Product Knowledge Popularization
Mupi wezvishandiso zvekuvaka kwemakore makumi matatu.
Mutauro
Mupi wezvishandiso zvekuvaka kwemakore makumi matatu.
Matambudziko ekutanga kutonhora mumacompact loaders anowanzoitika munguva yechando, kunyanya pamichina yedhiziri. Macompact loaders mazhinji anomhanya zvakanaka masikati asi zvinova zvakaoma kutanga mushure mekurara husiku. Pakutanga, izvi zvingaita sedambudziko rebhatiri. Kutaura zvazviri, chikonzero chaicho chinowanzova musanganiswa wematambudziko madiki. Bhatiri rinogona kudonha zvishoma nezvishoma kana kuchitonhora, mafuta anogona kusayerera zvakanaka, magirazi emagetsi anogona kusapisa zvakanaka, kana kuti mweya unopinda unogona kunge watovharwa neguruva nemarara. Kana matambudziko aya akaonekwa pamwe chete, muchina unogona kudonha kwenguva yakareba, kuburitsa utsi, kupfura kamwe chete uye kumira, kana kutadza kutanga zvachose. Ndosaka matambudziko ekutanga kutonhora kwecompact loader achifanira kuongororwa sehurongwa pane kufungidzira kubva pachiratidzo chimwe chete.
Vazhinji vanotanga vafunga nezvebhatiri, uye izvozvo zvinonzwisisika. Zvisinei, kune dhiziri compact loader, kutanga kutonhora kunoenderana nezvinopfuura simba rekukanda. Injini inodawo mafuta akachena, kupisa kwakakwana mukamuri rinopisa, uye mhepo inoyerera zvakanaka muhurongwa hwekupinda. Kana chimwe chezvizvi chisina simba, kutanga kunova kwakaoma. Kana maviri kana matatu asina simba panguva imwe chete, muchina unowanzova wakaoma kutanga mangwanani anotonhora. Ichi ndicho chikonzero chikuru nei kutanga kwakasimba kwedhiziri compact loader munguva inotonhora kwakajairika munzvimbo chaiyo yebasa.
Injini yedhiziri inotanga zvakasiyana neinjini yepeturu. Haishandise spark plug kuti ibatidze mafuta. Asi, inoshandisa kupisa kwakasimba. Mumamiriro ekunze anodziya, maitiro iwayo ari nyore. Mumamiriro ekunze anotonhora, mamiriro acho anochinja. Oiri inokora, bhatiri rinorasikirwa nechikamu chesimba rayo, uye tembiricha iri mukati memasirinda inokwira zvishoma nezvishoma panguva yekukwenya. Panguva imwe chete, mafuta edhiziri anogona kukora uye kuyerera zvishoma nezvishoma kuburikidza nefirita nemitsetse. Nekuda kweizvi, muchina unotanga zvakanaka mumamiriro ekunze asina kusimba unogona kunonoka uye kuoma kutanga kana tembiricha yadzikira.
Ndosaka matambudziko ekutanga mota asingafaniri kutariswa nekukasika. Loader inogona kuramba ichirova, asi izvozvo hazvirevi kuti bhatiri rakanaka zvakakwana. Inogona kunge ichiri kuwana mafuta, asi izvozvo hazvirevi kuti kutumira mafuta kwakarurama. Inogona kunge iine magirazi ekupisa ari kushanda, asi izvozvo hazvirevi kuti sisitimu yese yekupisa iri kushanda sezvainofanira. Muchokwadi, kutonhora kunoderedza kuchengetedzeka kwekutanga kwese. Kana kamwe chete kadiki kakangoonekwa, kunaka kwekutanga kunoderera.
Kana muchina wekutakura mafuta wakakandwa asi usingatangi zvakanaka, sisitimu yemafuta ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo dzekutanga kuongorora. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika kana muchina wacho wakamiswa usiku hwese mukupisa kwakaderera. Kazhinji, kuongororwa kwesisitimu yemafuta kuti utange zvakanaka kunogona kuratidza nekukurumidza kana dambudziko riri kuyerera kwemafuta kusina kunaka, mhepo yakavharirwa, firita yakavharika, kana kurasikirwa neprime mushure mekudzima.
