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Kampani yogulitsa zida zomangira yomwe yakhala ikupereka mayankho a makina omangira kwa zaka 30.
Chilankhulo
Kampani yogulitsa zida zomangira yomwe yakhala ikupereka mayankho a makina omangira kwa zaka 30.
Makina ozungulira msewu angawoneke osavuta patali: ng'oma yolemera imayenda patsogolo, pamwamba pake pamawoneka ngati pathyathyathya, ndipo aliyense akuyembekeza kuti msewuwo udzadziyendetsa bwino pambuyo pake. Komabe, pa ntchito yeniyeni yomanga, kukanikiza sikungokhudza mawonekedwe okha. Chozungulira chimawonjezera kuchuluka kwa zinthu mwa kugwiritsa ntchito kupanikizika, kugwedezeka, kukanda, kukhudza kapena kuphatikiza mphamvu izi, kotero makina oyenera amadalira zinthuzo ndi njira yokanikiza yomwe ikufunika. Malinga ndi Malo Oyendera ku Kentucky , kukanikizana kungatheke kudzera mu kupanikizika, kugwedezeka, kukanda, kugwedezeka kapena mphamvu zophatikizana. Pa ntchito ya phula, izi ndizofunikira chifukwa Ulamuliro wa Misewu Yaikulu ya Federal akunena kuti kuwonjezeka kwa 1 peresenti kwa kuchuluka kwa phula m'misewu kungapangitse kuti nthawi yogwirira ntchito ya misewu ikhale yochepera 10 peresenti.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake kusankha roller ya msewu malinga ndi kukula kapena mtengo wokha ndikoopsa. Malo okonzera ang'onoang'ono, malo oimika magalimoto, malo osungiramo zinthu m'ngalande ndi maziko a msewu zonse zingafunike kukanikizana, koma sizifunikira kompaktara imodzi. Makina abwino kwambiri ndi omwe amagwirizana ndi zida zogwirira ntchito, malo omwe alipo, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zikufunika, mawonekedwe a pamwamba komanso magwiridwe antchito a tsiku ndi tsiku. Mwanjira ina, ntchitoyo iyenera kusankha roller, osati mosiyana.
Makina ozungulira msewu ndi makina ogwirizira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonjezera kuchulukana ndi kukhazikika kwa phula, dothi, miyala kapena zinthu zosakaniza. Kuchulukana kwabwino kumathandiza kuchepetsa kukhazikika, ming'alu, ming'alu ndi kuyenda kwa pamwamba pambuyo pomanga. Pa phula, kuchulukana ndikofunikira kwambiri chifukwa mpweya wopanda kanthu umakhudza mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito a msewu. Pavement Yogwirizana Akuti phula losakanikirana ndi kutentha kwambiri nthawi zambiri limagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri ngati mpweya uli pakati pa 3 peresenti ndi 8 peresenti, kulimbitsa mphamvu, nthawi yotopa, kulimba, kukana kugwedezeka, kukana kugwedezeka ndi kuvulala kwa chinyezi.
Kwa ogula, izi zikutanthauza kuti chopukutira si makina ongomaliza okha. Ndi gawo la unyolo wowongolera khalidwe. Ngati chopukutira sichingathandize ogwira ntchito kufika pamlingo wofunikira chisanazizire, kuuma kapena kutaya mphamvu yogwirira ntchito, pamwamba pake pakhoza kuwoneka bwino tsiku loyamba koma ntchito yake siigwira bwino pambuyo pake. Misewu ndi yowunikira oleza mtima; imawonetsa kupsinjika koyipa pang'onopang'ono komanso mokwera mtengo.
