Ukwandiswa kolwazi lomkhiqizo
Umhlinzeki wemishini yokwakha wezixazululo zemishini yokwakha iminyaka engama-30.
Ulimi
Umhlinzeki wemishini yokwakha wezixazululo zemishini yokwakha iminyaka engama-30.
Umshini wokugoqa umgwaqo ungase ubonakale ulula uma ukude: isigubhu esinzima siya phambili, ubuso bubukeka buthambile, futhi wonke umuntu unethemba lokuthi umgwaqo uzoziphatha kahle kamuva. Nokho, emsebenzini wokwakha wangempela, ukugoqa akukhona nje ukubukeka. I-roller yandisa ubuningi bezinto ngokusebenzisa ingcindezi, ukudlidliza, ukuxova, ukushaya noma inhlanganisela yala mandla, ngakho-ke umshini ofanele uncike ezintweni kanye nendlela yokugoqa edingekayo. Ngokusho kwe- Isikhungo Sokuthutha saseKentucky , ukuqina kungatholakala ngokucindezela, ukudlidliza, ukuxova, ukushaya noma amandla ahlangene. Ngomsebenzi we-asphalt, lokhu kubalulekile ngoba Ukuphathwa Kwemigwaqo Kahulumeni uphawula ukuthi ukwanda kwephesenti elilodwa kobuningi be-asphalt endaweni kungandisa impilo yesevisi ye-pavement okungenani ngamaphesenti ayi-10.
Yingakho ukukhetha i-road roller ngobukhulu noma ngentengo yodwa kuyingozi. Indawo encane yokulungisa, indawo yokupaka, indawo yokugcwala imisele kanye nesisekelo somgwaqo konke kungadinga ukuqiniswa, kodwa akudingi i-compactor efanayo. Umshini ongcono kakhulu yilowo ohambisana nezinto zokusebenza, isikhala esitholakalayo, ubuningi bethagethi, ukuqeda kwendawo kanye nokukhiqiza kwansuku zonke. Ngamanye amazwi, umsebenzi kufanele ukhethe i-roller, hhayi okuphambene nalokho.
Umshini wokugoqa umgwaqo uwumshini wokuminyana osetshenziselwa ukwandisa ubuningi kanye nokuqina kwe-asphalt, inhlabathi, amatshe ayigugu noma izinto eziyisisekelo ezixubile. Ubuningi obungcono buyasiza ekunciphiseni ukuhlala, ukugoba, ukuqhekeka kanye nokunyakaza komhlaba ngemva kokwakhiwa. Ku-asphalt, ubuningi bubaluleke kakhulu ngoba izikhala zomoya zithinta ngqo ukusebenza kwemigwaqo. Ukusebenzisana Kwemigwaqo uphawula ukuthi i-asphalt exutshwe kahle kakhulu ngokuvamile isebenza kahle kakhulu lapho izikhala zomoya ziphakathi kwamaphesenti amathathu nangu-8, zilinganisa amandla, impilo yokukhathala, ukuqina, ukumelana nokuzulazula, ukumelana nokugoba kanye nokumelana nomonakalo womswakama.
Kubathengi, lokhu kusho ukuthi i-roller akuyona nje umshini wokuqeda. Iyingxenye yochungechunge lokulawula ikhwalithi. Uma i-roller ingakwazi ukusiza abasebenzi ukuthi bafinyelele ubuningi obudingekayo ngaphambi kokuba izinto ziphole, zome noma zilahlekelwe ukusebenza, indawo ingase ibukeke yamukelekile ngosuku lokuqala kodwa isebenze kabi kamuva. Imigwaqo ingabahloli abanesineke; iveza ukuminyana okubi kancane kancane nangokubiza kakhulu.
