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Mupi wezvishandiso zvekuvaka kwemakore makumi matatu.
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Mupi wezvishandiso zvekuvaka kwemakore makumi matatu.
Muchina unotenderera mugwagwa unogona kutaridzika zviri nyore uri kure: dhiramu rinorema rinofamba mberi, pamusoro paro panoita sepakanaka, uye munhu wese anotarisira kuti mugwagwa uchazvibata gare gare. Zvisinei, mubasa rekuvaka chairo, kumanikidzana hakusi kungotarisa chitarisiko chete. Roller inowedzera huwandu hwezvinhu nekushandisa kumanikidza, kudedera, kukanya, kurovera kana musanganiswa wemasimba aya, saka muchina wakakodzera unoenderana nezvinhu uye mashandiro ekumanikidza anodiwa. Zvichienderana neizvi, Nzvimbo yekufambisa yeKentucky , kusimba kunogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nekumanikidzwa, kudedera, kukanya, kurovera kana masimba akabatanidzwa. Pabasa reasphalt, izvi zvinokosha nekuti Kutarisirwa Kwemigwagwa Yehurumende inotaura kuti kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwenzira dzeasphalt dziri panzvimbo imwe chete kunogona kuwedzera hupenyu hwenzira dzeasphalt ne10 muzana.
Ndosaka kusarudza roller yemugwagwa nehukuru kana mutengo chete kune njodzi. Nzvimbo diki yekugadzirisa, nzvimbo yekupaka mota, nzvimbo yekudzosera gomba uye nzvimbo yemugwagwa zvese zvingada kumanikidzwa, asi hazvidi compactor imwe chete. Muchina wakanakisa ndeunoenderana nezvinhu zvekushanda, nzvimbo iripo, huwandu hwechinangwa, kupedzisa kwenzvimbo uye kugona kwezuva nezuva. Nemamwe mashoko, basa rinofanira kusarudza roller, kwete zvakasiyana.
Muchina wekugadzira migwagwa unogoka muchina unoshandiswa kuwedzera huwandu hweasphalt, ivhu, matombo kana zvinhu zvakasanganiswa. Huremu huri nani hunobatsira kuderedza kugara zvakanaka, makumbo, kutsemuka uye kufamba kwenzvimbo mushure mekuvakwa. Kune asphalt, huwandu hwemhepo hunonyanya kukosha nekuti mhepo inokanganisa mashandiro emugwagwa. Kubatana kwePavement anoti asphalt ine mazinga akadzika inowanzoita zvakanaka kana mhepo isina chinhu iri pakati pe3 muzana ne8 muzana, zvichienzanisa simba, nguva yekuneta, kugara kwenguva refu, kuramba kumhanya, kuramba kufamba-famba uye kuramba kukuvara kwehunyoro.
Kune vatengi, izvi zvinoreva kuti roller haisi muchina wekupedzisa chete. Inhengo yecheni yekudzora hunhu. Kana roller isingakwanise kubatsira vashandi kusvika pahuwandu hunodiwa zvinhu zvisati zvatonhora, zvaoma kana kurasikirwa nekushanda, pamusoro payo panogona kutaridzika zvakanaka pazuva rekutanga asi hazvishande zvakanaka gare gare. Migwagwa inoongororwa nemwoyo murefu; inoratidza kusimba kwakashata zvishoma nezvishoma uye zvinodhura.
A roller yemugwagwa inofamba-famba Yakaoma, iri nyore kutakura uye inobatsira munzvimbo dzakamanikana uko michina mikuru isingakwanise kutenderera zvakasununguka. Inowanzoshandiswa pakufamba netsoka, mipendero yemigwagwa, kugadzira mapango, kugadzirisa magwagwa, nzvimbo diki dzeasphalt uye nzvimbo dzekuisa gomba. Nekuti mushandi anofamba ari kumashure kwemuchina, kuonekwa kwakatenderedza mipendero nezvipingamupinyi kwakanaka. Kuchinjana kunobatsira. Panzvimbo yakakura yakavhurika, modhi inogona kupedzisa basa, asi mushandi anogona kutanga kunzwa kuti nzvimbo yacho yakura chinyararire husiku hwese.