A chozungulira cha pamsewu choyenda kumbuyo Ndi yaying'ono, yosavuta kunyamula ndipo ndi yothandiza m'malo opapatiza komwe makina akuluakulu sangatembenuke momasuka. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyenda pansi, m'mphepete mwa misewu, kukonza zigamba, kukonza magalimoto, malo ang'onoang'ono a phula ndi malo osungira ngalande. Chifukwa woyendetsa amayenda kumbuyo kwa makinawo, kuwoneka bwino m'mphepete ndi zopinga kumakhala bwino. Kusinthana ndi ntchito yabwino. Pamalo otseguka akuluakulu, chitsanzo choyenda kumbuyo chingathe kumaliza ntchitoyo, koma woyendetsa angayambe kumva kuti malowo afalikira pang'onopang'ono usiku wonse.
Chogudubuza cha msewu cha double drum , chomwe chimatchedwanso tandem roller, chili ndi ng'oma zachitsulo kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo. Kapangidwe kameneka kamapangitsa kuti malo ogwirira ntchito akhale ofanana ndipo ndi kothandiza kwambiri pomanga phula, malo oimika magalimoto, njira zoyendera njinga, misewu yaying'ono komanso kumaliza malo ogwirira ntchito. Kapangidwe ka ng'oma kosalala kumathandiza kumaliza ndi kukhuthala, ndipo kukhuthala ndi komwe kumawonekera phindu lenileni laukadaulo. Ulamuliro wa Misewu Yaikulu ya Federal lipoti lakuti kuwonjezeka kwa phula ndi 1 peresenti kungathandize kuti munthu azitha kutopa ndi 8 mpaka 44 peresenti komanso kukana kuyenda kwa phula ndi 7 mpaka 66 peresenti.
A roller yokwera pamsewu Zimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri ngati malo ogwirira ntchito ali otseguka mokwanira kuti anthu azidutsa nthawi yayitali. Zimachepetsa kutopa poyenda, zimapangitsa kuti magalimoto aziyenda tsiku ndi tsiku komanso zimathandiza ogwira ntchito kuti aziyenda bwino m'malo oimika magalimoto, m'misewu ya m'matawuni, m'mabwalo amasewera komanso m'mapulojekiti apakatikati. Komabe, chitonthozo sichimangokhala pampando wokha. OSHA imanena kuti zofunikira pakusunga kumva kwa nyumba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene phokoso likupitirira 90 dBA mkati mwa maola 8, kotero kusinthana kwa nthawi yayitali ndi zida zapafupi ziyenera kuganiziridwa pokonzekera chitetezo cha wogwiritsa ntchito.
Ma rollers a ng'oma imodzi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza nthaka, miyala ndi maziko a msewu. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ng'oma imodzi yayikulu yakutsogolo ndi matayala akumbuyo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yolimba komanso yolimba kwambiri m'malo akuluakulu opangira nthaka. Ma rollers a Padfoot amagwiritsa ntchito ma pads okwera kuti akanda nthaka yogwirizana monga dongo, komwe kupanikizika kwa pamwamba kokha sikungakhale kokwanira. Komabe, pa phula, ng'oma yosalala nthawi zambiri imakondedwa, chifukwa ng'oma ya Padfoot ingasiye zizindikiro zomwe palibe woyang'anira malo akufuna kufotokoza panthawi yopereka.
Chopukutira matayala chopumira chimagwiritsa ntchito matayala angapo a rabara kuti chigwiritse ntchito mphamvu yokanda pamwamba. Nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomaliza ndi kutseka phula chifukwa matayalawo amathandiza kutseka malo opanda kanthu komanso kukonza kukhudzana kwa mphasa. Makinawa ndi ofunika kwambiri pa ntchito zazikulu zopakira matayala, ngakhale kuti sapezeka kawirikawiri pantchito yaying'ono yokonza zinthu kuposa ma roller oyenda kumbuyo kapena ogwedezeka ndi ng'oma ziwiri.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ma roller a pamsewu kumadalira kwambiri zomwe zikukanikizidwa. Asphalt nthawi zambiri imafuna kukhudzana bwino ndi ng'oma, kulamulira kugwedezeka ndi njira yopopera madzi kuti ichepetse kuuma. Dothi lozungulira, mchenga ndi miyala nthawi zambiri zimayankha bwino kugwedezeka chifukwa kuyenda kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kumathandiza kuti zinthuzo zikhazikike bwino. Dothi logwirizana monga dongo lingafunike kukanda kuchokera ku roller yozungulira. Musanasankhe roller yozungulira ya phula, akonzi ayeneranso kuwona momwe polojekitiyi imafotokozera kuchulukana, chifukwa Bungwe la Asphalt akufotokoza kuti zolinga za kuchulukana zitha kukhazikitsidwa pa kusakanikirana kopangidwa m'ma laboratories, kuchulukana kwakukulu kwa chiphunzitso kapena kuchulukana kwa mzere wowongolera.
