Kampani yogulitsa zida zomangira yomwe yakhala ikupereka mayankho a makina omangira kwa zaka 30.
Chilankhulo
Kampani yogulitsa zida zomangira yomwe yakhala ikupereka mayankho a makina omangira kwa zaka 30.
Kudziwa kudula mipiringidzo ya rebar mosamala sikuti kungokhudza kuthyola chitsulo mwachangu. Pamalo omangapo anthu ambiri, kudula kulikonse kumakhudza momwe kulimbitsa kungakhazikitsire bwino, kumangirira, kupindika, kusuntha ndi kuyang'aniridwa konkire isanatsanulidwe. Mipiringidzo ingapo yaifupi ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zida zoyambira, koma kudula mobwerezabwereza kwa slabs, matabwa, milatho, ngalande kapena makhola okonzedwa kale kumafunika njira yowongoleredwa bwino. chodulira cha rebar Zimathandiza wogwiritsa ntchito kudula zitsulo popanda kudalira kwambiri ma spark, ma disc okhwima ndi mphamvu ya mkono, pomwe zimasunga njira yobwerezabwereza kuchokera kwa wantchito wina kupita kwa wina. Imeneyi ndi nkhani yabwino kwambiri yogwira ntchito, komanso nkhani yabwino kwambiri kwa munthu amene sakufunikanso kulimbana ndi zitsulo masana onse.
Cholakwika choyamba pakudula mipiringidzo ya rebar ndikuganiza kuti kukula kwake kumafotokoza nkhani yonse. Sizili choncho. Kuchuluka kwa chitsulo kumasintha mphamvu zomwe zimafunika kuti mudule mipiringidzo, kotero chodulira chiyenera kusankhidwa potengera kukula kwa mipiringidzo ndi mphamvu ya zinthu. Malinga ndi kafukufukuyu, kukula kwa mipiringidzo ya rebar kumatanthauza kuti kukula kwa mipiringidzo ya rebar kumatanthauza zambiri. ASTM A615/A615M , mipiringidzo yolimbitsa ikhoza kukhala ndi mphamvu yocheperako ya 40,000 psi, 60,000 psi, 80,000 psi ndi 100,000 psi . Giredi 60 rebar, imodzi mwa mipiringidzo yodziwika bwino yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga konkriti yolimbitsa, ili ndi mphamvu yocheperako ya 60,000 psi, kapena 420 MPa . Ichi ndichifukwa chake mphamvu yoyesedwa ya makina iyenera kuyang'aniridwa motsutsana ndi giredi yeniyeni yachitsulo, osati kungoganizira kuchokera pa m'mimba mwake wa mipiringidzo yokha.
Makina a kukula kwa mipiringidzo angayambitsenso chisokonezo pamene ogula akuyerekeza makina m'misika yosiyanasiyana. Mu dongosolo la manambala a mipiringidzo ku US, nambala nthawi zambiri imayimira magawo asanu ndi atatu a inchi, kotero #4 rebar ndi mainchesi 0.500 m'mimba mwake, #5 ndi mainchesi 0.625 ndipo #8 ndi mainchesi 1.000 . Kwa makontrakitala, ogulitsa ndi makampani obwereketsa, izi ndizofunikira chifukwa makina odulira mipiringidzo yachitsulo ziyenera kufanana ndi ndondomeko yolimbikitsira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mapulojekiti enieni, osati kukula kwakukulu kokha komwe kwasindikizidwa mu kabuku. Ngati malowa akugwiritsa ntchito mipiringidzo yosiyanasiyana ya maziko, mizati, ma deki a milatho ndi ma cage okonzedwa kale, choduliracho chiyenera kusankhidwa kuti chigwire ntchito yosakanikirana.
