Ukwandiswa kolwazi lomkhiqizo
Umhlinzeki wemishini yokwakha wezixazululo zemishini yokwakha iminyaka engama-30.
Ulimi
Umhlinzeki wemishini yokwakha wezixazululo zemishini yokwakha iminyaka engama-30.
Nasi isimo esivame ukwenzeka ezindaweni zokwakha ngaphezu kwalokho umuntu angathanda ukukuvuma: umsele ugcwaliswe emuva, indawo iyabuyiselwa, abasebenzi bayapakisha, futhi ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha kuvela umugqa ocwilayo eduze komugqa oqondile womzila kaphethiloli. Umgwaqo uyawa, iklayenti liyashayela ucingo, futhi ngokuzumayo wonke umuntu uzama ukuthola ukuthi iphutha likabani. Impendulo eqotho, isikhathi esiningi, ukuthi akekho owenze into engalungile kakhulu - bamane baphatha ukuhlanganiswa kwe-backfill njengento yokugcina esikhundleni sesinyathelo sokwakheka okuyiso ngempela. Lo mhlahlandlela ukhona ukuze ulungise lowo mcabango, ngoba ukuthola ukuhlanganiswa kwe-trench kahle akunzima uma usuqonda ukuthi kwenzekani ngaphansi komhlaba nokuthi kungani isinyathelo ngasinye sibalulekile.
Izimbangela ezimbili ezivame kakhulu zokuhlaliswa kwemisele ngemva kokungena komgodi yizinto ezigcwala kabi kanye nokungagcwali kahle. Ukugcwala okubi kulula ukukubona futhi kuvame ukubanjwa kusenesikhathi. Ukungagcwali ngokwanele kuyacasheka — indawo ingazizwa iqinile ngokuphelele kuyilapho indawo engagcwali kahle ingaphansi kwamamitha amabili, ilinde buthule umthwalo wethrafikhi noma isizini yemvula ukuze ibangele ukuwa. Uma iphela, ayihambi yonke ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ihamba kancane kancane kulowo mugqa olandela umugqa womsele kahle, okuyiyona ndlela abahloli abazi kahle ukuthi babheke ini.
Imodi yesibili yokuhluleka ayibonakali kangako kodwa ngokwesakhiwo ibucayi kakhulu. Amapayipi aguquguqukayo — i-PVC, i-HDPE, insimbi ehlanganisiwe — athembele enhlabathini ezungezile ukuze anikeze ukwesekwa okuseceleni. Uma izinto ezizungeze ipayipi zingahlanganiswa kahle, ipayipi liyashintshashintsha ngaphansi komthwalo oqondile. Ingxenye yalo evundlile ishintsha kusukela ku-round iye ku-oval, ukucindezeleka kodonga kuyakheka, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ipayipi liyahluleka ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokuphila kwalo kokuklama. Ngeke ulibone leli kuze kube yilapho kuhlolwa ikhamera noma, okubi nakakhulu, ukudilika. Noma yimuphi umphumela uhilela ingxoxo enzima kanye nokumba okubizayo.
Ushintsho olulodwa oluwusizo kakhulu engqondweni emsebenzini wokugcwalisa imisele ukuyeka ukucabanga ngomsele njengomgodi owodwa omkhulu wokugcwalisa bese uqala ukuwucabanga njengezindawo ezintathu ezihlukene ezibekwe phezu komunye nomunye. Indawo ngayinye inemithwalo yemfanelo ehlukene yesakhiwo, izidingo ezihlukene zokuminyana, futhi kwezinye izimo, imishini ehlukene. Ukwelapha konke okufanayo yilapho izinkinga eziningi zokuminyana ziqala khona.
Ingqimba yokulala ihlezi ngqo ngaphansi kwepayipi — ngokuvamile amasentimitha angu-4 kuya kwangu-6 ezinto ezibekwe ngokucophelela ezinikeza ipayipi indawo efanayo, esabalalisa umthwalo ukuze iphumule kuyo. Le ndawo ayicindezelwa ngemishini kagesi. Ifakwa ngesandla futhi icindezelwe kancane, ngoba ozama ukukugwema ukulayisha okuqondile ngaphansi komgqomo wepayipi. Izinto ezithwalayo, ezigcwalisa kusukela embhedeni kuya emgqeni ophakathi wepayipi nhlangothi zombili, yindawo yokusekela eseceleni — mhlawumbe ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ngokwesakhiwo yomsele wonke. Sebenza lapha nge-rammer elula egcinwe okungenani amasentimitha angu-12 ukusuka odongeni lwepayipi, icindezelwa ngokucophelela ngaphandle kokudala amandla okushaya angashukumisa ipayipi noma alimaze amalunga ayo. Zinike isikhathi kule ndawo. Konke okungaphezulu kuncike ekutheni yenziwe kahle.
