Umhlinzeki wemishini yokwakha wezixazululo zemishini yokwakha iminyaka engama-30.
Ulimi
Umhlinzeki wemishini yokwakha wezixazululo zemishini yokwakha iminyaka engama-30.
Ukwazi ukusika i-rebar ngokuphepha akukhona nje ukuqeda insimbi ngokushesha. Endaweni yokwakha ematasa, ukusika ngakunye kuthinta indlela ukuqinisa okungafakwa ngayo, ukuboshwa, ukugoba, ukuhanjiswa kanye nokuhlolwa kahle ngayo ngaphambi kokuba ukhonkolo uthelwe. Imigoqo embalwa emifushane ingaphathwa ngamathuluzi ayisisekelo, kodwa ukusika okuphindaphindiwe kwama-slab, imishayo, amabhuloho, imigudu noma amakheji alungisiwe kudinga indlela elawulwa kakhudlwana. umsiki we-rebar kusiza umqhubi ukusika insimbi ngaphandle kokuthembela kakhulu ezinhlansini, kuma-disc abrasive kanye namandla ezingalweni, kuyilapho egcina inqubo iphindaphindeka kalula kusuka komunye umsebenzi kuya komunye. Lezo yizindaba ezinhle zokukhiqiza, futhi izindaba ezingcono nakakhulu kumuntu ongasadingi ukulwa nensimbi intambama yonke.
Iphutha lokuqala ekusikeni i-rebar ukucabanga ukuthi ububanzi buxoxa yonke indaba. Akunjalo. Ibanga lensimbi lishintsha ukuthi kudinga amandla angakanani ukusika i-bar, ngakho-ke umsiki kufanele akhethwe ngobukhulu be-bar kanye namandla ezinto ezibonakalayo. Ngokusho kuka- I-ASTM A615/A615M , imigoqo yokuqinisa ingaba namazinga okuqina okukhiqiza okungenani angu -40,000 psi, 60,000 psi, 80,000 psi kanye no-100,000 psi . I-rebar yebanga lama-60, enye yezinhlobo ezivamile ezisetshenziswa emsebenzini wekhonkrithi eqinisiwe, inamandla okukhiqiza okungenani angu- 60,000 psi, noma i-420 MPa . Yingakho amandla omshini alinganisiwe kufanele ahlolwe ngokumelene nezinga lensimbi langempela, hhayi ukuqagelwa kusukela kububanzi bebha kuphela.
Izinhlelo zosayizi webha zingadala ukudideka lapho abathengi beqhathanisa imishini kuwo wonke amakethe. Ohlelweni lokufaka izinombolo zebha e-US, inombolo ivame ukumelela amashumi ayisishiyagalombili e-intshi, ngakho-ke i-rebar #4 ingu-0.500 intshi ububanzi obujwayelekile, i-#5 ingu-0.625 intshi kanti i-#8 ingu-1,000 intshi . Kwabakhi, abathengisi kanye nezinkampani zokuqasha, lokhu kubalulekile ngoba umshini wokusika ibha yensimbi kumele ihambisane neshejuli yokuqinisa esetshenziswa kumaphrojekthi angempela, hhayi nje usayizi omkhulu kakhulu ophrintiwe encwajaneni. Uma indawo isebenzisa osayizi abahlukene bamabha ezisekelweni, amakholomu, ama-bridge decks kanye namakheji alungiselelwe kusengaphambili, umsiki kumele akhethwe kulowo msebenzi oxubile.
I-angle grinder ingasika i-rebar uma ifakwe idiski yokusika yensimbi efanele, futhi iwusizo ekusikeni ngezikhathi ezithile, emsebenzini wokulungisa kanye nokulungisa okuncane endaweni. Inzuzo ukuthi ikhiqiza izinhlansi, uthuli, ukushisa nomsindo, futhi umphumela uncike kakhulu ekulawuleni komqhubi. Isimo sesondo, i-angle yokusika kanye nendawo yokuvikela konke kubalulekile. I-OSHA 1926.303 ithi, lapho kudingeka khona izivikelo zamasondo eziklwebhayo, ukuvezwa okuphezulu kwe-angular kwengxenye yesondo lokugaya kanye nezinhlangothi akumele kudlule ku -180° . Ngolimi olulula: isivikelo asiyona imihlobiso. Sikhona ngoba amasondo aklwebhayo aphukile awawi phansi ngenhlonipho.