Chopukusira ngodya chimatha kudula rebar ngati chayikidwa ndi diski yoyenera yodulira chitsulo, ndipo ndi chothandiza podula nthawi zina, kukonza ndi kusintha pang'ono pamalopo. Kusinthaku ndikuti kumatulutsa nthunzi, fumbi, kutentha ndi phokoso, ndipo zotsatira zake zimadalira kwambiri momwe woyendetsa amawongolera. Mkhalidwe wa gudumu, ngodya yodulira ndi malo oteteza zonse ndizofunikira. OSHA 1926.303 imanena kuti, pamene zoteteza mawilo okhwima zimafunika, kuwonekera kwakukulu kwa ngodya ya mawilo opukutira ndi mbali zake sikuyenera kupitirira madigiri 180. Mwachidule: choteteza si chokongoletsera. Chilipo chifukwa mawilo okhwima osweka sagwera pansi mwaulemu.
Chodulira cha bolt ndi chosavuta, chodekha komanso chonyamulika. Sichifuna magetsi ndipo sichipanga ma spark, zomwe zingakhale zothandiza m'malo ochepa. Komabe, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa mipiringidzo yaying'ono ya mainchesi ndi kusintha malo opepuka. Pamene mpiringidzo wa mipiringidzo kapena chitsulo chikukwera, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri, ndipo malekezero odulidwawo angawonongeke ngati choduliracho sichikugwirizana ndi zinthuzo. Pa mipiringidzo ingapo yopepuka, imatha kugwira ntchito. Pakukonza zolimbitsa thupi tsiku ndi tsiku, imakhala pulogalamu yolimbitsa thupi yomwe palibe amene anaifuna.
An chodulira chamagetsi cha rebar kapena chodulira cha hydraulic rebar nthawi zambiri chimakhala chisankho chabwino kwambiri pamene ntchitoyo ikuphatikizapo kudula mobwerezabwereza, kuchuluka kwakukulu kapena kuwongolera kolimba kwa chitetezo. Choduliracho chimayikidwa mopingasa, chothandizidwa bwino ndikudulidwa ndi makina a tsamba opangidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito chitsulo cholimbitsa. Izi zimapangitsa kuti kudula kukhale kokhazikika komanso kumapangitsa kuti zotsatira zake zisadalire mphamvu ya wogwiritsa ntchito payekha. Kwa okonza zitsulo, mafakitale okonzedwa kale, makontrakitala a milatho, malo omanga ndi magalimoto obwereka, kubwerezabwereza kumeneku nthawi zambiri kumakhala kopindulitsa kuposa liwiro lokha. Kudula mwachangu ndikothandiza; kudula mwachangu komanso kosasinthasintha ndiko komwe kumapangitsa kuti malonda otsatira ayende bwino.
Kuyerekeza pakati pa chodulira cha rebar ndi chodulira cha ngodya sikuyenera kuchepetsedwa kukhala "chida chiti chomwe chingadule chitsulo?" Zonsezi zimatha kugwira ntchito, koma zimathetsa mavuto osiyanasiyana. Chodulira cha ngodya chimakhala chosinthasintha komanso chotsika mtengo podula nthawi zina, pomwe chodulira cha rebar chimakhala champhamvu podula mobwerezabwereza cholunjika cha chodulira cholimbitsa. Pamene mipiringidzo yambiri kapena mazana iyenera kudulidwa kutalika, chodulira cha rebar nthawi zambiri chimapereka ulamuliro wabwino, kuchepetsa kutopa kwa wogwiritsa ntchito komanso ntchito yoyera chifukwa mayendedwe odulira amakhala okhazikika m'malo motsogozedwa ndi dzanja.