Kusukela cishe kumasentimitha angu-12 ngaphezu kwephayiphi kuya kumasentimitha angaba ngu-18 ngaphansi kwendawo eqediwe yilapho umzamo wokucindezela uhlala khona ngempela. Iningi lemininingwane yephrojekthi lidinga u-95% we-Standard Proctor density (ASTM D698) ngale ndawo ukuze kuwele imigwaqo, futhi lelo nani lisho okuthile okuqondile - alikwazi ukubonwa ngamehlo noma ukulinganiselwa ngokuzwa. Yilapho i-tamping rammer ithola khona indawo yayo, ikakhulukazi emiseleni emincane egcwaliswe ngenhlabathi yemvelo ehlangene. Ipuleti layo elincane lilingana nephayiphi ngaphandle kwedrama, amandla alo okushaya angena ngokuqondile ku-lift ngayinye, futhi lisebenza ekugcwalisweni okugcwele ubumba ngendlela imishini esekelwe ekudlidlizeni engenakukwazi ukufanisa. Uma wake wazibuza ukuthi kungani ukukhetha imishini kubaluleke kangaka emsebenzini wemisele ikakhulukazi, lena yindawo echaza lokho. Ukuze uthole incazelo ephelele yokuthi i-rammer isebenza kanjani kangcono kune-plate compactor - nalapho ingasebenzi - [umhlahlandlela wethu ku- I-Rammer vs. Compactor: Ukwembula Umehluko Oyinhloko ] ihlanganisa isinqumo ngokuningiliziwe.
Ingxenye ephezulu — amasentimitha angu-12 kuya kwangu-18 okugcina ngaphambi kwesisekelo esingaphansi noma ungqimba lwendlela — yilapho izimo zivuleka khona ngokwanele ukuletha i-plate compactor, ikakhulukazi uma ububanzi bomsele bukuvumela kanye nokushintsha kokugcwaliswa kwezinto ezifakwe ngaphakathi noma isisekelo somgwaqo. Isivinini kanye nokumbozwa kobuso kuba usizo kakhulu lapha kunokungena komthelela ojulile. Amaphasi amabili aqondile ane-plate compactor ephendukayo kulo lonke i-lift yokugcina ayindlela ejwayelekile. Unganqamuleli le ndawo ngoba nje iseduze nobuso — ithatha umthwalo wethrafikhi oqondile kakhulu, futhi ungqimba olubonisa ukuqina kuqala.
Uma kukhona umthetho owodwa ohlukanisa amaqembu angavamile ukwehluleka ukuhlolwa kokuqiniswa kwamaqembu ahluleka njalo, yilo: sebenza ngama-lift amancane bese ubala wonke ama-pass. I-rammer esebenza ngokugcwalisa okuhlangene kufanele isebenze kungabi ngaphezu kwama-intshi angu-8 kuya kwangu-10 ezinto ezikhululekile ngokuphakamisa ngakunye. I-plate compactor ekugcwaliseni okuhlanganisiwe ifinyelela phezulu ngamasentimitha angu-6 kuya kwangu-8 ngokuphakamisa ngakunye ngaphansi kwezimo eziningi zesayithi. Ukuzama ukuqinisa ukuphakanyiswa kwamasentimitha angu-14 ngesikhathi esisodwa kuveza umbono othembekile - ubuso buqina, konke kubukeka kahle, futhi ingxenye engezansi yokuphakanyiswa ayikathintwa amandla okuqiniswa abalulekile. Leyo layer engaqiniswanga iyisiphetho esilindele ukwenzeka.
Inani labadlulayo aliyona nje into evamile. Isisekelo somsebenzi omningi womsele ohambisana nemininingwane yiziphasi ezimbili ezihambisanayo ngokuphakamisa ngakunye nge-rammer, noma iziphasi ezimbili eziqondile ezine-plate compactor. Eduze kweziphasi zomgwaqo ezinobumba obuningi, iziphasi ezintathu ziyisisekelo esivikelekile kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, iziphasi ezengeziwe ziveza imbuyiselo enciphayo uma izinto zifika ezingeni lazo eliphezulu le-Proctor - futhi ukusunduza kudlule lelo phuzu enhlabathini ehlangene kungabangela ukwehluleka kwe-shear kunokuba kube nokuminyana okwengeziwe, okufana nokuminyana kokuqinisa ibholthi.
