Umthengisi wezixhobo zokwakha izisombululo zoomatshini bokwakha kangangeminyaka engama-30.
Ulwimi
Umthengisi wezixhobo zokwakha izisombululo zoomatshini bokwakha kangangeminyaka engama-30.
Ukwazi indlela yokusika ii-rebar ngokukhuselekileyo akupheleli nje ekukhawuleziseni intsimbi. Kwindawo yokwakha exakekileyo, yonke into enqunyulweyo ichaphazela indlela ukuqinisa okunokufakelwa, ukubotshwa, ukugotywa, ukushukunyiswa kunye nokuhlolwa kakuhle ngayo ngaphambi kokuba kugalelwe ikhonkrithi. Iibha ezimbalwa ezimfutshane zinokuphathwa ngezixhobo ezisisiseko, kodwa ukusika okuphindaphindiweyo kwee-slabs, imiqadi, iibhulorho, iitonela okanye iikheyiji ezilungisiweyo kufuna indlela elawulwa ngakumbi. umsiki we-rebar Inceda umqhubi ukuba asike imivalo yentsimbi ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kakhulu kwiintlantsi, iidiski ezirhabaxa kunye namandla engalo, ngelixa egcina inkqubo iphindaphindeka ukusuka komnye umsebenzi ukuya komnye. Ezo ziindaba ezimnandi zemveliso, kwaye ziindaba ezingcono nangakumbi kumntu ongasafunekiyo ukulwa nentsimbi yonke imva kwemini.
Impazamo yokuqala ekusikeni ii-rebar kukuthatha ukuba ububanzi buxela lonke ibali. Akunjalo. Umgangatho wentsimbi uyayitshintsha indlela efunekayo amandla ukuze kunqunyulwe ii-bar, ngoko ke umsiki kufuneka akhethwe ngobukhulu bee-bar kunye namandla ezinto. I-ASTM A615/A615M , ii-reinforcement bars zinokuba namanqanaba amancinci okuqina kwe -40,000 psi, 60,000 psi, 80,000 psi kunye ne-100,000 psi . I-Grade 60 rebar, enye yeendlela eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa kumsebenzi wekhonkrithi eqinisiweyo, inamandla amancinci okuvelisa i- 60,000 psi, okanye i-420 MPa . Yingakho amandla omatshini alinganisiweyo kufuneka ahlolwe ngokuchasene nomgangatho wentsimbi yokwenyani, kungacingelwanga ukusuka kububanzi bebha kuphela.
Iinkqubo zobukhulu beebha zinokubangela ukudideka xa abathengi bethelekisa oomatshini kwiimarike ezahlukeneyo. Kwinkqubo yokubala iibha eMelika, inani lidla ngokumela ii-eighths ze-intshi, ngoko ke i-#4 rebar yi-0.500 intshi ngobukhulu, i-#5 yi-0.625 intshi kwaye i-#8 yi-1.000 intshi . Kwabakhi, abathengisi kunye neenkampani zokuqeshisa, oku kubalulekile kuba umatshini wokusika ibha yentsimbi kufuneka ihambelane neshedyuli yokuqinisa esetyenziswa kwiiprojekthi zokwenyani, kungekuphela nje ngobukhulu obukhulu obuprintiweyo kwincwadana. Ukuba indawo isebenzisa ubungakanani beebha ezahlukeneyo kwiziseko, iikholamu, iidekhi zebhulorho kunye neekheyiji ezilungiselelwe kwangaphambili, umsiki kufuneka akhethwe kuloo msebenzi uxutyiweyo.
Isixhobo sokusika i-engile singasika i-rebar xa sifakelwe idiski yokusika yesinyithi efanelekileyo, kwaye siluncedo ekunqumleni ngamanye amaxesha, ukulungisa kunye nokulungisa okuncinci kwindawo yokusebenza. Inzuzo kukuba sivelisa iintlantsi, uthuli, ubushushu kunye nengxolo, kwaye isiphumo sixhomekeke kakhulu kulawulo lomqhubi. Imeko yevili, i-engile yokusika kunye nendawo yokukhusela zonke izinto zibalulekile. I-OSHA 1926.303 ithi, apho kufuneka khona izikhuselo zamavili ezirhabaxa, ukuvezwa okuphezulu kwe-engile komda wevili lokusila kunye namacala akufuneki kudlule kwi-180° . Ngolwimi olulula: isikhuselo asikokuhombisa. Silapho kuba amavili arhabaxa aphukileyo awawi phantsi ngobubele.
