Te Whakanuia Matauranga Hua
He kaiwhakarato taputapu hanga mō ngā mīhini hanga mō ngā tau 30.
Reo
He kaiwhakarato taputapu hanga mō ngā mīhini hanga mō ngā tau 30.
Ahakoa te āhua māmā noa iho o tētahi mīhini roera rori mai i tawhiti: ka neke whakamua tētahi pahu taumaha, ka papatahi te mata, ā, e tumanako ana te katoa ka pai te āhua o te rori i muri mai. Heoi, i roto i ngā mahi hanga tūturu, ehara i te mea ko te āhua anake te whakakīkī. Ka whakanui ake te roera i te mātotoru o ngā rauemi mā te pēhanga, te wiri, te pokepoke, te pānga, te whakakotahitanga rānei o ēnei kaha, nō reira, ko te mīhini tika e whakawhirinaki ana ki te rauemi me te tikanga whakakīkī e hiahiatia ana. E ai ki te Te Pokapū Waka o Kentucky , ka taea te whakakīkī mā te pēhanga, te wiri, te pokepoke, te pānga, te whakakotahi rānei i ngā kaha. Mō te mahi uku, he mea nui tēnei nā te mea ko te Te Whakahaere Huarahi Matua e kī ana mā te 1 ōrau te pikinga o te mātotoru o te papa uku kei te tū ka roa ake te roa o te ratonga papa mā te 10 ōrau pea.
Koia te take he mea mōrearea te whiriwhiri i tētahi roera rori mā te rahi, mā te utu rānei anake. Tērā pea me whakakīkī te wāhi whakatikatika iti, te papa waka, te whakakī i te awaawa me te turanga rori, engari kāore e hiahiatia he miihini whakakīkī kotahi. Ko te mīhini pai rawa atu ko te mea e ōrite ana ki te rauemi mahi, te wāhi e wātea ana, te matotoru e hiahiatia ana, te mutunga o te mata me te hua o ia rā. Arā, me whiriwhiri te mahi i te roera, kaua ko te huarahi kē.
He mīhini whakakīkī te mīhini roera rori hei whakanui ake i te kiato me te pumau o te uku, te oneone, te kirikiri, ngā rauemi turanga whakauru rānei. Mā te kiato pai ake ka āwhina i te whakaiti i te taunga, te pakaru, te ngatata me te nekehanga o te mata i muri i te hanganga. Mō te uku, he mea tino nui te kiato nā te mea ka pā tika ngā āputa hau ki te mahi o te papa. Te Taunekeneke o te Ara e kī ana ko te tikanga he pai ake te mahi a te uku wera kua whakakōpikopikohia ina kei waenga i te 3 ōrau me te 8 ōrau ngā āputa hau, e whakataurite ana i te kaha, te roa o te ora o te ngenge, te pakari, te ātete ki te rere, te ātete ki te ruirui me te ātete ki te kino o te makuku.
Ki ngā kaihoko, ko te tikanga o tēnei ehara te roera i te mīhini whakaoti noa iho. He wāhanga ia o te mekameka whakahaere kounga. Ki te kore e taea e te roera te āwhina i te kapa kia eke ki te matotoru e hiahiatia ana i mua i te whakamatao, te maroke, te ngaro rānei o te kaha mahi o te rauemi, tera pea ka pai te āhua o te mata i te rā tuatahi engari ka ngoikore te mahi i muri mai. He manawanui ngā kaitirotiro rori; ka kitea mārire, ka nui hoki te utu o te whakakīkī kino.