Matambudziko emafuta anowanzo ratidza maitiro akajeka. Injini inogona kugonya zvakaenzana asi ikatadza kupfura. Inogona kutanga kwenguva pfupi yozomira. Inogonawo kuda kuyedzwa kakawanda isati yashanda zvakanaka. Zviratidzo izvi zvinowanzoreva kuti mafuta haasi kusvika kuma injectors nenzira yakagadzikana uye yakachena. Munguva yechando, chinhu chekutanga chekufunga nezvacho mamiriro emafuta. Kana dhiziri rikatanga kuyerera, mafuta anoyerera zvakanyanya. Kunyangwe kana muchina uchine mafuta mutangi, injini inogona kuita sekunge yashaya simba.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kuitika munguva yechando igelling yemafuta edhiziri mumidziyo inotonhorera . Kana dhiziri rakora, zvinova zvakaoma kupfuura nepafirita. Muchina unogona kugonya zvakasimba, asi wozotadza kutanga. Izvi zvinowanzoita kuti vanofambisa vatange vafungira kuti magetsi ari kushanda, asi dambudziko chairo inyaya yekushaikwa kwemafuta. Firita yemafuta yakavharika zvishoma inogona kuumba chiratidzo chimwe chete. Kusvibiswa kwemvura mundiro yefirita kunogonawo kuitika.
Imwe dambudziko rinowanzoitika imhepo inopinda mumutsara wemafuta. Kana loader ikatanga zviri nani mushure mekuiisa muchina, kana ikatanga yozofa mushure menguva pfupi, system yacho inogona kunge ichirasikirwa ne prime yakamiswa. Izvi zvinogona kuitika nekuda kwezvibatiso zvisina kusimba, zvisimbiso zvakasakara, mapombi akatsemuka, kana kudonha kudiki kwakatenderedza musoro wesefa. Muzviitiko izvi, muchina unogona kuita seune dambudziko guru, asi chikonzero chaicho kazhinji kurasikirwa nepressure yemafuta padivi rekusveta.
Kana sefa yakachinjwa nguva pfupi yadarika, tangi ikarega ichiyerera zvishoma, kana kuti tambo yemafuta yakavhurwa kuti ishandiswe, mweya unogona kuramba uri mukati mesystem. Ndipo panoonekwa nhanho-nhanho kubuda kweropa musystem yemafuta kuti pasave nematambudziko ekutanga . Kubuda ropa kunobvisa mweya wakabatwa uye kunobatsira kudzorera kufamba kwemafuta kwakadzikama. Zvinobatsirawo kuona kana system iri kudhonza mafuta akasimba kana kudhonza mhepo zvakare. Kana mabubbles akadzoka mushure mekubuda ropa, muchina wacho ungangove uine kubuda kwemvura kuchiri kuda kugadziriswa.
Kana mafuta angotumirwa, nzvimbo inotevera ndiyo system yekuisa magetsi mumagetsi. Painjini yedhiziri inotonhora, magirazi emagetsi anoita basa guru mukubatsira kuti imba yekupisa isvike pakupisa kwekutanga. Kana akasapisa zvakanaka, injini inogona kuramba ichikwira zvakanaka, asi kupiswa kuchanonoka uye kusagadzikana. Ndosaka zviratidzo zvekukundikana kwemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi matambudziko ekutanga kwedhiziri achiwanzoitika munguva yechando.
Sisitimu yekuisa magiya isina kusimba inowanzo kukonzera kurira kwenguva refu, kutsva kwakasimba mumasekonzi mashoma ekutanga, uye utsi huchena hunobva muutsi. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, muchina unotanga zviri nani mushure mekutenderedza kiyi kaviri. Ndiyo imwe nzira inobatsira. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti injini iri kupindura nguva yekuwedzera yekupisa. Kana loader isingatangi zvakanaka mumamiriro ekunze anotonhora chete asi ichishanda zvakanaka kana yadziya, mashandiro ekuisa magiya anofanira kunyatsoongororwa.
Kuti muone kuti mungaedza sei ma "glow plugs" anoongorora compact loader , zviri nani kusatsiva zvikamu zvisina kujeka. Kutanga, simbisai kuti simba rinosvika kuma "glow plugs" panguva ye "preheat cycle". Mushure meizvozvo, edzai plug yega yega zvichienderana nenzira yemugadziri weinjini. Kana plug imwe ikakundikana, silinda imwe inogona kuramba ichitonhora zvakanyanya pakutanga. Kana ma "plugs" akawanda asina simba, injini inogona kugomara kwenguva yakareba yoburitsa utsi huchena isati yatanga kushanda. Muzviitiko izvi, vashandisi vanowanzotsanangura dambudziko se "starting" yakaoma, nepo dambudziko guru riri "preheat" isina kukwana.
Mapulagi echiedza pachawo anongova chikamu chesystem. Kana relay isina simba, kana waya iine resistance, kana kana voltage yebhatiri ikadonha zvakanyanya panguva yekupisa, mapulagi anogona kusashanda nemazvo kunyangwe achiri kushanda. Izvi zvinoita kuti glow plug relay igadzirise matambudziko emidziyo yekuvaka midiki ive chikamu chakakosha chekuongorora kwekutanga kwechando. Ma loaders mazhinji anowana ma glow plug matsva asi anochengetedza relay yekutanga, saka dambudziko rekutanga rinodzoka nekukurumidza.