Isixhobo sokusika ibolt silula, sithule kwaye siyaphatheka. Asidingi mbane kwaye asivelisi sparks, nto leyo enokuba luncedo kwiindawo ezithintelweyo. Nangona kunjalo, siluncedo kakhulu kwiibhari ezincinci zobubanzi kunye nokulungiswa okulula kwendawo. Njengoko ububanzi bebhari okanye umgangatho wentsimbi unyuka, umqhubi kufuneka asebenzise amandla amaninzi, kwaye isiphelo esisikiweyo sinokuguquguquka ukuba isixhobo sokusika asifanelanga izinto. Kwiibhari ezimbalwa zokukhanya, singasebenza. Kwinkqubo yokuqinisa yemihla ngemihla, ngokukhawuleza iba yinkqubo yokuzilolonga engakhange icelwe mntu.
I-An umsiki we-rebar wombane okanye umsiki we-hydraulic rebar udla ngokuba lolona khetho lungcono xa umsebenzi ubandakanya ukunqunyulwa okuphindaphindiweyo, ubungakanani obukhulu okanye ulawulo oluqinileyo lokhuseleko. Ibha ibekwe ecaleni kokuma, ixhaswe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye inqunyulwe yinkqubo yeblade eyenzelwe intsimbi yokuqinisa. Oku kugcina isenzo sokusika sizinzile kwaye kwenza isiphumo singaxhomekeki kakhulu kumandla omqhubi ngamnye. Kwizinto zokulungisa intsimbi, izityalo ezilungisiweyo kwangaphambili, abakhi beebhulorho, iindawo zokwakha kunye neenqanawa zokuqeshisa, oku kuphinda-phinda kudla ngokuba luncedo ngakumbi kunesantya sodwa. Ukunqunyulwa okukhawulezileyo kuluncedo; ukunqunyulwa okukhawulezileyo nokungaguquguqukiyo koko kugcina urhwebo olulandelayo luhamba.
Uthelekiso phakathi kwe -rebar cutter kunye ne-angle grinder akufuneki luncitshiswe lube “yeyiphi isixhobo esinokusika intsimbi?” Zombini zinokwenza umsebenzi, kodwa zisombulula iingxaki ezahlukeneyo. I-angle grinder iguquguquka kwaye ayibizi kakhulu xa kusikwa ngamanye amaxesha, ngelixa i-rebar cutter inamandla xa kusikwa ngokuthe tye okuphindaphindiweyo kwe-reinforcement bar. Xa kufuneka kunqunyulwe amashumi okanye amakhulu ee-bar, i-rebar cutter idla ngokunika ulawulo olungcono, ukudinwa okuphantsi komqhubi kunye nomsebenzi ococekileyo kuba intshukumo yokusika ilungisiwe endaweni yokukhokelwa ngesandla.
Ingxolo nayo kufuneka iqwalaselwe ngaphambi kokukhetha indlela yokusika. Ingxolo yokwakhiwa kwe-OSHA ifuna ukhuseleko xa amanqanaba esandi egqitha imida kwiTheyibhile D-2, kuquka i-90 dBA iiyure ezi-8 , i-95 dBA iiyure ezi-4 kunye ne -100 dBA iiyure ezi-2 . Kwiiworkshops nakwiiyadi ezilungiselelwe kwangaphambili, Umgangatho wengxolo jikelele we-OSHA kushishino ikwasebenzisa umndilili we-85 dBA weeyure ezi-8-time-weighted njengenqanaba lesenzo senkqubo yokugcina ukuva. Ngokwendlela esebenzayo, okukhona indawo yokusika ikhula kakhulu, kokukhona ixesha elincinci abasebenzi banokulichitha apho ngokukhuselekileyo ngaphandle kokhuseleko olufanelekileyo lokuva kunye nocwangciso lwengxolo.