He roera rori hikoi-muri He iti, he ngāwari ki te kawe, ā, he whai hua i ngā wāhi whaiti e kore e taea e ngā mīhini nunui te huri noa. He mea whakamahi noa mō ngā ara hikoi, ngā taha o te rori, te whakapiri, te whakatika i ngā ara waka, ngā wāhi uku iti me te whakakī anō i te awaawa. Nā te mea e hikoi ana te kaiwhakahaere i muri i te mīhini, he pai te tirohanga ki ngā taha me ngā arai. Ko te painga ko te hua. I runga i te mata tuwhera nui, ka taea e te tauira hikoi-i muri te whakaoti i te mahi, engari ka tīmata pea te kaiwhakahaere ki te whakaaro kua whānui haere te papa i te pō kotahi.
He roera rori takirua , e kiia ana hoki he roera takirua, he rino ngā pahu i mua me muri. Mā tēnei hoahoa ka ōrite te pa o te mata, ā, he tino whai hua mō te whakakīkī uku, ngā papa waka, ngā ara pahikara, ngā rori iti me te whakaotinga mata. Mā te whakatakotoranga o te pahu maeneene ka āwhina i te whakaotinga me te mātotoru, ā, ko te mātotoru te wāhi e puta ai te uara hangarau tūturu. Ko te Te Whakahaere Huarahi Matua E ai ki te pūrongo, mā te 1 ōrau te pikinga o te mātotoru o te uku ka taea te whakapai ake i te mahi ngenge mā te 8 ki te 44 ōrau, me te ātete ki te rutting mā te 7 ki te 66 ōrau.
He roera rori eke-i-runga He pai ake te whai huatanga ina tuwhera te wāhi mahi mō ngā haerenga hurihuri roa. Ka whakaiti i te ngenge o te hikoi, ka whakapai ake i te putanga o ia rā, ā, ka āwhina i ngā kaiwhakahaere ki te pupuri i tētahi tauira hurihuri ōrite ake i ngā wāhi waka, i ngā rori o te whenua, i ngā papa tākaro me ngā kaupapa whariki rahi-waenga. Heoi, ehara i te mea ko te nohoanga anake te mea e pā ana ki te whakamarie. OSHA e kī ana ka pāngia te hunga whakarongo e ngā whakaritenga tiaki rongonga hangahanga ina neke atu i te 90 dBA te haruru i roto i te wā 8-hāora, nō reira me whai whakaaro ki ngā huringa hurihuri roa me ngā taputapu tata i te wā e whakamahere ana i te tiakitanga o te kaiwhakahaere.
He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā roera kotahi mō te whakarite oneone, kirikiri me te turanga rori. Kotahi te roera nui o mua me ngā potae o muri, e whakarato ana i te kaha ki te kume me te kaha ki te whakakī hohonu ake i ngā wāhi mahi oneone nui ake. Ka whakamahia e ngā roera papa waewae ngā papa teitei hei pokepoke i te oneone piripono pērā i te uku, i ngā wāhi kāore pea e ranea te pēhanga mata anake. Heoi, mō te uku, he pai ake te whakamahi i te roera maeneene, nā te mea ka waiho e te roera papa waewae he tohu e kore e hiahiatia e tetahi kaiwhakahaere o te papa te whakamārama i te wā tuku.
Ka whakamahia e te roera potae hau ngā potae rapa maha hei pēhi i te pēhanga ki te mata. He maha te whakamahinga mō te whakaoti me te hiri i te uku nā te mea ka āwhina ngā potae ki te kati i ngā āputa o te mata me te whakapai ake i te pa ki te whāriki. He mea nui ēnei mīhini mō ngā kaupapa whariki nui ake, ahakoa he iti ake te kitea i roto i ngā mahi whakatikatika iti atu i ngā roera wiri hikoi-muri iti, ngā roera wiri rua-pahu rānei.