A i-roller yomgwaqo ehamba ngezinyawo incane, kulula ukuyithutha futhi iwusizo ezindaweni ezincane lapho imishini emikhulu ingenakujika khona ngokukhululeka. Ivame ukusetshenziswa ezindleleni zabahamba ngezinyawo, emaphethelweni omgwaqo, ekuphekeni, ekulungiseni imigwaqo, ezindaweni ezincane ze-asphalt kanye nokugcwaliswa kwemisele. Ngenxa yokuthi umqhubi uhamba ngemuva komshini, ukubonakala emaphethelweni nasezithiyo kuhle. Ukushintshana kuwukukhiqiza. Endaweni enkulu evulekile, imodeli ehamba ngemuva ingaqeda umsebenzi, kodwa umqhubi angase aqale ukuzwa ukuthi indawo ikhule buthule ubusuku bonke.
I -roller yomgwaqo enemigqomo emibili , ebizwa nangokuthi i-tandem roller, inama-drum ensimbi ngaphambili nangemuva. Lo mklamo unikeza ukuxhumana okulinganayo kobuso futhi uwusizo ikakhulukazi ekuqineni kwe-asphalt, ezindaweni zokupaka, ezindleleni zamabhayisikili, emigwaqweni emincane nasekuqedeni kobuso. Ukuhlelwa kwe-drum okubushelelezi kusiza kokubili ekuqedeni nasekuxineni, futhi ubuningi yilapho kuvela khona inani langempela lobunjiniyela. Ukuphathwa Kwemigwaqo Kahulumeni ibika ukuthi ukwanda kwe-asphalt ngephesenti elilodwa kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kokukhathala ngamaphesenti angu-8 kuya kwangu-44 kanye nokumelana ne-rutting ngamaphesenti angu-7 kuya kwangu-66.
A i-roller yomgwaqo egibele isebenza kahle kakhulu uma indawo yokusebenza ivulekile ngokwanele ukuze kugingqike amaphasi amade. Inciphisa ukukhathala kokuhamba, ithuthukisa umkhiqizo wansuku zonke futhi isize abashayeli ukuthi balondoloze iphethini yokugingqika ehambisanayo ezindaweni zokupaka, emigwaqweni yezindlu, ezinkundleni zemidlalo kanye namaphrojekthi okugandaya aphakathi nendawo. Kodwa-ke, induduzo ayigcini nje ngesihlalo. I-OSHA ithi izidingo zokulondolozwa kokuzwa kokwakhiwa ziyasebenza lapho ukuchayeka komsindo kudlula i-90 dBA esikhathini samahora angu-8, ngakho-ke ukushintshashintsha okude kanye nemishini eseduze kufanele kucatshangelwe lapho kuhlelwe ukuvikelwa komqhubi.
Ama-roller e-drum eyodwa avame ukusetshenziselwa ukulungisa inhlabathi, amatshe kanye nesisekelo somgwaqo. Ngokuvamile ane-drum eyodwa enkulu yangaphambili kanye namathayi angemuva, enikeza ukubamba kanye nekhono lokuminyana elijulile ezindaweni ezinkulu zokusebenza komhlaba. Ama-roller e-padfoot asebenzisa ama-pad aphakanyisiwe ukuxova inhlabathi ehlangene njengobumba, lapho ingcindezi yomhlaba iyodwa ingase inganeli. Nokho, nge-asphalt, i-drum ebushelelezi ivame ukukhethwa, ngoba i-drum ye-padfoot ingashiya amamaki okungekho mphathi wendawo ofuna ukuwachaza ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa.
I-roller yamathayi e-pneumatic isebenzisa amathayi enjoloba amaningi ukufaka ingcindezi yokuxova phezu komhlaba. Ivame ukusetshenziswa ekuqedeni nasekuvaleni i-asphalt ngoba amathayi asiza ukuvala izikhala zomhlaba futhi athuthukise ukuxhumana kwawo kuwo wonke umata. Le mishini iwusizo kumaphrojekthi amakhulu okugandaya, yize ingavamile emsebenzini wokulungisa omncane kunama-roller ahamba ngemuva noma ama-drum amabili adlidlizayo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-road roller kuncike kakhulu kulokho okuqinisiwe. I-asphalt ngokuvamile idinga ukuthintana okubushelelezi kwe-drum, ukulawulwa kokudlidliza kanye nohlelo lokufafaza amanzi ukuze kuncishiswe ukunamathela. Inhlabathi enama-granular, isihlabathi kanye namatshe ayigugu kuvame ukusabela kahle ekudlidlizeni ngoba ukunyakaza kwezinhlayiya kusiza ukuthi izinto zihlale esakhiweni esiminyene. Inhlabathi ehlangene njengobumba ingadinga isenzo sokuxova kusuka ku-padfoot roller. Ngaphambi kokukhetha i-asphalt compaction roller, osonkontileka kufanele futhi bahlole ukuthi iphrojekthi ichaza kanjani ubuningi, ngoba Isikhungo Se-Asphalt ichaza ukuthi imigomo yobuningi ingase isekelwe ekuxubeni okuhlanganisiwe kwelabhorethri, ubuningi obukhulu bethiyori noma ubuningi be-control strip.