Isisiki sebholidi silula, sithule futhi siyaphatheka. Asidingi ukunikezwa kwamandla futhi asikhiphi izinhlansi, ezingaba wusizo ezindaweni ezivinjelwe. Kodwa-ke, siwusizo kakhulu kuma-bar amancane obubanzi kanye nokulungiswa kwendawo okulula. Njengoba ububanzi be-bar noma izinga lensimbi likhuphuka, opharetha kumele asebenzise amandla amaningi, futhi ukuphela kokusikwa kungase kuguquke uma isisiki singafanelani nezinto ezibonakalayo. Kumabha ambalwa okukhanya, singasebenza. Ekucutshungulweni kokuqinisa kwansuku zonke, ngokushesha siba uhlelo lokuzivocavoca oluceliwe muntu.
I-An umsiki we-rebar kagesi noma umsiki we-hydraulic rebar ngokuvamile kuyindlela engcono uma umsebenzi uhilela ukusika okuphindaphindiwe, inani elikhulu noma ukulawulwa kokuphepha okuqinile. Ibha ibekwe ngokumelene nokuma, isekelwe kahle futhi inqunywe uhlelo lwe-blade olwenzelwe insimbi yokuqinisa. Lokhu kugcina isenzo sokusika sizinzile futhi kwenza umphumela ungaxhomeki kakhulu emandleni omqhubi ngamunye. Kwabalungisi bensimbi, izitshalo ezilungisiwe kusengaphambili, osonkontileka bamabhuloho, izindawo zokwakha kanye nemikhumbi yokuqasha, lokhu kuphindaphinda kuvame ukuba yigugu kakhulu kunesivinini sodwa. Ukusika okusheshayo kuyasiza; ukusika okusheshayo nokungaguquguquki yikho okugcina ukuhweba okulandelayo kuhamba.
Ukuqhathanisa phakathi kwesikhiphi se-rebar vs isikhiphi se-angle akufanele kwehliswe kube “yiliphi ithuluzi elingasika insimbi?” Zombili zingawenza umsebenzi, kodwa zixazulula izinkinga ezahlukene. Isikhiphi se-angle siyaguquguquka futhi asibizi kakhulu ekusikeni ngezikhathi ezithile, kuyilapho isikhiphi se-rebar siqine kakhulu ekusikeni okuqondile okuphindaphindiwe kwebha yokuqinisa. Lapho amashumi noma amakhulu emishayo kumele asikwe ngobude, isikhiphi se-rebar sivame ukunikeza ukulawula okungcono, ukukhathala okuphansi komqhubi kanye nokusebenza okuhlanzekile ngoba ukunyakaza kokusika kuqinisiwe esikhundleni sokuqondiswa ngesandla.
Umsindo kufanele futhi ucatshangelwe ngaphambi kokukhetha indlela yokusika. Izinga lomsindo wokwakha le-OSHA kudinga ukuvikelwa lapho amazinga omsindo edlula imikhawulo kuThebula D-2, kufaka phakathi i-90 dBA amahora angu-8 , i-95 dBA amahora angu-4 kanye ne -100 dBA amahora ama-2 . Kuma-workshop namayadi alungiselelwe kusengaphambili, Izinga lomsindo elijwayelekile lemboni ye-OSHA isebenzisa futhi isilinganiso sesikhathi esingamahora angu-8 esilinganiselwe sama-dBA angu-85 njengesilinganiso sesenzo sohlelo lokulondolozwa kokuzwa. Ngokwendlela engokoqobo, lapho indawo yokusika iba nomsindo omkhulu, isikhathi esincane abasebenzi abangasichitha lapho ngokuphephile ngaphandle kokuvikelwa kokuzwa okufanele kanye nokuhlela umsindo.