Roller yemugwagwa ine madhiramu maviri , inonziwo tandem roller, ine madhiramu esimbi kumberi nekumashure. Dhizaini iyi inoita kuti pave nekubatana kwakaenzana pamusoro uye inonyanya kubatsira pakukochekera asphalt, nzvimbo dzekupaka mota, nzira dzemabhasikoro, migwagwa midiki uye kupedzisa pamusoro. Kurongeka kwemadhiramu kwakapfava kunobatsira pakupedzisa nekuwanda, uye kuwanda ndipo panoonekwa kukosha kweinjiniya chaiko. Kutarisirwa Kwemigwagwa Yehurumende inoshuma kuti kuwedzera kwehuwandu hweasphalt ne1 muzana kunogona kuwedzera kushanda kwekuneta ne8 kusvika 44 muzana uye kuramba kumhanya kwetsoka ne7 kusvika 66 muzana.
A roller yemugwagwa inotasva inoshanda zvakanyanya kana nzvimbo yekushandira yakavhurika zvakakwana kuti vanhu vagone kufamba kwenguva refu. Inoderedza kuneta nekufamba, inovandudza kubuda kwezuva nezuva uye inobatsira vashandi kuchengetedza maitiro akafanana ekutenderera munzvimbo dzekupaka mota, migwagwa yemumba, nzvimbo dzemitambo uye mapurojekiti epakati nepakati. Zvisinei, kunyaradzwa hakusi kwechigaro chete. OSHA inoti zvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza kunzwa kwekuvaka zvinoshanda kana ruzha rwuchipfuura 90 dBA mukati memaawa masere, saka kutenderera kwenguva refu nemidziyo iri pedyo zvinofanirwa kufungwa nezvazvo pakuronga dziviriro yemushandi.
Madhiramu rimwe chete anowanzo shandiswa pakugadzira ivhu, majecha uye migwagwa. Anowanzo shandiswa nemadhiramu rimwe chete guru repamberi nerekumashure, zvichiita kuti pave nekusimba uye kusimba kwakadzika munzvimbo dzakakura dzekugadzira ivhu. Madhiramu ePadfoot anoshandisa madhiramu akasimudzwa kukanya ivhu rakafanana nevhu, uko kumanikidzwa kwenzvimbo chete kungasakwana. Asi kune asphalt, dhiramu rakatsetseka rinowanzo shandiswa, nekuti dhiramu rePadfoot rinosiya zviratidzo zvisina maneja wenzvimbo anoda kutsanangura panguva yekupihwa.
Chinotenderera matai chinoshandisa simba rekushandisa tambo dzemagetsi (pneumatic tyre roller) chinoshandisa matai akawanda erabha kuti chishandise simba rekukanya pamusoro. Chinowanzo shandiswa pakupedzisa nekuvhara asphalt nekuti matai aya anobatsira kuvhara nzvimbo dzisina chinhu uye kuvandudza kubatana kwematanda. Michina iyi inokosha pamapurojekiti makuru ekugadzira mapaipi, kunyangwe isingawanzoitiki pabasa rekugadzirisa diki pane ma "compact walk-behind" kana ma "double drum vibratory rollers".