Ukulungiswa kwemigwaqo emincane, ukwakhiwa kwezindlela zabahamba ngezinyawo kanye nomsebenzi wokufinyelela omncane kuvame ukuhambisana ne -roller encane yomgwaqo noma i-roller ehamba ngemuva. Izindawo zokupaka, izindlela zamabhayisikili kanye nemigwaqo yezindlu ngokuvamile kuzuza nge-roller ehlanganisiwe ephindwe kabili noma i-roller edlidlizayo yokugibela. Umsebenzi wokugcwalisa imisele kanye nokulungisa izinsiza kungadinga i-roller yomsele noma omunye umshini ohlangene uma ukufinyelela kunqunyelwe kakhulu. I-roller enkulu emseleni oqinile akuyona ukuthuthukiswa kokukhiqiza; kuyinkinga yokuhlela ngesiteringi.
Ukukhetha phakathi kwe-walk-behind road roller kanye ne-ride-on roller kuncike kakhulu endaweni, ukufinyelela kanye nokukhiqiza. Ama-walk-behind roller angcono ezindaweni ezincane, emaphethelweni, ekulungisweni, emsebenzini wemisele kanye nasezindaweni ezincane ze-asphalt. Ama-ride-on roller angcono ezindaweni ezivulekile ezinkulu lapho ama-pass amade athuthukisa ukusebenza kahle futhi anciphise ukukhathala komqhubi. Uma indawo inezinqe eziningi, ama-manhole, amakholomu noma izithiyo, usayizi omncane uba yigugu kakhulu. Uma indawo ivuliwe futhi isheduli incane, umkhiqizo wokugibela uvame ukuphumelela.
Kubathengisi nezinkampani eziqashisayo, yingakho ukugcina uhlobo olulodwa lwe-roller kungase kungawasizi kahle amakhasimende wonke. Ithimba lokulungisa imigwaqo lingadinga iyunithi yokuhamba ngemuva yokulungisa okulinganiselwe, kuyilapho umakhi we-paving angakhetha i-roller yomgwaqo enemigqomo emibili yokugibela ezindaweni zokupaka kanye nemigwaqo yezindlu. Ingxube yomshini kufanele ilandele isidingo sephrojekthi yendawo, hhayi nje indawo yokubonisa.