Kukonza misewu yaying'ono, kumanga anthu oyenda pansi pa msewu, ndi ntchito zochepetsera njira zolowera nthawi zambiri zimafuna roller yaying'ono ya msewu kapena roller yoyenda kumbuyo. Malo oimika magalimoto, njira za njinga, ndi misewu ya m'deralo nthawi zambiri zimapindula ndi ng'oma yaying'ono yokhala ndi ng'oma ziwiri kapena roller yogwedezeka yokwera. Ntchito yokonzanso ngalande ndi kukonza zida zingafunike roller ya ngalande kapena makina ena yaying'ono ngati njira yolowera ndi yochepa kwambiri. Roller yayikulu mu ngalande yolimba sikusintha magwiridwe antchito; ndi vuto la nthawi ndi chiwongolero.
Kusankha pakati pa roller yoyenda kumbuyo ndi roller yokwera pamwamba kumadalira kwambiri malo, mwayi wolowera komanso kuchuluka kwa zinthu. Roller yoyenda kumbuyo ndi yabwino kwambiri m'malo opapatiza, m'mphepete, kukonza, ntchito za ngalande ndi malo ang'onoang'ono a phula. Roller yoyenda kumbuyo ndi yabwino kwambiri m'malo akuluakulu otseguka komwe njira zazitali zimathandizira kugwira ntchito bwino ndikuchepetsa kutopa kwa woyendetsa. Ngati malowa ali ndi mipata yambiri, ma hole, zipilala kapena zotchinga, kukula kochepa kumakhala kopindulitsa kwambiri. Ngati malowa ali otseguka ndipo nthawi yake ndi yochepa, kuchuluka kwa anthu okwera pamwamba nthawi zambiri kumapambana.
Kwa ogulitsa ndi makampani obwereka, ichi ndichifukwa chake kusunga roller imodzi yokha sikungathandize makasitomala onse bwino. Gulu lokonza misewu lingafunike chipangizo chowongolera kuti akonze zinthu zochepa, pomwe kontrakitala wokonza misewu angafune roller yoyendetsa misewu iwiri yoyendera m'malo oimika magalimoto ndi misewu ya m'nyumba. Makina osakanikirana ayenera kutsatira zomwe polojekiti ikufuna, osati malo owonetsera okha.