Inhlabathi ihlangana kahle kakhulu lapho inomswakama ofanele noma eduze kwawo - ngokuvamile cishe amaphesenti ayi-13 kuya kwangu-15 ukuze kugcwaliswe ubumba. Ngaphansi kwalelo banga, izinhlayiya zomhlabathi ziyamelana nokuhlela kabusha kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umshini wenza amaphasi amangaki. Ngaphezu kwayo, iphasi liba yipulasitiki futhi lisunduze eceleni esikhundleni sokuncipha liye phansi, okungenye yezindlela amapayipi asuswa ngazo. Empeleni, lokhu kusho ukuhlola umswakama wokugcwalisa ngaphambi kokuba kungene i-lift yokuqala, ikakhulukazi uma usebenzisa izinto zomdabu ezimbiwe ebezihleli enqwabeni yempango phakathi nesimo sezulu esishintshashintshayo. Iphasi elimanzi nelinamathelayo elibonakala limanzi lidinga isikhathi sokukhipha amanzi noma kufanele lifakwe umoya ngokusabalalisa nokujika ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukuqina. Ukwengeza amaphasi amaningi ekugcwalisweni okumanzi akusikho okunye okungathatha indawo yokulinda - kumane kuchitha isikhathi nophethiloli ngenkathi inhlabathi ihleka umshini.
I-geometry yomsele isusa imishini eminingi yokuminyana ngaphambi kokuthi uxoxe ngohlobo lomhlabathi. Imisele ejwayelekile yokusebenza inobubanzi obungamasentimitha angu-18 kuya kwangu-36, futhi uma ipayipi liphakathi nendawo, indawo yokusebenza ilinganiselwe. I-plate compactor ibanzi kakhulu kulezi zimo eziningi futhi ayinandlela yokuhambahamba eduze kwamajoyinti noma ama-fittings ngaphandle kokufaka ingozi yomonakalo. I-baseplate encane ye-rammer - amasentimitha angu-11 kuya kwangu-13 kumamodeli amaningi - ingena kahle eduze kwendawo yepayipi, futhi ukuma okuqondile kokusebenza kusho ukuthi umshini ungaphathwa kusukela onqenqemeni lomsele ngaphandle kokufaka opharetha ekumbeni.
Ekugcwalisweni kwendalo okugcwele ubumba, okuyisimo esivame kakhulu ekufakweni kwemisele yasemadolobheni, ukushaya kwe-rammer okunamandla nakho kuyithuluzi elifanele lezinto zokwakha. Izinhlayiya zobumba ziyahlangana nge-chemistry engaphezulu, hhayi ukungqubuzana, futhi aziphenduli ngendlela enenjongo ekudlidlizeni. Zidinga amandla okushaya ngqo ukuze zikhulule umoya namanzi avalelekile kusuka ku-matrix yomhlabathi. Yilokhu kanye okulethwa yi-rammer - kanye nalokho kanye i-plate compactor engakwazi ukukunikeza ngokuthembekile ezintweni ezihlangene.
Ukuzwa umhlabathi ngebhuthi lakho akuyona isivivinyo sokuminyana. Kuwukuqagela. Izindlela ezimbili zasensimini ezisebenza ngempela kurekhodi lephrojekthi yi-nuclear density gauge (ASTM D6938), enikeza ukufundwa okusheshayo kobuningi kanye nomswakama endaweni, kanye nesivivinyo se-sand cone (ASTM D1556), esihamba kancane kodwa esingadingi imishini elinganisiwe ngaphandle kwamathuluzi ayisisekelo esayithi. Zombili ziveza umphumela njengephesenti lobuningi bomile obukhulu be-Proctor. Endaweni enkulu yokugcwalisa, imininingwane eminingi yomgwaqo kanye nezinsiza idinga u-95% we-Standard Proctor. Ngaphakathi kwamasentimitha angu-12 aphezulu ngaphansi kwendlela, u-98% uyisidingo esivamile.
I-cadence yokuhlola esebenzayo yokuwela umgwaqo ukuhlolwa okukodwa kobuningi ngamafidi ayi-100 omugqa womsele ngokuphakamisa ngakunye, kanye nokuhlolwa okukodwa ngokuphakamisa ngakunye emsebenzini ohloliwe. Uma ukuhlolwa kubuyela ngaphansi kwe-spec, sebenzisa amanye amaphasi amabili bese uhlola kabusha ngaphambi kokubeka ukukhuphuka okulandelayo. Ukwengeza ukugcwalisa okwengeziwe ezintweni ezingaxinene kahle akuxazululi inkinga - kuyayigqiba, futhi ekugcineni ubuso bomhlaba buzokuthola.
Ukukhetha umshini wokuminyanisa ofanele kuyisinqumo sokuqala, futhi ukuwenza kabi kuthinta konke okulandelayo. Ukuze uthole incazelo ecacile yokuthi kufanele usebenzise nini i-tamping rammer uma kuqhathaniswa ne-plate compactor — kufaka phakathi uhlobo lomhlabathi, ukujula kokuphakamisa, i-geometry yendawo, kanye nezindleko — funda umhlahlandlela wethu ogcwele: [ I-Rammer vs. Compactor: Ukwembula Umehluko Oyinhloko ].