Phokoso liyeneranso kuganiziridwa musanasankhe njira yodulira. Muyezo wa phokoso la zomangamanga wa OSHA imafuna chitetezo pamene kuchuluka kwa mawu kukupitirira malire mu Table D-2, kuphatikizapo 90 dBA kwa maola 8 , 95 dBA kwa maola 4 ndi 100 dBA kwa maola awiri . Pa ma workshop ndi mayadi okonzedwa kale, Muyezo wa phokoso wa OSHA wamakampani onse imagwiritsanso ntchito avareji ya 85 dBA ya maola 8 ngati mulingo wochitira pulogalamu yosamalira kumva. Mwachidule, malo odulira akamakulirakulira, nthawi yochepa yomwe ogwira ntchito angagwiritse ntchito popanda chitetezo chokwanira cha kumva komanso kukonzekera phokoso imachepa.
| Chongani Chinthu | Chifukwa Chake Ndi Chofunika | Buku Lothandiza |
|---|---|---|
| Kukula kwa bala | Choduliracho chiyenera kufanana ndi kukula kwenikweni komwe kwagwiritsidwa ntchito pamalopo. | #4 = 0.500 mkati, #5 = 0.625 mkati, #8 = 1.000 mkati |
| Kalasi yachitsulo | Mphamvu yochuluka yokolola imafuna mphamvu yoyenera yodulira. | Magiredi a ASTM A615 akuphatikizapo milingo ya psi 40,000–100,000 |
| Kuwonekera phokoso | Kusankha chida ndi kutalika kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake kumakhudza chitetezo cha kumva. | Chitsimikizo cha kapangidwe ka OSHA: 90 dBA kwa maola 8 |
| Kuteteza mawilo ozungulira | Kuteteza kosayenera kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha kukhudzana ndi kusweka kwa ziwalo. | Kutentha kwakukulu kwa mawilo sikuyenera kupitirira 180° ngati pali zotetezera zomwe zimafunika |
Yambani poyang'ana kukula kwa rebar, kalasi yachitsulo ndi kuchuluka kwa kudula poyerekeza ndi mphamvu yovomerezeka ya makina. makina odulira mipiringidzo yachitsulo pamalo okhazikika, osalala okhala ndi malo okwanira oti azitha kudyetsa mipiringidzo yayitali popanda kuipinda movutikira. Malo ogwirira ntchito ayenera kukhala opanda mipiringidzo yotayirira, madzi oima, zoopsa zopunthwa ndi antchito osafunikira. Mipiringidzo yayitali iyenera kuthandizidwa mbali zonse ziwiri za malo odulira kuti isagwe, isapotoke kapena kuphulika pamene kudula kwatha.
Musanayambe ntchito, yang'anani tsamba, chishango, switch, chingwe, malo oimikapo ndi ma bolt omangira. Wogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kuvala zoteteza maso, magolovesi, nsapato zotetezera ndi zoteteza kumva ngati pakufunika. Ikani chotchingira m'malo odulira, sungani manja kutali ndi malo a tsamba ndikuyatsa chodulira motsatira malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito. Musakakamize chotchingira m'mbali, musadule mopitirira muyeso ndipo musachotse chotchingira mpaka tsamba litasiya kwathunthu. Ngati makinawo achepetsa kwambiri, akupanga phokoso losazolowereka kapena kusiya malekezero odulira opotoka, imani ndikuyang'ana momwe tsambalo lilili, mulingo wa chotchingira ndi mphamvu ya makina musanapitirize. Chodulira chabwino chiyenera kumveka chotanganidwa, osati chokwiya.
Mndandanda wofunikira wa chitetezo chodulira mipiringidzo uyenera kuphatikizapo kuzindikira mipiringidzo, mphamvu ya makina, momwe tsamba lilili, momwe chishango chilili, chitetezo chamagetsi, chithandizo chokhazikika, kuchotsa mipiringidzo ndi PPE yoyenera. Chitetezo cha kumva chiyenera kusamalidwa kwambiri chifukwa phokoso la nyumbayo ndi lofala. Ziwerengero za phokoso la zomangamanga za NIOSH lipoti kuti 52% ya ogwira ntchito yomanga omwe ali ndi phokoso amanena kuti savala zoteteza kumva, ndipo pafupifupi 23% ya ogwira ntchito yomanga omwe ali ndi phokoso omwe adayesedwa ali ndi vuto la kumva. Izi zimapangitsa kukonzekera phokoso kukhala gawo la njira yodulira, osati chinthu choti chiganizidwe kokha antchito atayamba kufuulirana wina ndi mnzake m'bwalo lonselo.
