha kwambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, kukonza nthawi yozizira kuyenera kukonzedwa nyengo yozizira isanafike.
Njira yabwino yochitira nthawi yozizira iyenera kuphatikizapo kuyang'ana momwe batire ilili, kuyeretsa ma waya olumikizira, kuyang'ana ma plug owunikira ndi relay, kusintha zosefera zakale zamafuta, kugwiritsa ntchito dizilo yoyenera nyengo, ndikusunga makina olandirira mpweya oyera. Masitepe ang'onoang'ono awa amathandizira kwambiri kudalirika koyambira. Amachepetsanso mwayi wokonza mwadzidzidzi panthawi yogwira ntchito yotanganidwa.
M'mawa wozizira nthawi zambiri umasonyeza zofooka zomwe zimabisika nyengo yotentha. Ngati chojambulira chanu chikuvuta kuyambitsa pambuyo pa usiku wozizira, chitengeni ngati chidziwitso chothandiza. Nthawi zambiri, chomwe chimayambitsa vutoli chimapezeka m'malo atatu: kutumiza mafuta, magwiridwe antchito a plug yowala, kapena kuchepetsa mpweya. Makina atatuwa akayang'aniridwa bwino, mavuto ambiri oyambira ozizira a chojambulira chocheperako amatha kuzindikirika mwachangu ndikukonzedwa molondola.
Chojambulira chaching'ono nthawi zambiri chimavutika kuyamba nthawi yozizira chifukwa mphamvu ya batri imachepa, mafuta a injini amakhuthala, mafuta a dizilo amachepa kuyenda, ndipo makina ojambulira kuwala amafunika kugwira ntchito molimbika. Ngati makina ojambulira mafuta, ma plug ojambulira kuwala, kapena mpweya wolowa uli kale ndi vuto laling'ono, kutentha kozizira kudzapangitsa vutoli kukhala loipa kwambiri.
Zomwe zimayambitsa kwambiri ndi kusapereka mafuta bwino, kufooka kwa ma plug owunikira, komanso kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa ma crank. M'nyengo yozizira, zosefera zamafuta zotsekedwa, kuyika mafuta m'malo oyeretsera mafuta, mpweya m'malo oyeretsera mafuta, ndi zolakwika za ma plug owunikira ndi zina mwa zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa kulimba kwa magetsi.
Ngati injini yagwedezeka mwamphamvu koma ikuoneka kuti silandira mafuta okwanira, yang'anani kaye fyuluta yamafuta, mizere yamafuta, momwe imakhalira, ndi momwe mafuta angayeretsedwere. Ngati injini yagwedezeka, ikupereka utsi woyera, kapena yayamba bwino mutatenthetsa mobwerezabwereza, ma glow plugs kapena glow plug relay ndi omwe angakhale vuto.
Inde. Fyuluta yamafuta yotsekedwa ingathandize kuchepetsa kuyenda kwa mafuta ndikupangitsa kuti chojambulira cha dizilo chikhale chovuta kuyambitsa, makamaka nyengo yozizira. Injini ikhoza kugwedezeka bwino koma imalepherabe kuyatsa, kuyamba kwakanthawi ndikuyima, kapena kugwira ntchito mosagwirizana mukangoyamba.
Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo kugwedezeka kwa nthawi yayitali, kuyambitsa movutikira, utsi woyera, kuyamba moyipa m'mawa wozizira, komanso kuyamba bwino mutayendetsa kiyi kangapo. Zizindikiro zimenezi nthawi zambiri zimasonyeza kutentha pang'ono m'malo molephera injini.
Yambani poyang'ana ngati mphamvu imafika pa ma plug owunikira panthawi yotenthetsera. Kenako yesani plug iliyonse yowunikira malinga ndi njira ya wopanga injini. Ngati plug imodzi kapena zingapo zili zofooka, chonyamuliracho chingagwedezeke kwa nthawi yayitali ndikuvutika kuyamba m'malo ozizira.
Inde. Mpweya womwe uli mu mzere wa mafuta ungayambitse kutayika kwa mafuta, kutayika kwa prime, komanso kusakhazikika kwa poyambira. Chojambuliracho chingayambe kenako nkuima, kapena chingafunike kugwedezeka mobwerezabwereza chisanayende bwino. Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri pambuyo posintha fyuluta kapena pamene pali kutayikira pang'ono mu mzere wa mafuta.
Inde. Fyuluta yodetsedwa ya mpweya kapena njira yocheperako yolowera mpweya ingachepetse kuyenda kwa mpweya ndikupangitsa kuti kuyaka kozizira kusakhazikike. Izi sizingayambitse nthawi zonse kuti injini isayambe bwino, koma zingayambitse kugwedezeka kwa nthawi yayitali, kuyamba movutikira, utsi, komanso kusagwira bwino ntchito mumphindi zochepa zoyambirira injini itayambika.
Ngati chojambulira cha dizilo chocheperako chikagwedezeka koma sichiyamba chikazizira, zomwe zimayambitsa kwambiri ndi kusayenda bwino kwa mafuta, ma plug opepuka, batire yotsika yomwe ili ndi katundu, kapena kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amalowa. Njira yabwino ndiyo kuyang'ana mafuta, ma plug opepuka, ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'malo mosintha ziwalo mwachisawawa.
Kuti mupewe kuwonongeka kwa makina oyambira kuzizira, sungani batire bwino, sinthani zosefera zakale zamafuta, gwiritsani ntchito dizilo yoyenera m'nyengo yozizira, yang'anani makina olumikizira magetsi kusanayambe kuzizira, ndikusunga mpweya wolowera utakhala woyera. Pewani kugwedezeka mobwerezabwereza kwa nthawi yayitali, chifukwa kumawonjezera kuwonongeka kwa choyambira, batire, ndi injini.
