Te Whakanuia Matauranga Hua
He kaiwhakarato taputapu hanga mō ngā mīhini hanga mō ngā tau 30.
Reo
He kaiwhakarato taputapu hanga mō ngā mīhini hanga mō ngā tau 30.
Ko te mōhio ki te tapahi haumaru i te rebar ehara i te mea ko te tere o te whakawhiti i te maitai anake. I runga i te papa hanga pukumahi, ka pā ia tapahi ki te maeneene o te tāutanga, te here, te piko, te neke me te tirotiro i te whakakaha i mua i te ringihanga o te raima. Ka taea te whakahaere i ētahi pae poto me ngā taputapu taketake, engari ko te tapahi anō mō ngā pereti, ngā kurupae, ngā piriti, ngā kauhanga, ngā whare kua oti te hanga me whai tikanga whakahaere ake. tapahi rebar Ka āwhina i te kaiwhakahaere ki te tapahi i te pae rino me te iti ake o te whakawhirinaki ki ngā mura, ngā kōpae whakakoi me te kaha o te ringa, me te pupuri tonu i te tukanga kia taea te mahi anō mai i tētahi kaimahi ki tētahi atu. He rongo pai tēnā mō te hua, ā, he rongo pai ake anō hoki mō te tangata kāore e hiahia ana ki te whawhai ki te rino i te ahiahi katoa.
Ko te hapa tuatahi i te tapahi rebar ko te whakaaro ko te diameter te kōrero katoa. Kāore. Ka whakarerekē te karaehe maitai i te nui o te kaha e hiahiatia ana hei tapahi i te pae, nō reira me whiriwhiri he tapahi i runga i te rahi o te pae me te kaha o te rauemi. E ai ki ASTM A615/A615M , ka taea e ngā pae whakakaha te whai i ngā taumata kaha whakaputa iti rawa o te 40,000 psi, 60,000 psi, 80,000 psi me te 100,000 psi . Ko te pae rino reanga 60, tētahi o ngā reanga e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā mahi raima whakakaha, he kaha whakaputa iti rawa o te 60,000 psi, 420 MPa rānei . Koia te take me tirotirohia te kaha kua whakatauria o te mīhini ki te reanga maitai tuturu, kaua e whakaarohia mai i te diameter o te pae anake.
Ka taea hoki e ngā pūnaha rahi pae te whakapoauau ina whakatauritea e ngā kaihoko ngā mīhini puta noa i ngā mākete. I roto i te pūnaha tau pae o Amerika, ko te tau e tohu ana i te hauwaru o te inihi, nō reira ko te #4 rebar he 0.500 inihi te whānui ingoa, ko te #5 he 0.625 inihi , ā, ko te #8 he 1.000 inihi . Mō ngā kaimahi kirimana, ngā kaihokohoko me ngā kamupene reti, he mea nui tēnei nā te mea he mīhini tapahi pae maitai me ōrite ki te rārangi whakapakari e whakamahia ana i ngā kaupapa tūturu, kaua ko te rahi nui rawa atu i tāia i roto i te pukapuka iti. Mena he rerekē ngā rahi o ngā pae e whakamahia ana e te papaanga mō ngā turanga, ngā pou, ngā papa piriti me ngā whare kua oti te hanga, me whiriwhiri te taputapu tapahi mō taua kawenga mahi whakauru.
Ka taea e te mīhini huri koki te tapahi i te rebar ina whakauruhia ki te kōpae tapahi whakarewa tika, ā, he mea whai hua mō te tapahi i ētahi wā, te mahi whakatika me ngā whakarerekētanga iti i te wāhi. Ko te painga ko te whakaputa i ngā mura, te puehu, te wera me te haruru, ā, ko te hua ka whakawhirinaki nui ki te mana whakahaere a te kaiwhakahaere. He mea nui te āhua o te wira, te koki tapahi me te tūranga tiaki. OSHA 1926.303 e kī ana, mēnā e hiahiatia ana he parenga wira whakakoi, kaua te koki mōrahi o te taha me ngā taha o te wira huri e neke ake i te 180° . I roto i te reo māmā: ehara te parenga i te whakapaipai. Kei reira nā te mea kāore ngā wira whakakoi pakaru e taka mārire ki te papa.
He māmā noa iho te taputapu tapahi pūtu, he marino, he kawe hoki. Kāore e hiahiatia he hiko, ā, kāore e puta he mura ahi, he mea whai hua pea i ngā wāhi iti. Heoi, he mea whai hua mō ngā pae iti te diameter me ngā whakatikatika wāhi māmā ake. I te pikinga ake o te diameter o te pae, o te kounga maitai rānei, me kaha ake te whakamahi a te kaiwhakahaere, ā, ka rerekē pea te pito tapahi mēnā kāore te taputapu tapahi i te pai ki te rauemi. Mō ētahi pae māmā, ka taea te mahi. Mō te tukatuka whakapakari o ia rā, ka tere tonu te noho hei kaupapa whakangungu kāore i tonoa e tetahi.