Pambuyo podula ndi kuyika chilimbikitso, magulu a malo ayeneranso kuyang'anira malekezero a mipiringidzo yowonekera. OSHA 1926.701 Imafuna chitsulo cholimbitsa chomwe antchito angagwerepo kapena kuchiteteza kuti achotse ngozi yopachika. Mfundo imeneyi ndi yosavuta kuinyalanyaza aliyense akamayang'ana kwambiri pakupanga, koma chotchingira chodulidwa sichikhala chotetezeka chifukwa ntchito yodulira yatha. Mipiringidzo yoyambira, chotchingira slab, malekezero a khola ndi malo olimbitsa odzaza onse amafunika chisamaliro antchito asanapitirire kuyenda m'derali.
Kusankha makina oyenera odulira ma rebar kumayamba ndi mulifupi mwake wa bar, chitsulo chapamwamba komanso kuchuluka kwa kudula tsiku ndi tsiku. Kontrakitala wamng'ono angafunike chodulira ma rebar chamagetsi chonyamulika kuti asinthe malo, pomwe malo ogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu angafunike makina olimba okhala ndi ntchito zambiri komanso dongosolo lolimba la kudyetsa. Ogula ayeneranso kuyerekeza kudyetsa ndi manja, zida zoyezera, kugwiritsa ntchito zokha kapena zodziyimira zokha, kusintha tsamba, malo odzola, mwayi wokonza ndi kupezeka kwa zida zina.
Pa ntchito yomanga mlatho, mapulojekiti a ngalande, maziko omangira nyumba, ndi ntchito yolimbitsa zinthu, chodulira chokhazikika cha rebar chimathandiza kuti ntchito iyende bwino chifukwa mipiringidzo imatha kudulidwa kutalika kwake isanapindike, kumangirira kapena kuyika khola. Makina anzeru kwambiri si olemera kwambiri, otsika mtengo kwambiri kapena omwe ali ndi mawu okweza kwambiri ogulitsa. Ndi chodulira chomwe chimagwirizana ndi nthawi yolimbitsa, luso la wogwiritsa ntchito, mphamvu zamagetsi, kufunikira koyenda komanso kuthekera kokonza malo ogwirira ntchito. Umu ndi momwe omanga amadulira mwachangu popanda kusintha chitetezo kukhala chinthu choganizira.
Njira yotetezeka kwambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito chida choyesedwa kukula kwa rebar ndi chitsulo, kuthandizira bwino bar, kusunga manja kutali ndi malo odulira ndikuvala PPE yoyenera. Pa kudula mobwerezabwereza, perekani chodzitetezera. chodulira cha rebar nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokhazikika komanso zogwirizana kuposa njira zodulira mwachisawawa.
Inde, chopukusira ngodya chimatha kudula rebar ndi diski yoyenera komanso chitetezo, koma chimapanga zipsera, phokoso, kutentha ndi fumbi lokhadzula. Ndi yothandiza podula nthawi zina, pomwe chodulira rebar nthawi zambiri chimakhala chabwino podula mobwerezabwereza pamalo omangira.
Chongani kukula kwakukulu kwa kudula, kuyanjana kwa chitsulo, gwero lamagetsi, mtundu wa tsamba, momwe makinawo amagwirira ntchito, mwayi wokonza, kupezeka kwa zida zina komanso ngati makinawo akugwirizana ndi ntchito zanu zanthawi zonse zomanga.
Chodulira chamagetsi nthawi zambiri chimakhala chosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito pamalo onse komanso ntchito zodulira pang'ono. Chodulira cha hydraulic rebar nthawi zambiri chimakhala choyenera kwambiri ngati mipiringidzo yokhuthala, kudula pafupipafupi kapena mphamvu yodulira yamphamvu ikufunika.