Kushandiswa kweRoad roller kunoenderana zvakanyanya nezviri kumanikidzwa. Asphalt inowanzoda kubatana kwemadhiramu zvakanaka, kudzora kudedera uye sisitimu yekupfapfaidza mvura kuti isanyanya kunamira. Ivhu rakacheneruka, jecha nejecha zvinowanzo pindura zvakanaka kana zvinhu zvikadedera nekuti kufamba kwezvidimbu kunobatsira kuti zvinhu zvigare zvakanaka. Ivhu rakabatana rakaita sevhu rinogona kuda kukanyiwa kubva padfoot roller. Vasati vasarudza asphalt compaction roller, makondirakiti vanofanirawo kutarisa kuti purojekiti inotsanangura sei density, nekuti Sangano reAsphalt inotsanangura kuti zvinangwa zvehuwandu hwevanhu zvinogona kunge zvichibva pamusanganiswa wakakomberedzwa murabhoritari, huwandu hwepamusoro hwedzidziso kana huwandu hwemidziyo yekudzora.
Kugadziriswa kwemigwagwa midiki, kuvaka nzira dzevafambi uye mabasa ekupinda mumigwagwa midiki zvinowanzo shandiswa neroller diki yemugwagwa kana roller yekufamba-famba. Nzvimbo dzekupaka mota, nzira dzemabhasikoro nemigwagwa yemumba zvinowanzo batsirwa neroller ine dhiramu mbiri kana roller inodzungunyika. Basa rekugadzirisa trench backfill uye rekushandisa rinogona kuda roller yemumugwagwa kana mumwe muchina mudiki kana kupinda kwacho kwakaoma. Roller hombe mugomba rakasimba harisi dambudziko rekuvandudza kugadzirwa; idambudziko rekugadzirisa hurongwa hwemotokari.
Sarudzo pakati pe "walk-behind road roller" ne "ride-on" inonyanya kuenderana nenzvimbo, mukana wekupinda uye kugona. "Walk-behind rollers" dziri nani panzvimbo dzakamanikana, mipendero, kugadziriswa, mabasa emugero uye nzvimbo diki dzeasphalt. "Ride-on rollers" dziri nani kunzvimbo dzakakura dzakashama uko nzira refu dzinovandudza kushanda zvakanaka uye dzinoderedza kuneta kwemushandisi. Kana nzvimbo yacho iine miganhu yakawanda, manhole, makoramu kana zvipingamupinyi, saizi shoma inova yakakosha. Kana nzvimbo yacho yakavhurika uye purogiramu yacho iri shoma, kugona kwe "ride-on" kunowanzo budirira.
Kune vatengesi nemakambani ekurenda, ndosaka kutakura roller imwe chete kungasabatsira mutengi wese zvakanaka. Vashandi vanogadzira migwagwa vangada imwe nzvimbo yekugadzirira migwagwa yakamanikana, nepo kontrakita wekugadzira paving angada roller yemigwagwa ine madhiramu maviri panzvimbo dzekupaka mota nemigwagwa yezvivakwa. Muchina uyu unofanirwa kutevedzera zvinodiwa neprojekiti yemunharaunda, kwete nzvimbo yekuratidzira chete.
| Chinhu Chekutenga | Zvekutarisa | Referensi yeIndasitiri |
|---|---|---|
| Maitiro ekumanikidza | Tarisa kana chinhu chacho chichida kumanikidzwa, kudedera, kukanya, kurovera kana simba rakabatana. | Kudzvinyirirwa kunogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nekumanikidzwa, kudedera, kukwiza, kurovera kana kusanganisa simba. |
| Kuwanda kweasphalt | Simbisa kana roller ichigona kubatsira vashandi kusvika pachinangwa chehuwandu hweprojekiti. | FHWA: Kuwanda kweasphalt ne1% kunogona kuwedzera hupenyu hwebasa remugwagwa ne10%. |
| Mhedzisiro yekushanda | Funga nezvekuwanda kwenzvimbo yacho sechinhu chinobatsira pakushanda kwemugwagwa, kwete kungoda kupedzisa chete. | FHWA: Kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwe1% kunogona kuwedzera kushanda kwekuneta ne8%–44% uye kuramba kurutsa ne7%–66%. |
| Kudzora mhepo isina chinhu | Tarisa kana kudzvanywa kwacho kuchitsigira nzvimbo inodiwa yeasphalt air-void. | HMA yakakora yakawanda inowanzoita zvakanaka kana paine mhepo isina chinhu iri pakati pe3%–8%. |
| Kuratidzwa kweruzha | Funga nezvekusangana kwemushandi panguva yekupfuura kwenguva refu uye kushanda kwemidziyo iri pedyo. | OSHA: kuchengetedza kunzwa kwekuvaka kunoshanda pamusoro pe90 dBA mumaawa masere. |
Pakusarudza road roller compactor , tanga nezvinhu uye mhedzisiro yekusimbaradza inodiwa. Kana uchida asphalt, tarisa hunhu hwe density, ukobvu hwemat, tembiricha yekushanda, upamhi hwedhiramu, vibration control uye water spray system. Kana uchida granular base materials, enzanisa huremu hwekushanda, centrifugal force uye vibration frequency. Kana uchida cohesive ivhu, tarisa kana muchina uchigona kupa kneading action kwete surface pressure chete.
