Umthengisi wezixhobo zokwakha izisombululo zoomatshini bokwakha kangangeminyaka engama-30.
Ulwimi
Umthengisi wezixhobo zokwakha izisombululo zoomatshini bokwakha kangangeminyaka engama-30.
Incakuba yedayimani engasikwanga ayithethi ukuba amacandelo ayo edayimani agqityiwe. Incakuba isenokuma kakuhle ngaphezu kwesiseko sentsimbi, kodwa incakuba ivelisa uthuli, ilahlekelwe yisantya sokusika kwaye ingakwazi ukungena kwikhonkrithi. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ingxaki kukugqunywa kwencakuba yedayimani , okwenzeka xa i-bond yesinyithi ingagugi ngokukhawuleza ukuze iveze iidayimani ezintsha.
Ukugquma yimbangela enye enokwenzeka. I -blade yesarha yesarha enganqumiyo ikwabonisa amandla enjini aphantsi, iibhanti zokuqhuba ezikhululekileyo, i-RPM engalunganga, ukuhamba kwamanzi kakubi okanye umonakalo we-blade. Iimpawu zinokubonakala zifana ngasemva kwesarha, ngoko ke indlela efanelekileyo kukujonga i-blade, umatshini kunye neemeko zokunqumla ngokulandelelana okucacileyo. Ukutyhala ngamandla kudla ngokongeza ubushushu, kungekhona ubukrelekrele.
| Oko ukubonayo | Kusenokwenzeka ukuba yimbangela | Uvavanyo lokuqala |
|---|---|---|
| Ubuso obuthambileyo okanye obukhazimlayo | Iglasi okanye ibhondi enzima kakhulu | Inkcazo yeblade kunye nemeko ye-aggregate |
| Ukuphakama kwecandelo kuyaqhubeka, kodwa ukusika kuyacotha | Iidayimani ezintsha azibonakali | Ingaba ukugquma okukhuselekileyo kuyayibuyisela na indawo esikiweyo |
| Isantya senjini siwela phantsi komthwalo | Uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo lokutya, amandla aphantsi okanye iibhanti ezikhululekileyo | Imeko yenjini, uxinzelelo lwebhanti kunye noxinzelelo lokusika |
| Umongo weblade ujika umbala | Ubushushu obugqithisileyo okanye ukupholisa okubuthathaka | Ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi, umjikelo wokusika owomileyo kunye novavanyo lweeblade |
| Intsimbi engundoqo iguga ngaphantsi kwamacandelo | Ukusika ngaphantsi kwezinto ezirhabaxa | Uhlobo lwezinto kunye nokhuseleko olungaphantsi komgangatho |
| Iintanda, iindawo ezingekhoyo okanye umbindi ogobileyo | Umonakalo weblade yesakhiwo | Misa isarha uze ufake enye iblade endaweni yayo |
Inxalenye yedayimani ineedayimani ezenziweyo ezibanjwe kwibhondi yesinyithi. Ngexesha lokusika okuqhelekileyo, iidayimani ziyasila izinto ngelixa ibhondi ejikelezileyo iphela kancinci kancinci. Iidayimani ezimdaka ziyakhululwa, kwaye kuvela iindawo ezintsha zokusikwa ebusweni bebhondi.
Ukugquma kuqala xa oku kuguga okulawulwayo kuyeka ukusebenza kakuhle. Ikhonkco lihlala livaliwe kwiidayimani ezigugileyo, lishiya umphezulu ogudileyo ongenazo iidayimani ezintsha. Isikhokelo sokusombulula iingxaki zeblade yedayimani yaseNorton , incakuba enzima kakhulu kwimpahla isenokungakwazi ukuveza iidayimani ezintsha. UNorton ucebisa ukuba kusetyenziswe intambo ethambileyo xa kufuneka ibotshwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo.
Lo mahluko ubalulekile kuba ukugquma kungavula kwakhona umphezulu ocwebezelayo, kodwa akunakulungisa ngokusisigxina iinkcukacha zeblade ezingalunganga. Ukuba iblade ivala kwakhona emva kwexesha elifutshane lokusikwa, izinto kunye nokubopha kusenokwenzeka ukuba akuhambelananga kakuhle.
