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Kampani yogulitsa zida zomangira yomwe yakhala ikupereka mayankho a makina omangira kwa zaka 30.
Chilankhulo
Kampani yogulitsa zida zomangira yomwe yakhala ikupereka mayankho a makina omangira kwa zaka 30.
Nayi nkhani yomwe imachitika nthawi zambiri m'malo omanga nyumba kuposa momwe aliyense angavomereze: ngalande imadzazidwanso, pamwamba pake pakonzedwanso, ogwira ntchito amanyamula katundu, ndipo patatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, mzere womira umaonekera pamzere womwewo wa malo ogwirira ntchito. Panjira imagwa, kasitomala amayimba foni, ndipo mwadzidzidzi aliyense akuyesera kudziwa kuti ndi ndani amene walakwitsa. Yankho loona mtima, nthawi zambiri, ndilakuti palibe amene adachita cholakwika kwambiri - amangoona kutsekeka kwa malo osungiramo madzi ngati njira yomaliza m'malo mwa sitepe yomangira yomwe ili. Bukuli lilipo kuti likonze lingaliro limenelo, chifukwa kupeza kutsekeka kwa malo osungiramo madzi sikovuta mukamvetsetsa zomwe zikuchitika pansi pa nthaka komanso chifukwa chake sitepe iliyonse ndi yofunika.
Zinthu ziwiri zomwe zimayambitsa kukhazikika kwa ngalande pambuyo pa ngalande ndi zinthu zosakwanira kudzaza ndi kupsinjika. Kudzaza kolakwika n'kosavuta kuziona ndipo nthawi zambiri kumagwidwa msanga. Kupsinjika kosakwanira kumakhala kobisika - pamwamba pake pamakhala kolimba pomwe malo osakwanira kudzaza ndi pansi pa mulingo, kuyembekezera mwakachetechete kuti magalimoto ambiri kapena nyengo yamvula igwe. Ikatha, siipita nthawi imodzi. Imatsika pang'onopang'ono mu mzere wodziwika bwino womwe umatsatira bwino mzere wa ngalande, zomwe zimapangitsa oyang'anira kudziwa bwino zomwe akuyang'ana.
Kulephera kwachiwiri sikuoneka bwino koma kumakhudza kwambiri kapangidwe kake. Mapaipi osinthasintha — PVC, HDPE, chitsulo cholimba — amadalira nthaka yozungulira kuti apereke chithandizo cha mbali. Zinthu zozungulira chitolirocho zikapanda kukhazikika bwino, chitolirocho chimasokonekera chifukwa cha kulemera koyima. Gawo lake lopingasa limasinthasintha kuchoka pa chozungulira kupita pa chozungulira, kupsinjika kwa khoma kumawonjezeka, ndipo pakapita nthawi chitolirocho chimalephera kale kwambiri chisanafike nthawi yopangidwa. Simudzawona izi mpaka kamera itayang'ana kapena, choipa kwambiri, kugwa. Zotsatira zake zonse zimaphatikizapo kukambirana kovuta komanso kufukula kokwera mtengo.
Kusintha kwa maganizo komwe kumathandiza kwambiri pantchito yobwezeretsa madzi m'ngalande ndikusiya kuganiza za ngalande ngati dzenje limodzi lalikulu loti mudzaze ndikuyamba kuganiza za madera atatu osiyana omwe ali pamwamba pa ena. Dera lililonse lili ndi maudindo osiyanasiyana a kapangidwe kake, zofunikira zosiyanasiyana zomangira, ndipo nthawi zina, zida zosiyanasiyana. Kuthana nazo zonse ndi komwe mavuto ambiri omangira madzi amayambira.
Chipinda chogona chimakhala pansi pa chitoliro — nthawi zambiri mainchesi 4 mpaka 6 a zinthu zoyikidwa mosamala zomwe zimapatsa chitoliro malo ofanana, ogawa katundu kuti chikhalepo. Chigawo ichi sichimangiriridwa ndi zida zamagetsi. Chimayikidwa ndi manja ndikuponderezedwa pang'ono, chifukwa chomwe mukuyesera kupewa ndikuyika pansi pa mbiya ya chitoliro. Zipangizo zonyamula, zomwe zimadzaza kuyambira pabedi mpaka pakati pa chitoliro mbali zonse ziwiri, ndi malo othandizira — mwina ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa kapangidwe ka ngalande yonse. Gwiritsani ntchito pano ndi rammer yopepuka yomwe imasungidwa mainchesi osachepera 12 kuchokera pakhoma la chitoliro, ndikuponderezedwa mosamala popanda kupanga mphamvu zogunda zomwe zingasunthe chitoliro kapena kuwononga malo ake olumikizirana. Tengani nthawi yanu muchigawo ichi. Zonse zomwe zili pamwamba pake zimadalira kuti chichitike bwino.