Tevere, tarisa nzvimbo yacho pachayo. Drum yakakura inovandudza kugona kwemuchina chete kana muchina wacho uchikwanisa kufamba wakasununguka. Roller diki inogona kupa kukosha kuri nani panzira dzevanofamba netsoka, mabasa ekunamira zvigamba uye kugadzirisa kudiki kwemaguta nekuti inogona kutakurwa zviri nyore uye nekukurumidza. Vatengi vanofanirawo kuenzanisa kugona kwayo kukwira, kutenderera kweredhiyo, upamhi hwedrum, mukana webasa, zvikamu zveinjini, mabhandi, mabheringi, zvikamu zvehydraulic uye kuwanikwa kwezvikamu zvespare. NIOSH inokurudzira kuderedza ruzha rwebasa kuburikidza nematanho akadai sekutenga michina isina ruzha uye kuchengetedza zvikamu zvinofamba zvakazorwa mafuta uye zvakachengetedzwa zvakanaka, izvo zvinoita kuti kugadzirisa kuve chikamu chekuvimbika uye kuchengetedzeka.
Drum rakatsetseka kana kuti double drum road roller rinowanzoshandiswa pakugadzira asphalt nekuti rinoita kuti pave nekubatana kwakaenzana pamusoro pevhu uye rinobatsira kuti pave nekupera kwakatsetseka. Pakugadzirisa kudiki, ma walk-behind rollers kana plate compactors zvinogona kushandiswa kana paine mukana wakaganhurirwa wekupinda.
Chinotenderera mumugwagwa chinofamba-famba zvakanaka panzvimbo dzakamanikana, mipendero yemugwagwa, nzvimbo dzekuisa migwagwa yakavharirwa uye mabasa madiki ekugadzirisa. Chinotenderera mumugwagwa chinofamba-famba zvakanaka kunzvimbo dzakakura dzakashama uko nzira dzakareba dzinodiwa uye kugadzirwa kwepamusoro kwezuva nezuva kunodiwa.
Chinotenderera chinotenderera chinotenderera chinosanganisa huremu hwemuchina nekudengenyeka kuti chiwedzere kusimba. Chinowanzo shandiswa paasphalt, ivhu rakachekwa, jecha, matombo nematombo epasi apo zvidimbu zvinoda kugara muchimiro chakaoma.
Sarudza zvichienderana nerudzi rwezvinhu, huwandu hunodiwa, saizi yeprojekiti, mamiriro ekupinda, upamhi hwedhiramu, sisitimu yekudedera, sisitimu yemvura, huremu hwekushanda, nzira yekufambisa uye rutsigiro rwezvikamu zvekuchengetedza. Kune sarudzo dzeACE compact road roller, vatengi vanogona kuongorora maroller evibrator anofamba-famba uye madhiramu maviri anotenderera anotenderera zvichienderana nehukuru hweprojekiti nenzvimbo yekushandira.