I-aggregate eqinileyo, engarhawuzeliyo kangako isenokungabhidli i-bond engafanelekanga ngokukhawuleza. I-blade idla ngokuqala kakuhle, ize isike kancinci njengoko ubuso be-segment bupholishwa. Ukusebenzisa uxinzelelo olungaphezulu lokutya kunokwenza injini isebenze nzima, kodwa akuncedi i-bond ikhuphe iidayimani ezimdaka.
Xa i-glazing ibuya emva kokufakwa kwaye isarha isebenza ngokuchanekileyo, ukutshintsha ukuya kwi-bond ethambileyo kudla ngokuba yimpendulo yobugcisa echanekileyo. Kwimisebenzi ebandakanya ikhonkrithi kunye ne-asphalt, qala uqinisekise ukuba i-blade ihambelana nezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo endaweni yokucela inkcazelo enye ukuba ifane nee-blades ezimbini ezahlukeneyo.
I-blade ekhethwe ngokuchanekileyo isenobunzima xa isarha ingagcini isantya phantsi komthwalo. UNorton ucebisa abaqhubi ukuba bajonge amandla ehashe akhoyo kunye nebhanti yokuqhuba xa i-blade ingasikwanga. Iibhanti ezikhululekileyo, injini engasebenzi kakuhle kunye nesantya sokutya esinamandla zonke zinokunciphisa isantya se-blade kumda wokusika.
Mamela injini njengoko i-blade ingena kwindawo enqunyulweyo. Utshintsho oluncinci kwithoni luqhelekile, kodwa ukwehla okukhulu kwesantya kubonisa ukuba isantya sokutya siphezulu kakhulu okanye amandla awafikeleli kwi-blade ngokufanelekileyo. Ngaphambi kokuba ugxeke iidayimani, qiniseka ukuba injini, iibhanti kunye nomngxuma we-blade zenza umsebenzi wazo.
I-RPM yeblade mayijongwe kunye nobubanzi beblade. Isikhokelo sokusika ikhonkrithi sikaMK Diamond icebisa isantya sokusebenza serim esimalunga ne- 9,500–11,500 yeenyawo zomphezulu ngomzuzu kwiibhleyidi ezininzi zedayimani. Isantya esiphantsi sidla ngokusetyenziswa kwizinto eziqinileyo nezixineneyo, ngelixa isantya esiphezulu sifanela izinto ezithambileyo nezirhabaxa ngakumbi.
Itheyibhile yesantya epapashweyo ibonisa ukuba kutheni ububanzi bubalulekile. Iblade eqhelekileyo ye-intshi ezili-12 inesantya sesalathiso se-3,000 rpm, iblade ye-intshi ezili-14 ye-2,500 rpm kunye neblade ye-intshi ezingama-20 ye-1,800 rpm. La ngamaxabiso esalathiso se-MK, hayi useto oluqhelekileyo, kodwa abonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba iblade enkulu ayinakufakelwa ngokukhuselekileyo ngokujonga umngxuma we-arbor kuphela.
| Ububanzi beblade | Ireferensi ye-MK RPM | I-MK ayidluli kwi-RPM |
|---|---|---|
| 12 inches / 305 mm | 3,000 ngomzuzu | 5,095 ngomzuzu |
| 14 inches / 356 mm | 2,500 ngomzuzu | 4,365 ngomzuzu |
| 16 inches / 406 mm | 2,200 ngomzuzu | 3,800 ngomzuzu |
| 20 inches / 508 mm | 1,800 ngomzuzu | 3,000 ngomzuzu |
Soloko ulandela i-RPM ephezulu eprintiweyo kwi-blade ekhethiweyo kunye noluhlu lwesantya oluvunyiweyo lwesarha. I-blade isenokungena kakuhle kwaye isajikeleza ngesantya esingalunganga, oluyinguqulelo yoomatshini yokunxiba izihlangu zobukhulu obufanelekileyo kwiinyawo ezingalunganga.