| Isici Sokuthenga | Okufanele Uhlole | Ireferensi Yemboni |
|---|---|---|
| Indlela yokuminyana | Hlola ukuthi impahla idinga ingcindezi, ukudlidliza, ukuxova, ukushayisana noma amandla ahlangene. | Ukuminyana kungatholakala ngokucindezela, ukudlidliza, ukuxova, ukushaya noma amandla ahlangene. |
| Ubuningi be-asphalt | Qinisekisa ukuthi i-roller ingasiza yini abasebenzi ukuthi bafinyelele umgomo wobuningi bephrojekthi. | FHWA: Ubuningi be-asphalt obuphezulu ngo-1% bungandisa impilo yesevisi yendlela okungenani ngo-10%. |
| Umthelela wokusebenza | Cabanga ngobuningi njengento ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwemigwaqo, hhayi nje kuphela isidingo sokuqeda. | FHWA: Ukwanda kobuningi okungu-1% kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kokukhathala ngo-8%–44% kanye nokumelana nokuqina kwemisipha ngo-7%–66%. |
| Ukulawula ukungabi namoya | Hlola ukuthi ukucindezela kuyawusekela yini umkhawulo womoya ongenayo i-asphalt odingekayo. | I-HMA enezinga eliqinile ivame ukusebenza kahle kakhulu lapho izikhala zomoya zingu-3%–8%. |
| Ukuchayeka emsindweni | Cabanga ngokuchayeka komqhubi ngesikhathi sokuhamba okude kanye nokusebenza kwemishini eseduze. | I-OSHA: ukulondolozwa kokuzwa kokwakhiwa kusebenza ngaphezu kwe-90 dBA emahoreni angu-8. |
Uma ukhetha i -compactor ye-roller yomgwaqo , qala ngezinto kanye nomphumela wokuqina odingekayo. Nge-asphalt, hlola imininingwane yobuningi, ukujiya komata, izinga lokushisa lokusebenza, ububanzi besigubhu, ukulawula ukudlidliza kanye nohlelo lokufafaza amanzi. Ngezinto eziyisisekelo ezihlanganisiwe, qhathanisa isisindo sokusebenza, amandla e-centrifugal kanye nemvamisa yokudlidliza. Ngenhlabathi ehlangene, hlola ukuthi umshini unganikeza yini isenzo sokuxova esikhundleni sokucindezela komhlaba kuphela.
Okulandelayo, bheka indawo uqobo lwayo. Isigubhu esibanzi sithuthukisa umkhiqizo kuphela uma umshini ukwazi ukuhamba ngokukhululeka. I-roller encane ingaletha inani elingcono ezindleleni zabahamba ngezinyawo, umsebenzi wokuchibiyela kanye nokulungiswa okuncane kukamasipala ngoba ingathuthwa kalula futhi iqondiswe ngokushesha. Abathengi kufanele futhi baqhathanise ukukwazi ukulinganisa, irediyasi yokujika, ububanzi besigubhu, ukufinyelela kwensizakalo, izingxenye zenjini, amabhande, amabheringi, izingxenye ze-hydraulic kanye nokutholakala kwezingxenye ezisele. I-NIOSH incoma ukunciphisa ukuchayeka komsindo emsebenzini ngezinyathelo ezinjengokuthenga imishini ethule nokugcina izingxenye ezihambayo zigcotshwe ngamafutha futhi zinakekelwe kahle, okwenza ukulungiswa kube yingxenye yokwethembeka nokuphepha.
I-drum ebushelelezi noma i-double drum road roller ivame ukusetshenziswa kwi-asphalt ngoba inikeza ukuxhumana okulinganayo kwendawo futhi isiza ekufezeni ukuqeda okubushelelezi. Ekulungiseni okuncane, ama-walk-back rollers noma ama-plate compactors angasetshenziswa lapho ukufinyelela kulinganiselwe.
I-roller yomgwaqo ehamba ngemuva ingcono ezindaweni ezincane, emaphethelweni omgwaqo, ekugcwaliseni imisele kanye nomsebenzi wokulungisa omncane. I-roller yomgwaqo ehamba phezu komgwaqo ingcono ezindaweni ezivulekile ezinkulu lapho kudingeka khona izindlela ezinde zokudlula kanye nokukhiqiza okuphezulu kwansuku zonke.
I-vibratory road roller ihlanganisa isisindo somshini nokudlidliza ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqina. Ivame ukusetshenziswa enhlabathini enjenge-asphalt, inhlabathi enama-granular, isihlabathi, amatshe ayigugu kanye nezendlalelo eziyisisekelo lapho izinhlayiya zidinga ukuhlala khona esakhiweni esiminyene.
Khetha ngokuya ngohlobo lwezinto, ubuningi obudingekayo, usayizi wephrojekthi, izimo zokufinyelela, ububanzi besigubhu, uhlelo lokudlidliza, uhlelo lwamanzi, isisindo sokusebenza, indlela yokuthutha kanye nokusekelwa kwezingxenye ezisele. Ukuze uthole izinketho ze-ACE compact road roller, abathengi bangabuyekeza ama-vibrator roller ahamba ngemuva futhi amarola okudlidliza agubha kabili agibelayo ngokuya ngobukhulu bephrojekthi nendawo yokusebenza.