Ko te whakamahinga o ngā roera rori e whakawhirinaki ana ki te mea e whakakīkītia ana. Ko te tikanga, me māeneene te pa o te pūwero ki te uku, me te whakahaere wiri, me te pūnaha rehu wai hei whakaiti i te piri. He pai te urupare a te oneone kirikiri, te onepu me te kirikiri ki te wiri nā te mea ka āwhina te nekehanga o ngā matūriki ki te tau ki roto i te hanganga matotoru. Ko te oneone piripono pērā i te uku, me pokepoke pea mai i te roera waewae papa. I mua i te whiriwhiri i te roera whakakīkī uku, me tirotiro hoki e ngā kaimahi kirimana te tautuhi a te kaupapa i te matotoru, nā te mea ko te Te Whare Wānanga Āpara e whakamārama ana ko ngā whāinga kiato ka ahu mai pea i te ranunga kiato taiwhanga, te kiato ariā mōrahi, te kiato rīpene whakahaere rānei.
Ko te whakatikatika rori iti, te hanga ara hikoi me ngā mahi urunga whaiti he maha ngā wā ka pai ake te whakamahi i tētahi roera rori iti , i tētahi roera hikoi-muri rānei. Ko ngā papa waka, ngā ara pahikara me ngā rori whenua he maha ngā wā ka whai hua mai i tētahi pūoro takirua kiato, he roera wiri eke-runga rānei. Ko ngā mahi whakakī awaawa me ngā mahi whakatika ratonga, me whakamahi pea i tētahi roera awaawa, i tētahi atu mīhini kiato rānei mēnā he tino herea te urunga. Ehara i te mea he whakapai ake i te hua te roera nui i roto i tētahi awaawa kikī; he raruraru whakaritenga me te wira urungi.
Ko te kōwhiringa i waenga i te roera rori hikoi-muri me te roera eke-runga e whakawhirinaki ana ki te wāhi, te urunga me te hua. He pai ake ngā roera hikoi-muri mō ngā wāhi whaiti, ngā taha, ngā whakatikatika, ngā mahi awaawa me ngā papa uku iti. He pai ake ngā roera eke-runga mō ngā wāhi tuwhera nui ake, ina pai ake te whai huatanga o ngā haerenga roa, ā, ka whakaiti i te ngenge o te kaiwhakahaere. Mena he maha ngā taha, ngā poka wai, ngā pou, ngā arai rānei o te papa, ka nui ake te uara o te rahi kiato. Mena he tuwhera te papa, ā, he kuiti te kaupapa, ko te hua o te eke-runga te mea pai.
Mō ngā kaihokohoko me ngā kamupene reti, koinei te take kāore pea e pai te pupuri i tētahi momo roera kotahi hei āwhina i ngā kiritaki katoa. Tērā pea ka hiahia te kapa whakatika rori ki tētahi waeine hikoi-muri mō ngā whakatikatika iti, engari ko te kaiwhakatakoto huarahi ka pai ake pea ki tētahi roera rori takirua-taraiwa mō ngā papa waka me ngā rori whenua. Me whai te ranunga mīhini i te tono a te kaupapa ā-rohe, kaua ko te wāhi whakaaturanga anake.