Xa kusikwa ngokumanzi, amanzi kufuneka afikelele kumacala omabini eblade aze akhuphe udaka olurhabaxa oluphuma kwi-kerf. I-MK Diamond inika umenzi ireferensi ye- 4.5–6 US gallons ngomzuzu , elingana ne- 17–23 litres ngomzuzu . Imfuneko yokugqibela ixhomekeke kwisarha, iblade kunye nesenzo sokukhuhla sokusika, ngoko ke incwadi yemiyalelo yezixhobo ihlala ireferensi yokulawula.
Isikhuselo sebhleyidi esimanzi asibonisi ukuba amanzi aneleyo afikelela kwiindawo ezisetyenziswayo. Jonga zombini ii-nozzles ukuba azinazo na izivalo kwaye ujonge ukuba i-slurry ishiya isikhewu ngokukhululekileyo na. Ukusasazwa kakubi kwamanzi kunokunyusa ubushushu, kunciphise ukusebenza kakuhle kokusika kwaye kubangele ukuwohloka kwamacala okungalinganiyo.
Kwimicu evunyiweyo eyomileyo, INorton icebisa ukuba kunganqunyulwa ixesha elide rhoqo kwaye icebisa ukuba i-blade ijikeleze emoyeni rhoqo emva kwemizuzu embalwa. Izinto eziqinileyo zinokufuna ukupholisa rhoqo. Akukho mthetho uqhelekileyo wemizuzu emithathu okanye emihlanu, ngoko landela imiyalelo yomenzi we-blade.
Ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi kuchaphazela okungaphezulu kobushushu beblade. Imigangatho yesilika yokwakha ye-US OSHA , inqanaba lesenzo se-respirable crystalline silica yi- 25 μg/m³ , ngelixa umda wokuvezwa ovumelekileyo yi- 50 μg/m³ . Zombini zibalwa njenge-avareji yexesha eliziiyure ezisibhozo.
Itheyibhile 1 ye-OSHA ifuna ukuba iisarha ezisetyenziswa emva komatshini zisebenzise inkqubo edibeneyo enika amanzi rhoqo kwi-blade. Umsebenzi wangaphandle usebenzisa indlela yokulawula edwelisiweyo awudingi mphefumlo wongezelelweyo, ngelixa umsebenzi wangaphakathi okanye ovalelwe ngaphakathi ufuna ubuncinane ukhuseleko lokuphefumla lwe-APF 10. Ezi ziimfuno zase-US; abakhi kwamanye amazwe kufuneka balandele imithetho yolawulo lweprojekthi.
| Into ye-OSHA | Imfuneko epapashweyo |
|---|---|
| Inqanaba lesenzo seSilica | 25 μg/m³ ngaphezulu kwe-TWA yeeyure ezi-8 |
| Umda wokuvezwa ovumelekileyo | 50 μg/m³ ngaphezulu kwe-TWA yeeyure ezi-8 |
| Ulawulo lwesarha oluhamba ngasemva | Ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi okuhlangeneyo rhoqo |
| Ukusetyenziswa ngaphakathi okanye ngaphakathi | Ubuncinane be-APF 10 |
Misa isarha uze ujonge iblade ngaphambi kokuba uzame ukuyilungisa. Ukulungisa iblade kufanelekile kuphela xa iblade ilungile ngokwesakhiwo kwaye ubuso becala buvaliwe okanye bukhazimlisiwe. Musa ukugquma iblade enezikhewu, iindawo ezingekhoyo, umbindi ogobileyo okanye ubuthathaka obubonakalayo ngaphantsi kweziqendu.
Qinisekisa ukuba i-blade ilinganiswe ngokwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, isarha kunye nendlela emanzi okanye eyomileyo.
Jonga utolo olujikelezayo, i-arbor, ii-flanges, iibhanti kunye nenkqubo yamanzi.
Sebenzisa izinto zokugquma ezivunyiweyo ngumvelisi okanye ibhloko ethambileyo yokurhawuzelela.
Yenza iziqwenga ezimfutshane zokusika, uze ume uze uhlole ubuso becandelo.
Buyisela kwizinto zokusebenza usebenzisa uxinzelelo oluphakathi lokutya.