| Hlola Into | Kungani Kubalulekile | Ireferensi Ewusizo |
|---|---|---|
| Usayizi webha | Umsiki kumele afane nobubanzi bangempela obusetshenziswe endaweni. | #4 = 0.500 in, #5 = 0.625 in, #8 = 1.000 in |
| Ibanga lensimbi | Amandla aphezulu okukhiqiza adinga amandla okusika afanele. | Amabanga e-ASTM A615 afaka amazinga okukhiqiza e-psi angu-40,000–100,000 |
| Ukuchayeka emsindweni | Ukukhetha ithuluzi kanye nobude bokushintsha kuthinta ukuvikelwa kokuzwa. | Ireferensi yokwakhiwa kwe-OSHA: 90 dBA amahora angu-8 |
| Ukuvikela amasondo aqinile | Ukuvikela okungalungile kwandisa ingozi yokuxhumana kanye nokuqhekeka kwezicubu. | Ukuvezwa okuphezulu kwesondo akumele kudlule ku-180° lapho kudingeka khona onogada |
Qala ngokuhlola ububanzi be-rebar, izinga lensimbi kanye nobuningi bokusika ngokumelene nomthamo olinganiselwe womshini. umshini wokusika ibha yensimbi endaweni ezinzile, eqondile enesikhala esanele sokudla imigoqo emide ngaphandle kokuyigoba ngendlela engafanele. Indawo yokusebenza kufanele ingabi nama-offcuts akhululekile, amanzi amile, izingozi zokukhubeka kanye nabasebenzi abangadingekile. Imigoqo emide kufanele isekelwe ezinhlangothini zombili zephuzu lokusika ukuze ingawi, ingajiki noma iqhume lapho ukusika sekuqediwe.
Ngaphambi kokusebenza, hlola i-blade, i-guard, i-switch, ikhebula, i-bar stop kanye nama-fixing bolts. Umqhubi kufanele agqoke isivikelo samehlo, amagilavu, izicathulo zokuphepha kanye nesivikelo sokuzwa lapho kudingeka khona. Faka i-rebar endaweni yokusika, gcina izandla kude nendawo ye-blade bese uvula i-cutter ngokwemiyalelo yokusebenza. Ungaphoqi i-bar eceleni, ungasiki ngaphezu komthamo olinganiselwe futhi ungasusi i-offcut kuze kube yilapho i-blade isime ngokuphelele. Uma umshini wehlisa kakhulu, wenza umsindo ongajwayelekile noma ushiya iziphetho zokusika ezisontekile, yima bese uhlola isimo se-blade, ibanga le-bar kanye nomthamo womshini ngaphambi kokuqhubeka. Umshini omuhle wokusika kufanele uzwakale umatasa, hhayi uthukuthele.
Uhlu lokuhlola ukuphepha kokusika i-rebar olusebenzayo kufanele luhlanganise ukuhlonza i-bar, umthamo womshini, isimo se-blade, isimo sesivikelo, ukuphepha kukagesi, ukwesekwa okuzinzile, ukususwa kwe-offcut kanye ne-PPE efanele. Ukuvikelwa kokuzwa kudinga ukunakwa okukhethekile ngoba ukuchayeka emsindweni wokwakha kuvamile. Izibalo zomsindo wokwakhiwa kwe-NIOSH Bika ukuthi ama-52% ezisebenzi zokwakha ezivezwe umsindo athi azigqoki izivikelo zokuzwa, kanti cishe ama-23% ezisebenzi zokwakha ezivivinyiwe ezivezwe umsindo zinokukhubazeka kokuzwa okubonakalayo. Lokhu kwenza ukuhlela umsindo kube yingxenye yendlela yokusika, akuyona into okufanele icatshangelwe kuphela ngemva kokuba izisebenzi seziqalile ukuthethisana ngaphesheya kwegceke.