| Chinthu Chogulira | Zoyenera Kuyang'ana | Zolemba za Makampani |
|---|---|---|
| Njira yogwirizira | Onetsetsani ngati zinthuzo zikufunika kukakamizidwa, kugwedezeka, kukanda, kugwedezeka kapena mphamvu yogwirizana. | Kukanikizana kungatheke kudzera mu kupanikizika, kugwedezeka, kukanda, kugwedezeka kapena mphamvu zophatikizana. |
| Kuchuluka kwa phula | Tsimikizirani ngati chozunguliracho chingathandize ogwira ntchito kufika pa cholinga cha kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe akuyenera kugwira ntchitoyo. | FHWA: Kuchuluka kwa phula ndi 1% kungathe kukulitsa moyo wa ntchito ya panjira ndi osachepera 10%. |
| Zotsatira za magwiridwe antchito | Ganizirani kuchulukana kwa zinthu ngati chinthu chofunikira pa ntchito ya msewu, osati kungofunika kumaliza. | FHWA: Kuwonjezeka kwa kachulukidwe ka 1% kungathandize kuti kutopa kugwire bwino ntchito ndi 8%–44% komanso kukana kutopa ndi 7%–66%. |
| Kuwongolera mpweya wopanda kanthu | Onetsetsani ngati kukanikizana kumathandiza kuti mpweya usakhale ndi mpweya wokwanira wa phula. | HMA yokhuthala nthawi zambiri imagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri pakakhala mpweya woipa wa 3%–8%. |
| Kuwonekera phokoso | Ganizirani momwe wogwiritsa ntchito angakhudzire anthu akamadutsa nthawi yayitali komanso akamagwiritsa ntchito zida zapafupi. | OSHA: Kusunga makutu omveka pogwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga kumagwira ntchito yoposa 90 dBA m'maola 8. |
Mukasankha chogwirira ntchito chozungulira msewu , yambani ndi zinthu ndi zotsatira zake zofunika. Pa phula, yang'anani kuchuluka kwa zinthu, makulidwe a mphasa, kutentha kwa ntchito, m'lifupi mwa ng'oma, kulamulira kugwedezeka ndi njira yopopera madzi. Pa zipangizo za granular base, yerekezerani kulemera kwa ntchito, mphamvu ya centrifugal ndi kuchuluka kwa kugwedezeka. Pa nthaka yogwirizana, yang'anani ngati makinawo angapereke mphamvu yokanda m'malo mongokakamiza pamwamba.
Kenako, yang'anani malo enieniwo. Ng'oma yayikulu imapangitsa kuti makinawo azigwira ntchito bwino pokhapokha ngati makinawo akuyenda momasuka. Chozungulira chopapatiza chingapereke phindu labwino pamisewu yoyenda anthu, kukonza zigamba ndi kukonza pang'ono kwa boma chifukwa chimatha kunyamulidwa mosavuta komanso kuyendetsedwa mwachangu. Ogula ayeneranso kuyerekeza kuthekera kokwera, kutembenuka kwa radius, kukula kwa ng'oma, mwayi wopeza chithandizo, zida za injini, malamba, mabearing, zida za hydraulic ndi kupezeka kwa zida zina. NIOSH akulangiza kuchepetsa phokoso kuntchito pogwiritsa ntchito njira monga kugula zida zopanda phokoso komanso kusunga zida zoyenda zopaka mafuta ndi kusamalidwa bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kukonza kukhala gawo lodalirika komanso lotetezeka.
Drum yosalala kapena double drum road roller imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa phula chifukwa imapereka malo ofanana ndipo imathandiza kuti ikhale yosalala. Pakukonza pang'ono, ma walk-behind rollers kapena plate compactors angagwiritsidwe ntchito pamene njira yolowera ndi yochepa.
Choyendetsa msewu choyenda kumbuyo ndi chabwino kwambiri m'malo opapatiza, m'mphepete mwa msewu, m'malo osungiramo ngalande komanso m'malo okonza ang'onoang'ono. Choyendetsa msewu choyenda kumbuyo ndi chabwino kwambiri m'malo akuluakulu otseguka komwe kumafunika njira zazitali komanso zokolola zambiri tsiku ndi tsiku.
Chogudubuza chozungulira msewu chimaphatikiza kulemera kwa makina ndi kugwedezeka kuti chikhale cholimba. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa phula, dothi lozungulira, mchenga, miyala ndi zigawo zapansi pomwe tinthu tating'onoting'ono timafunika kukhazikika mu kapangidwe kokhuthala.
Sankhani malinga ndi mtundu wa zinthu, kuchuluka komwe kukufunika, kukula kwa polojekiti, momwe mungalowere, kukula kwa ng'oma, makina ogwedera, makina amadzi, kulemera kwa ntchito, njira yonyamulira ndi chithandizo cha zida zina. Kuti mupeze njira zoyendetsera misewu ya ACE compact, ogula akhoza kuwonanso ma vibrator oyenda kumbuyo ndi ma roller ogwedezeka a ng'oma ziwiri okwera malinga ndi kukula kwa polojekiti ndi malo ogwirira ntchito.