INorton idwelisa ibhloko yekhonkrithi ethambileyo okanye ivili elidala elirhabaxa njengezinto zokugquma ezinokwenzeka. Ukuba ukusika kuyaphucuka okwethutyana kodwa iglazing iyabuya, tshintsha iinkcukacha zebhondi endaweni yokuguqula i-dressing ibe yinto yokuzonwabisa yemihla ngemihla.
| Imeko | Inkangeleko eqhelekileyo | Isenzo esicetyiswayo |
|---|---|---|
| Ukugquma | Ubuso obuthambileyo becandelo kunye nobude obusebenzisekayo obusele | Jonga ukuba ibhondi ihambelana kwaye unxibe kakuhle na |
| Ukunxiba okuqhelekileyo | Iziqwenga ziyancipha ngokulinganayo kwaye ukusika kuhlala kuzinzile | Qhubeka nokuhlola kwaye ufake ezinye endaweni ephawulweyo |
| Ukusika ngaphantsi | Intsimbi iba ncinci ngaphantsi kwamacandelo | Yima ukuba ibuthathaka; sebenzisa incakuba enokhuselo olungaphantsi |
| Umonakalo wesakhiwo | Iintanda, iindawo ezingekhoyo okanye umongo ogqwethekileyo | Tshintsha ngoko nangoko |
Ibhloko yokugquma ingaveza iidayimani ezintsha, kodwa ayinakukwazi ukulungisa umongo wentsimbi oqhekekileyo. Xa ibhleyidi yonakele kwisakhiwo, ukutshintshwa yeyona ndlela ifanelekileyo.
Ngaphambi kokuba u-odole i-blade entsha, bhala phantsi izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, imeko ye-aggregate, iinkcukacha ze-blade, imodeli yesarha, ububanzi be-blade, i-RPM ephezulu, ubunzulu bokusika kunye nendlela emanzi okanye eyomileyo. Emva koko jonga uxinzelelo lwebhanti, isantya senjini, iibheringi ze-shaft, imeko ye-flange kunye nokuhanjiswa kwamanzi.
Ukuzinikela isarha yekhonkrithi ehamba ngasemva kufuneka isetyenziswe ngeblade ehambelana nezinto kunye nomatshini. Ukuze usike indlela nzulu, thelekisa ubungakanani beblade evunyiweyo kunye nobunzulu bokusika bomatshini okhethiweyo, njengo Isarha yendlela yekhonkrithi ye-ACE QF400 .
I-blade ecwebezelayo idla ngokuba nobuso obugudileyo, ubude be-segment obuluncedo obuseleyo kunye nokulahleka okucacileyo kwesantya sokusika. Qinisekisa ukuba umatshini ugcina amandla ngaphambi kokuba uyibophe i-blade.
Incakuba engathi ayitshintshwanga inganxitywa ukuze kubonakale iidayimani ezintsha. Incakuba eqhekekileyo, egobileyo okanye eyonakeleyo kufuneka itshintshwe.
Ukugcada okuphindaphindiweyo kudla ngokubonisa ukuba i-bond inzima kakhulu kwizixhobo, amandla aphantsi esarha okanye uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo lokutya. Jonga kwakhona iinkcukacha zeblade kunye nemeko yomatshini.
I-MK Diamond inika isalathiso se-4.5–6 US gal/min, okanye i-17–23 L/min. Ukuhamba kokugqibela kufuneka kulandele imiyalelo yomenzi weserha kunye neebhleyidi.
Yitshintshe xa umaleko wedayimani osebenzisekayo ufikelela kumda wawo ophawulweyo, icandelo lingekho, umbindi uqhekekile okanye ugobile, okanye ukunqunyulwa okungaphantsi kwesinyithi kuye kwenza buthathaka intsimbi engaphantsi kwamacandelo.
Isikhokelo Sophando Ngemveliso Yendalo:
Yabelana ngezinto, imeko eqokelelweyo kunye neenkcukacha zeblade xa ucela inkxaso yokusombulula iingxaki.
Faka imodeli yesarha, ububanzi beblade, ubungakanani be-arbor, i-RPM ephezulu kunye nokuba isiqwenga simanzi okanye somile.
Iifoto zobuso becandelo, umbindi wentsimbi kunye nepatheni yokuguguleka zinokunceda ukwahlula iglazing kwi-undercut okanye umonakalo wesakhiwo.