| Jonga Into | Isizathu Sokuba Kubalulekile | Isalathiso Esisebenzayo |
|---|---|---|
| Ubungakanani bebha | Umsiki kufuneka afane nobubanzi bokwenyani obusetyenzisiweyo kwindawo leyo. | #4 = 0.500 intshi, #5 = 0.625 intshi, #8 = 1.000 intshi |
| Ibanga lentsimbi | Amandla aphezulu esivuno afuna amandla afanelekileyo okusika. | Amanqanaba e-ASTM A615 aquka amanqanaba e-40,000–100,000 psi yield |
| Ukuvezwa kwengxolo | Ukukhetha izixhobo kunye nobude bokutshintsha kuchaphazela ukhuseleko lokuva. | Isalathiso sokwakhiwa kwe-OSHA: 90 dBA iiyure ezi-8 |
| Ukukhusela amavili arhabaxa | Ukukhusela okungafanelekanga kwandisa umngcipheko wokudibana kunye nokuqhekeka kwezicubu. | Ukuvezwa okuphezulu kwamavili akufuneki kudlule kwi-180° apho kufuneka khona ii-gauge |
Qala ngokujonga ububanzi be-rebar, umgangatho wentsimbi kunye nobungakanani bokusika ngokuthelekisa umthamo womatshini olinganisiweyo. umatshini wokusika ibha yentsimbi kwindawo ezinzileyo, ethe tyaba enesithuba esaneleyo sokondla imivalo emide ngaphandle kokuyigoba kakubi. Indawo yokusebenza mayingabi nazithintelo ezikhululekileyo, amanzi amileyo, iingozi zokukhubeka kunye nabasebenzi abangeyomfuneko. Imivalo emide mayixhaswe kumacala omabini endawo yokusika ukuze ingawi, ingajiki okanye iphume xa ukusika kugqityiwe.
Ngaphambi kokusebenza, hlola iblade, i-guard, iswitshi, intambo, i-bar stop kunye ne-fixing bolts. Umqhubi kufuneka anxibe isikhuselo samehlo, iiglavu, izihlangu zokhuseleko kunye nesikhuselo sokuva apho kufuneka khona. Faka i-rebar kwindawo yokusika, gcina izandla kude nendawo yeblade kwaye usebenze umsiki ngokwemiyalelo yokusebenza. Musa ukunyanzela i-bar ecaleni, musa ukusika ngaphaya komthamo omiselweyo kwaye musa ukususa i-offcut de i-blade ime ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba umatshini ucotha kakhulu, wenza ingxolo engaqhelekanga okanye ushiya iziphelo ezigoso, yima kwaye uhlole imeko yeblade, umgangatho we-bar kunye nomthamo womatshini ngaphambi kokuba uqhubeke. Umsiki olungileyo kufuneka avakale exakekile, angabi nomsindo.
Uluhlu lokuhlola ukhuseleko lokusika ii-rebar olusebenzayo lufanele luquke ukuchongwa kwee-bar, umthamo womatshini, imeko ye-blade, imeko ye-guard, ukhuseleko lombane, inkxaso ezinzileyo, ukususwa kwe-offcut kunye ne-PPE efanelekileyo. Ukhuseleko lokuva lufanele luqwalaselwe ngokukodwa kuba ukuvezwa kwengxolo yokwakha kuqhelekile. Izibalo zengxolo yokwakha ye-NIOSH Ingxelo yokuba ama-52% abasebenzi bokwakha abangxolayo bathi abanxibi zikhuselo lokuva, kwaye malunga nama -23% abasebenzi bokwakha abavavanyiweyo abangxolayo banokukhubazeka kokuva okubonakalayo. Oku kwenza ucwangciso lwengxolo lube yinxalenye yendlela yokusika, kungabi yinto ekufuneka iqwalaselwe kuphela emva kokuba abasebenzi beqale ukukhwaza omnye komnye ebaleni.