He tapahi rebar hiko Ko te tapahi rebar waipēhi rānei te mea pai ake ina he maha ngā tapahi, he nui ake ngā rahinga, he kaha ake rānei te whakahaere haumaru. Kei te tū te pae ki te aukati, e tautokona tika ana, ā, e tapahia ana e te pūnaha mata i hangaia mō te maitai whakakaha. Mā tēnei ka pumau ake te mahi tapahi, ā, ka iti ake te whakawhirinaki o te hua ki te kaha o te kaiwhakahaere takitahi. Mō ngā kaiwhakatika maitai, ngā tipu kua oti te hanga, ngā kaihanga piriti, ngā papa hanga me ngā waka reti, he nui ake te uara o tēnei auau i te tere anake. He whai hua te tapahi tere; ko te tapahi tere me te pumau te mea e pupuri ana i te mahi e whai ake nei kia neke haere.
Kaua te whakataurite i waenga i te mīhini tapahi rebar me te mīhini huri koki e whakaitihia ki te "ko tēhea taputapu ka taea te tapahi maitai?" Ka taea e ngā mea e rua te mahi, engari he rerekē ngā raruraru e whakaotihia ana e rāua. He ngāwari te mīhini huri koki, ā, he iti te utu mō ngā tapahi i ētahi wā, ko te mīhini tapahi rebar ia he kaha ake mō ngā tapahi tika tonu o te pae whakakaha. Mēnā me tapahi kia tekau, kia rau rānei ngā pae kia rite ki te roa, he pai ake te whakahaere a te mīhini tapahi rebar, he iti ake te ngenge o te kaiwhakahaere, ā, he ma ake te rere o te mahi nā te mea he pumau te nekehanga tapahi, kaua ki te ārahi ā-ringa.
Me whai whakaaro anō hoki ki te haruru i mua i te whiriwhiri i te tikanga tapahi. Te paerewa haruru hangahanga a OSHA me tiaki ina nui ake ngā taumata haruru i ngā rohe kei roto i te Ripanga D-2, tae atu ki te 90 dBA mō ngā hāora 8 , 95 dBA mō ngā hāora 4 me te 100 dBA mō ngā hāora 2. Mō ngā awheawhe me ngā papa hanga-mua, Te paerewa haruru ahumahi whānui a OSHA ka whakamahia hoki he toharite taumaha wā 8-hāora 85 dBA hei taumata mahi mō tētahi kaupapa tiaki taringa. I roto i ngā kupu mahi, ka nui ake te haruru o te wāhi tapahi, ka iti ake te wā ka taea e ngā kaimahi te noho haumaru ki reira me te kore he tiaki taringa tika me te whakamahere haruru.
| Tirohia te tūemi | He aha te mea nui | Tohutoro Whaihua |
|---|---|---|
| Rahi o te pae | Me ōrite te diameter o te kaitapahi ki te diameter tūturu e whakamahia ana i te papaanga. | #4 = 0.500 inihi, #5 = 0.625 inihi, #8 = 1.000 inihi |
| Te taumata maitai | Ko te kaha whakaputa teitei ake me whai kaha tapahi e tika ana. | Kei roto i ngā taumata ASTM A615 ngā taumata hua 40,000–100,000 psi |
| Te haruru | Ka pā te whiriwhiri taputapu me te roa o te nekehanga ki te tiaki i te taringa. | Tohutoro hanganga OSHA: 90 dBA mō ngā haora 8 |
| Te tiaki wira whakakoi | Ka nui ake te mōrearea o te pa atu me te pakaru o ngā kongakonga mēnā kāore i te tika te tiaki. | Kaua te mōrahi o te putanga o te wira e neke ake i te 180° mēnā e hiahiatia ana he parepare. |
Tīmata mā te tirotiro i te whānui o te rebar, te kounga maitai me te rahinga tapahi ki te kaha kua whakatauria o te mīhini. Whakanohoia te mīhini tapahi pae maitai i runga i tētahi mata pumau, papatahi, he nui te wāhi hei whāngai i ngā pae roa, me te kore e piko whakararuraru. Me wātea te wāhi mahi i ngā tapahi koretake, i te wai e tū ana, i ngā tūponotanga hinga me ngā kaimahi kore e hiahiatia. Me tautoko ngā pae roa i ngā taha e rua o te pūwāhi tapahi kia kore ai e taka, e piko, e peke rānei ina oti te tapahi.
I mua i te whakamahinga, tirohia te mata, te tiaki, te pana, te taura, te aukati pae me ngā pūtu whakau. Me mau te kaiwhakahaere i ngā tiaki kanohi, ngā karapu, ngā hu haumaru me te tiaki taringa ina hiahiatia. Whāngaihia te pae ki te tūranga tapahi, kia matara atu ō ringaringa i te wāhi o te mata, ā, whakahohehia te kaitapahi kia rite ki ngā tohutohu whakahaere. Kaua e panaia te pae ki te taha, kaua e tapahi ki tua atu i te kaha kua tohua, ā, kaua e tangohia te tapahi kia mutu rawa te mata. Mena ka tino puhoi te mīhini, ka puta he haruru rerekē, ka waiho rānei he pito tapahi kua piko, kati ka tirohia te āhua o te mata, te taumata pae me te kaha o te mīhini i mua i te haere tonu. Me tangi pukumahi te kaitapahi pai, kaua e riri.