Ngemva kokusika nokubeka ukuqinisa, amaqembu esayithi kufanele futhi alawule iziphetho zemigoqo eveziwe. I-OSHA 1926.701 kudinga insimbi yokuqinisa evelele abasebenzi abangawela kuyo noma bangene kuyo ukuze baqashwe ukuze kususwe ingozi yokubethelwa. Leli phuzu kulula ukulikhohlwa uma wonke umuntu egxile ekukhiqizeni, kodwa i-rebar yokusika ayiphephile ngoba nje umsebenzi wokusika usuphelile. Izinsimbi zokuqala, ukuqinisa i-slab, iziphetho zekheji kanye nezindawo zokuqinisa eziminyene konke kudinga ukunakwa ngaphambi kokuba abasebenzi baqhubeke nokuhamba endaweni.
Ukukhetha umshini wokusika i-rebar ofanele kuqala ngobubanzi obukhulu bebha, izinga lensimbi kanye nomthamo wokusika wansuku zonke. Usonkontileka omncane angadinga umshini wokusika i-rebar kagesi ophathwayo ukuze alungiswe indawo, kuyilapho igceke lokucubungula ukuqinisa lingadinga umshini oqinile onomkhiqizo ophezulu kanye nelungiselelo lokuphakela eliqinile. Abathengi kufanele futhi baqhathanise ukuphakela ngesandla, amadivayisi osayizi, ukusebenza okuzenzakalelayo noma okuzenzakalelayo, ukushintshwa kwe-blade, izindawo zokugcoba, ukufinyelela kokulungisa kanye nokutholakala kwezingxenye ezisele.
Ngokwakhiwa kwebhuloho, amaphrojekthi emigudu, izisekelo zokwakha kanye nomsebenzi wokuqinisa kusengaphambili, umshini wokusika i-rebar ozinikele uthuthukisa ukuhamba komsebenzi ngoba imigoqo inganqunywa ibe yinde ngaphambi kokugoba, ukubopha noma ukuhlanganisa ikheji. Umshini ohlakaniphe kakhulu awusiwona nje osindayo, oshibhile noma ochaza kakhulu ukuthengisa. Ngumshini wokusika ohambisana nesheduli yokuqinisa, ikhono lomqhubi, ukunikezwa kwamandla, isidingo sokuhamba kanye nekhono lokulungisa indawo yomsebenzi. Yileyo ndlela osonkontileka abasika ngayo ngokushesha ngaphandle kokuguqula ukuphepha kube yinto yokucabanga kamuva.
Indlela ephephile kakhulu ukusebenzisa ithuluzi elilinganiswe ububanzi be-rebar kanye nezinga lensimbi, ukusekela i-bar kahle, ukugcina izandla kude nendawo yokusika bese ugqoka i-PPE efanelekile. Uma usika ngokuphindaphindiwe, i-PPE ezinikele umsiki we-rebar ngokuvamile kuzinzile futhi kuyahambisana kunezindlela zokusika ezenziwe ngokungenhloso.
Yebo, umshini wokugaya i-angle ungasika i-rebar ngediski efanele kanye nokuvikela, kodwa ukhiqiza izinhlansi, umsindo, ukushisa kanye nothuli oluhlabayo. Kuyasebenza ekusikeni ngezikhathi ezithile, kanti umshini wokusika i-rebar uvame ukuba ngcono ekusikeni okuphindaphindiwe endaweni yokwakha.
Hlola ububanzi obukhulu bokusika, ukuhambisana kwesigaba sensimbi, umthombo wamandla, uhlobo lwe-blade, imodi yokusebenza, ukufinyelela kokulungisa, ukuhlinzekwa kwezingxenye ezisele nokuthi umshini uyawafanela yini amaphrojekthi akho okwakha ajwayelekile.
Isisiki sikagesi se-rebar sivame ukuba lula emsebenzini ojwayelekile kanye nemisebenzi yokusika ephakathi nendawo. Isisiki sikagesi se-hydraulic rebar sivame ukufaneleka kakhulu uma kudingeka imigoqo emikhulu, ukusika okuvamile noma amandla okusika aqinile.