Emva kokusika nokubeka uqinisekiso, amaqela esiza kufuneka alawule neziphelo zemivalo eziveziweyo. I-OSHA 1926.701 ifuna intsimbi yokuqinisa ephumayo enokuthi abasebenzi bawele kuyo okanye bayikhusele ukuze isuse ingozi yokubethelwa. Eli nqaku kulula ukulityeshela xa wonke umntu egxile kwimveliso, kodwa i-cut rebar ayikhuseleki kuba umsebenzi wokusika ugqityiwe. Ii-starter bars, i-slab reinforcement, i-cage ends kunye neendawo zokuqinisa ezixineneyo zonke zifuna ingqalelo ngaphambi kokuba abasebenzi baqhubeke nokuhambahamba kuloo ndawo.
Ukukhetha umatshini wokusika i-rebar ofanelekileyo kuqala ngobubanzi obukhulu be-bar, umgangatho wentsimbi kunye nomthamo wokusika wemihla ngemihla. Umenzi wekontraka omncinci unokufuna umsiki we-rebar wombane ophathwayo ukuze ahlengahlengise indawo, ngelixa igadi yokulungisa ukuqinisa inokufuna umatshini onamandla ngakumbi onemveliso ephezulu kunye nolungiselelo lokutya oluqinileyo. Abathengi kufuneka bathelekise ukondla ngesandla, izixhobo zokulinganisa, ukusebenza ngokuzenzekelayo okanye okwenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo, ukutshintshwa kweeblade, iindawo zokuthambisa, ukufikelela kulondolozo kunye nokufumaneka kweendawo ezisele.
Kwizakhiwo zebhulorho, iiprojekthi zemijelo, iziseko zokwakha kunye nomsebenzi wokuqinisa olungiselelwe kwangaphambili, umsiki wee-rebar ozinikeleyo uphucula indlela yokusebenza kuba ii-bar zinokunqunyulwa zibe zinde ngaphambi kokugoba, ukubopha okanye ukuhlanganisa iikheyiji. Umatshini okrelekrele kakhulu awungowona unzima nje, oxabiso liphantsi okanye lowo unenkcazo yokuthengisa ephezulu. Ngumsiki ohambelana neshedyuli yokuqinisa, izakhono zomsebenzi, umbane, imfuneko yokuhamba kunye namandla okulungisa indawo yomsebenzi. Yile ndlela abakhi abasika ngayo ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokuguqula ukhuseleko lube yinto yokugqiba.
Eyona ndlela ikhuselekileyo kukusebenzisa isixhobo esilinganiswe ububanzi be-rebar kunye nomgangatho wentsimbi, uxhase i-bar ngokufanelekileyo, ugcine izandla zakho kude nendawo yokusika kwaye unxibe i-PPE efanelekileyo. Kwizicucu eziphindaphindwayo, faka isixhobo esikhethekileyo. umsiki we-rebar idla ngokuzinza ngakumbi kwaye ihambelana kuneendlela zokusika ezenziwe ngokusesikweni.
Ewe, i-angle grinder ingasika i-rebar ngediski kunye nokukhusela okufanelekileyo, kodwa ivelisa iintlantsi, ingxolo, ubushushu kunye nothuli olurhabaxa. Iyasebenza xa kusikwa ngamanye amaxesha, ngelixa i-rebar cutter idla ngokuba ngcono xa kusikwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwindawo yokwakha.
Jonga ububanzi bokusika obuphezulu, ukuhambelana komgangatho wentsimbi, umthombo wamandla, uhlobo lweblade, imo yokusebenza, ukufikelela kulondolozo, unikezelo lwezixhobo ezingasetyenziswayo kunye nokuba umatshini uyahambelana na neeprojekthi zakho zokwakha eziqhelekileyo.
Isixhobo sokusika ii-rebar esisebenza ngombane sidla ngokuba lula kumsebenzi oqhelekileyo nakwimisebenzi yokusika ephakathi. Isixhobo sokusika ii-rebar esisebenza nge-hydraulic sidla ngokufaneleka ngakumbi xa kufuneka ii-bars ezityebileyo, ukusika rhoqo okanye amandla okusika aqinileyo.