Mushure mekuiswa peturu nemagirazi emagetsi, nzvimbo inopindwa nemhepo inofanira kuongororwa. Nzvimbo iyi inowanzo tariswa nekuti zvinoita sekuti haikwanise kumisa muchina kutanga. Kutaura chokwadi, zvikanganiso zveinjini yedhiziri zvinogona kuita kuti kutanga kwemhepo kuome zvakanyanya, kunyanya pama loaders anoshanda munzvimbo dzine guruva, tsvina, kana matope.
Macompact loaders anowanzo shanda munzvimbo dzinotakura mweya nekukurumidza. Guruva rakatsetseka, zvimedu zvekudya, upfu hwesimende, guruva rehuni, uye marara enzvimbo zvinogona kuderedza kufamba kwemhepo. Kana nzira yekupinda ikasagadzikana, injini inowana mhepo yakachena shoma panguva yekukwira kwemhepo. Mumamiriro ekunze anotonhora, kufamba kwemhepo kushoma kunoita kuti zviomere injini kugadzira moto wakasimba.
Dambudziko remhepo ine tsvina inotangisa kutsvedza rinogona kusakonzera nguva dzose kusatanga zvachose. Dzimwe nguva injini inotanga zvine simba, yoburitsa utsi, uye yozopera gare gare. Dzimwe nguva inotanga chete mushure mekukasira kwenguva refu. Dzimwe nguva inomhanya zvisina kunaka kana throttle ikashandiswa mushure mekutanga. Zviratidzo izvi zviri nyore kuvhiringa nemafuta kana majekiseni, ndosaka nzira yekupinda nayo ichifanira kuongororwa. Sefa ine tsvina, chisimbiso chemba chakakuvara, hose yakadonha, kana nzira yemhepo yakavharika zvese zvinogona kuderedza kunaka kwekutanga.
Mumunda, nzira inokurumidza yekuziva kana injini isina kutanga munguva yechando ndeyekuenzanisa maitiro echiratidzo. Kana injini ikakasira asi ichinzwa sekuti haisi kuwana mafuta akakwana, tanga watarisa mafuta egelling, kuvharika kwemafirita, kurasikirwa kukuru, uye kudonha kwemhepo. Kana ikakasira, ikaedza kupfura, ikaburitsa utsi huchena, uye ikavandudzika mushure mekudzokororwa kwekupisa, enda kune system yekuisa magetsi muchiedza. Kana ikatanga asi ichifamba zvisina kuenzana uye ichiita seisina mweya wakachena, tarisa nzira yekupinda uye mamiriro efirita.
Nyaya iyi yekuvhura fuel vs glow plug cold nzira yekuziva nayo inobatsira kuderedza kufungidzira. Pane kutsiva zvikamu chimwe nechimwe, inoshandisa maitiro chaiwo emuchina kutungamira kurongeka kwekuongorora. Maitiro iwayo anochengetedza nguva, anoderedza mari yekugadzirisa, uye anovandudza kunyatsogadzirisa.
Kugadzirisa dambudziko rekutanga nekukurumidza kwakakosha, asi kudzivirira kukuvara mune ramangwana kunokoshawo. Kuramba uchikanda mota kwenguva refu kunoisa mutoro wakawedzerwa pabhatiri nemota yekutanga. Zvinowedzerawo kupera kweinjini panguva yekushanda kwemhepo ine tembiricha yakaderera. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kugadzirisa injini munguva yechando kunofanirwa kurongwa kusati kwasvika kutonhora.
Maitiro akanaka echando anofanira kusanganisira kutarisa mamiriro ebhatiri, kuchenesa tambo dzinobatanidzwa, kuongorora ma "glow plugs" ne "relay", kutsiva ma "fuel filters" ekare, kushandisa "seasonal diesel" yakakodzera, uye kuchengetedza "air intake system" yakachena. Matanho madiki aya anovandudza zvikuru kuvimbika kwekutanga. Anoderedzawo mukana wekugadzirisa nekukurumidza panguva yebasa rakabatikana.
Mangwanani anotonhora anowanzo ratidza kushaya simba kunoramba kwakavanzika kana kuchidziya. Kana chitokisi chako chikava chakaoma kutanga mushure mehusiku hunotonhora, chitore seruzivo runobatsira. Kazhinji, chikonzero chikuru chinowanikwa mune imwe yenzvimbo nhatu: kuendesa mafuta, kushanda kwemagetsi, kana kudziviswa kwemhepo. Kana masisitimu aya matatu akaongororwa zvakajeka, matambudziko mazhinji ekutanga kwechinhu chitokisi chinogona kuongororwa nekukurumidza uye kugadziriswa nemazvo.