| Take Hoko | Ngā mea hei tirotiro | Tohutoro Ahumahi |
|---|---|---|
| Tikanga whakakīkī | Tirohia mēnā me pēhi, me wiri, me pokepoke, me pā, me whakakotahi rānei te kaha ki te rauemi. | Ka taea te whakakīkī mā te pēhanga, te wiri, te pokepoke, te pānga, te whakakotahi rānei i ngā kaha. |
| Te mātotoru o te uku | Whakaūtia mēnā ka taea e te roera te āwhina i te kapa kia eke ki te whāinga kiato o te kaupapa. | FHWA: Mā te 1% teitei ake o te mātotoru uku ka roa ake te roa o te ratonga o te papa whāriki mā te 10% pea. |
| Pānga mahi | Whakaarohia te mātotoru hei āhuatanga pai mō te mahi o te papa, kaua hei whakaritenga whakaotinga anake. | FHWA: Mā te 1% pikinga o te mātotoru ka whakapai ake i te mahi ngenge mā te 8%–44% me te ātete ki te rutting mā te 7%–66%. |
| Te whakahaere i te korenga o te hau | Tirohia mēnā e tautoko ana te whakakīkī i te awhe hau-kore uku e hiahiatia ana. | Ko te HMA kōeke-kikī ka tino pai te mahi i ngā āputa hau 3%–8%. |
| Te haruru | Whakaarohia te tūponotanga o te kaiwhakamahi i ngā haerenga roa, me te whakamahi i ngā taputapu tata. | OSHA: ka pā te tiaki i te whakarongo hangahanga ki runga ake i te 90 dBA mō ngā haora 8. |
I te wā e whiriwhiri ana i tētahi mīhini whakakīkī rori , tīmata ki te rauemi me te hua whakakīkī e hiahiatia ana. Mō te uku, tirohia te whakatakotoranga kiato, te matotoru o te whāriki, te pāmahana mahi, te whānui o te pahu, te whakahaere wiri me te pūnaha rehu wai. Mō ngā rauemi turanga kirikiri, whakatauritea te taumaha mahi, te kaha whakatere me te auau wiri. Mō te oneone piri, tirohia mēnā ka taea e te mīhini te whakarato i te mahi pokepoke kaua ko te pēhanga mata anake.
Muri iho, tirohia te papaanga tonu. Ka pai ake te hua o te pahu whānui ina taea e te mīhini te neke noa. Tērā pea ka pai ake te uara o te roera iti mō ngā ara hikoi, ngā mahi whakapiri me ngā whakatikatika iti a te tāone nā te mea ka taea te kawe ngāwari me te tere te neke. Me whakataurite hoki e ngā kaihoko te āheinga ki te whakanekeneke, te pūtoro huri, te whānui o te pahu, te urunga ratonga, ngā wāhanga miihini, ngā whitiki, ngā peera, ngā wāhanga waipēhi me te wātea o ngā wāhanga tāpui. NIOSH e taunaki ana kia whakaitihia te pānga o te haruru ki ngā mahi mā roto i ngā mahi pēnei i te hoko taputapu mārie ake me te pupuri kia pania ngā wāhanga neke ki te hinu me te tiaki pai, ā, mā tēnei ka noho ko te tiaki he wāhanga o te pono me te haumaru.
He mea noa te whakamahi i te roera rori pahū maeneene, te roera pahū takirua rānei mō te uku nā te mea ka ōrite te pa o te mata, ā, ka āwhina hoki kia maeneene te whakaotinga. Mō ngā whakatikatika iti, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā roera hikoi-muri, i ngā roera whakakī pereti rānei ina he iti te urunga.
He pai ake te roera rori hikoi-i muri mō ngā wāhi whaiti, ngā taha rori, ngā whakakī-ā-rua me ngā mahi whakatikatika iti. He pai ake te roera rori eke-i runga mō ngā wāhi tuwhera nui ake e hiahiatia ana ngā haerenga roa me te nui ake o te hua o ia rā.
Ka whakakotahi te roera rori wiri i te taumaha mīhini me te wiri hei whakapai ake i te whakakīkī. He mea whakamahi noa mō te uku, te oneone kirikiri, te onepu, te kirikiri me ngā paparanga turanga e hiahia ana kia tau ngā matūriki ki roto i tētahi hanganga kiato ake.
Kōwhiria kia rite ki te momo rauemi, te matotoru e hiahiatia ana, te rahi o te kaupapa, ngā āhuatanga urunga, te whānui o te pahu, te pūnaha wiri, te pūnaha wai, te taumaha whakahaere, te tikanga kawe me te tautoko wāhanga e manawapa ana. Mō ngā kōwhiringa roera rori kiato ACE, ka taea e ngā kaihoko te arotake. ngā roera wiri hikoi-muri me ngā roera wiri rua-pahu eke-i runga e ai ki te rahi o te kaupapa me te wāhi mahi.