Me whakauru ki roto i tētahi rārangi arowhai haumaru mō te tapahi rebar ngā tohu pae, te kaha o te mīhini, te āhua o te mata, te āhua o te ārai, te haumaru hiko, te tautoko pumau, te tango i ngā tapahi me ngā PPE e tika ana. Me aro nui ki te tiaki taringa nā te mea he mea noa te pānga ki te haruru o ngā hanganga. Ngā tatauranga haruru hangahanga a NIOSH E ai ki te pūrongo, e 52% o ngā kaimahi hanga whare e pāngia ana e te haruru e kī ana kāore rātou e mau ana i ngā parenga taringa, ā, tata ki te 23% o ngā kaimahi hanga whare kua whakamatautauria e pāngia ana e te haruru he tino ngoikore te whakarongo. Nā tēnei ka waiho te whakamahere haruru hei wāhanga o te tikanga tapahi, ehara i te mea hei whakaaroaro noa i muri i te tīmatanga o te hamama a ngā kaimahi tetahi ki tetahi i tērā taha o te marae.
I muri i te tapahi me te whakatakotoranga o ngā whakakaha, me whakahaere hoki e ngā tīma o te papa ngā pito o ngā pae e kitea ana. OSHA 1926.701 Me tiaki te rino whakakaha e puta ake ana, kia taea ai e ngā kaimahi te taka ki runga, ki roto rānei, kia kore ai e tūpono te werohanga. He ngāwari te wareware i tēnei āhuatanga ina aro katoa te katoa ki te mahi whakaputa, engari kāore te rino kua tapahia e noho haumaru nā te mea kua oti te mahi tapahi. Me aro atu ki ngā pae tīmatanga, ki te whakakaha pereti, ki ngā pito o te whare herehere me ngā rohe whakakaha kua kikī katoa i mua i te haere tonu o ngā kaimahi i roto i te rohe.
Ko te whiriwhiri i te mīhini tapahi rebar tika ka tīmata ki te whānui o te pae, te kounga maitai me te rahinga tapahi o ia rā. Tērā pea ka hiahia te kaimahi iti ki tētahi mīhini tapahi rebar hiko kawe hei whakatikatika i te papa, engari ko te papa tukatuka whakapakari ka hiahia pea ki tētahi mīhini kaha ake me te hua nui ake me te whakaritenga whāngai pakari ake. Me whakataurite hoki e ngā kaihoko te whāngai ā-ringa, ngā taputapu rahi, te mahi aunoa, te mahi ā-haurua rānei, te whakakapinga mata, ngā pūwāhi whakahinuhinu, te urunga tiaki me te wātea o ngā wāhanga e manawapa ana.
Mō te hanganga piriti, ngā kaupapa kauhanga, ngā turanga whare me ngā mahi whakapakari kua oti te whakarewa, ka whakapai ake te rere o te mahi mā te taputapu tapahi rebar motuhake nā te mea ka taea te tapahi i ngā pae kia rite te roa i mua i te piko, te here, te huihuinga rānei o ngā whare herehere. Ko te mīhini atamai ehara i te mea taumaha noa iho, ko te mea iti te utu, ko te mea rānei he nui te haruru o te whakaahuatanga hoko. Ko te taputapu tapahi e rite ana ki te kaupapa whakapakari, te pūkenga o te kaiwhakahaere, te pūtake hiko, te hiahia nekenekehanga me te kaha tiaki o te papa mahi. Koinei te huarahi e tere ake ai te tapahi a ngā kaimahi kirimana me te kore e huri i te haumaru hei whakaaro muri.
Ko te tikanga haumaru ko te whakamahi i tētahi taputapu kua whakaritea mō te whānui o te rebar me te kounga maitai, tautokona te pae kia tika, kia matara atu ngā ringa i te pūwāhi tapahi, me te mau i ngā PPE e tika ana. Mō ngā tapahi maha, me whai i tētahi taputapu motuhake tapahi rebar he pumau ake, he ōrite ake hoki i ngā tikanga tapahi ā-ringa.
Ae, ka taea e te huri koki te tapahi i te rebar me te kōpae me te tiaki tika, engari ka puta he mura, he haruru, he wera me te puehu whakakoi. He whai hua mō ngā tapahi i ētahi wā, engari he pai ake te tapahi rebar mō te tapahi auau i ngā papa hanga.
Tirohia te whānui tapahi mōrahi, te hototahitanga o te kounga maitai, te pūtake hiko, te momo mata, te aratau whakahaere, te urunga tiaki, te putunga o ngā wāhanga e manawapa ana, me te mea e pai ana te mīhini ki ō kaupapa hanga noa.
He pai te tapahi rebar hiko mō ngā mahi whānui me ngā mahi tapahi ngāwari. He pai ake te tapahi rebar waipēhi ina hiahiatia he pae matotoru, he tapahi auau, he kaha tapahi rānei.