Muchina wekutakura zvinhu zvishoma unowanzo tadza kutanga kana kuchitonhora nekuti simba remagetsi rinodzikira, mafuta einjini anokora, mafuta edhiziri anoyerera zviri nyore, uye system yemagetsi inofanira kushanda nesimba. Kana system yemagetsi, magirazi emagetsi, kana kuti air intake yatove nekanganiso kadiki, tembiricha inotonhora ichaita kuti dambudziko riwedzere kuipa.
Zvikonzero zvinonyanya kukonzera kusafambiswa zvakanaka kwemafuta, kusashanda zvakanaka kwema "glow plug", uye kusashanda zvakanaka kwe "crank". Munguva yechando, ma "fuel filters" akavharika, "fuel gelling", "air in the fuel line", uye "glow plug relay" zvinokanganisa mashandiro e "glow plug" ndezvimwe zvezvikonzero zvinowanzoita kuti mota itange zvakaoma.
Kana injini ikakasira kugwinha asi isingawani mafuta akakwana, tanga watarisa firita yemafuta, mitsetse yemafuta, mamiriro ayo, uye mukana wekuisa mafuta mugeri. Kana injini ikakasira kugwinha, ikaburitsa utsi huchena, kana kuti ikatanga zviri nani mushure mekudziya kakawanda, magirazi ekupisa kana kuti magirazi ekupisa ndiwo anowanzo kukonzera dambudziko.
Ehe. Sefa yemafuta yakavharika inogona kuderedza kufamba kwemafuta uye kuita kuti dhiziri rinotakura mafuta riome kutanga, kunyanya kana kuchitonhora. Injini inogona kugonya zvakanaka asi yotadza kupfura, kutanga kwenguva pfupi uye kumira, kana kushanda zvisina kuenzana mushure mekutanga.
Zviratidzo zvinowanzoonekwa zvinosanganisira kukwira mota kwenguva refu, kutanga mota zvisina kunaka, utsi huchena, kutanga mota zvisina kunaka mangwanani anotonhora, uye kutanga mota mushure mekumhanyisa kiyi kanopfuura kamwe chete. Zviratidzo izvi zvinowanzoratidza kudziyisa injini zvisina kusimba pane kutadza kushanda zvakanaka kweinjini.
Tanga nekutarisa kana simba richisvika pamaplagi ekupenya panguva yekupisa. Wobva waedza plagi yega yega yekupenya zvichienderana nenzira yemugadziri weinjini. Kana plagi imwe chete kana kupfuura isina simba, loader inogona kugomera kwenguva yakareba uye kuomerwa nekutanga mumamiriro ekunze anotonhora.
Ehe. Mhepo iri mumutsara wemafuta inogona kukonzera kusafambiswa zvakanaka kwemafuta, kurasikirwa neprime, uye kutanga kusina kugadzikana. Chinotakurika chinogona kutanga chozomira, kana kuti chingada kudzokororwa kakawanda chisati chafamba zvakanaka. Izvi zvinowanzoitika mushure mekutsiviwa kwefirita kana kana paine kudonha kudiki mumutsara wemafuta.
Ehe. Sefa yemhepo yakasviba kana nzira isina kuganhurirwa yekupinda inogona kuderedza kufamba kwemhepo uye kuita kuti kupisa kwechando kusagadzikane. Izvi zvingasaita kuti injini isatange kushanda zvakanaka nguva dzese, asi zvinogona kukonzera kumhanya kwenguva refu, kutanga kushanda zvisina kunaka, utsi, uye kusashanda zvakanaka mumaminitsi mashoma ekutanga injini yatanga.
Kana mudziyo wedhiziri wakakandwa asi usingatangi kana kwatonhora, zvingangove zvikonzero zvacho kushaikwa kwemafuta zvakanaka, ma "glow plugs" asina kusimba, bhatiri risingashande zvakanaka kana mutoro wacho wava kurema, kana kuti kudziviswa kwekupinda kwemafuta. Nzira yakanakisisa ndeyekutarisa mafuta, ma "glow plugs", uye mweya unopinda nepakati pane kutsiva zvikamu zvisina kurongeka.
Kuti udzivise kukuvara kwekutangira kutonhora, chengetedza bhatiri riri mumamiriro akanaka, tsiva mafirita emafuta ekare, shandisa dhiziri yakakodzera yechando, tarisa system yekuisa magirazi ekupisa kusati kwatonhora, uye chengeta mweya wakachena. Dzivisa kukanda crank kwenguva refu kakawanda, nekuti zvinowedzera kupera simba pastarter, bhatiri, uye injini.