Kuyambira pafupifupi mainchesi 12 pamwamba pa chitoliro mpaka pafupifupi mainchesi 18 pansi pa malo omalizidwa ndi komwe kuli mphamvu yokakamiza. Zambiri mwa mapulojekitiwa zimafuna 95% ya kuchuluka kwa Standard Proctor (ASTM D698) kudzera m'derali kuti zidutse misewu, ndipo nambala imeneyo imatanthauza china chake - sichingayang'aniridwe kapena kuyerekezedwa ndi kumverera. Apa ndi pomwe rammer yopondereza imapeza malo ake, makamaka m'ngalande zopapatiza zodzazidwa ndi dothi logwirizana. Pansi pake pali chitoliro chopapatiza popanda kusokoneza, mphamvu yake yokhudza imalowa molunjika kudzera pa lift iliyonse, ndipo imagwira ntchito pa dongo lodzaza m'njira yomwe makina ogwiritsira ntchito kugwedezeka sangagwirizane nayo. Ngati munayamba mwadzifunsapo chifukwa chake kusankha zida ndikofunikira kwambiri pantchito ya ngalande, iyi ndi dera lomwe limafotokoza izi. Kuti mudziwe zambiri za nthawi yomwe rammer imachita bwino kuposa plate compactor - komanso pamene sichita - [kalozera wathu pa Rammer vs. Compactor: Kuwulula Kusiyana Kofunika Kwambiri ] ikufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane za chisankhocho.
Gawo lapamwamba — mainchesi 12 mpaka 18 omaliza asanafike pansi kapena panjira — ndi pomwe zinthu zimatseguka mokwanira kuti zibweretse chogwirizira mbale, makamaka ngati m'lifupi mwa ngalandezo zilola ndipo kudzaza kumasintha kupita ku zinthu zophatikizana kapena zogwirira ntchito zapansi pa msewu. Liwiro ndi kuphimba pamwamba zimakhala zothandiza kwambiri pano kuposa kulowa kwakuya. Ma pass awiri opingasa okhala ndi chogwirizira mbale chosinthika kudutsa chokweza chomaliza ndiye chocheperako. Musadule gawo ili chifukwa chakuti lili pafupi ndi pamwamba — limatenga katundu wolunjika kwambiri wa magalimoto, ndipo ndi gawo lomwe limasonyeza kukhazikika koyamba.
Ngati pali lamulo limodzi lolekanitsa ogwira ntchito omwe nthawi zambiri amalephera mayeso okakamiza ndi ogwira ntchito omwe amalephera nthawi zonse, ndi ili: gwiritsani ntchito zokweza zopyapyala ndikuwerengera nthawi iliyonse. Chogwirira ntchito chodzaza chogwirizana chiyenera kugwira ntchito pa zinthu zosapitirira mainchesi 8 mpaka 10 za zinthu zotayirira pa chokweza chilichonse. Chogwirizira mbale chomwe chili ndi granular fill chimafika mainchesi 6 mpaka 8 pa chokweza chilichonse pansi pa malo ambiri. Kuyesa kulimbitsa chokweza cha mainchesi 14 nthawi imodzi kumabweretsa chinyengo chodalirika - pamwamba pake pamalimba, chilichonse chikuwoneka bwino, ndipo theka la pansi la chokweza silinakhudzidwe ndi mphamvu yokakamiza yofunikira. Gawo losagwedezekalo ndi malo osungira omwe akuyembekezera kuchitika.
Kuchuluka kwa anthu odutsa si mwambo chabe. Chiyambi cha ntchito zambiri zoyendera ngalande zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zofunikira ndi maulendo awiri olumikizana pa kukweza ndi rammer, kapena maulendo awiri opingasa okhala ndi chogwirizira mbale. Pafupi ndi malo odutsa msewu okhala ndi dothi lolemera, maulendo atatu ndi maziko otetezedwa bwino. Kupatula apo, maulendo ena amapereka phindu lochepa pamene zinthuzo zafika pamlingo woyenera wa Proctor - ndipo kukankhira pamwamba pa nthaka yogwirizana kungayambitse kulephera kwa shear m'malo mowonjezera kukhuthala, komwe kuli kofanana ndi kukanikiza bolt mwamphamvu.
Dothi limakhuthala bwino kwambiri pa chinyezi chake chabwino kapena pafupi ndi chomwe chili nacho - nthawi zambiri pafupifupi 13 mpaka 15 peresenti kuti lizidzadze dothi. Pansi pa msinkhu umenewo, tinthu ta dothi timakana kukonzedwanso mosasamala kanthu kuti makinawo apanga ma pastes angati. Pamwamba pake, chizidzazo chimakhala pulasitiki ndikukankhira m'mbali m'malo momangika pansi, zomwe ndi njira imodzi yomwe mapaipi amasunthira. Mwachizolowezi, izi zikutanthauza kuyang'ana chinyezi cha chizidzazo musanalowe m'malo mwake, makamaka mukamagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zakutchire zomwe zakhala zikukumbidwa mu mulu wa zinyalala panthawi ya nyengo yosinthasintha. Chizidzazo chonyowa komanso chomata chimafunika nthawi kuti chizituluka kapena chiyenera kulowetsedwa mpweya pofalitsa ndikutembenuza chizidzazo chisanayambe. Kuwonjezera ma pastes ambiri ku chizidzazo chonyowa si njira yoloŵa m'malo mwa kudikira - zimangowononga nthawi ndi mafuta pamene dothi likuseka makinawo.
Mapangidwe a ngalande amachotsa zida zambiri zomangira musanayambe kukambirana za mtundu wa nthaka. Ngalande zogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse zimakhala ndi mainchesi 18 mpaka 36 m'lifupi, ndipo chitoliro chili pakati, malo ogwirira ntchito ndi ochepa. Chomangira mbale chimakhala chachikulu kwambiri pamavuto ambiri awa ndipo sichingathe kuyendayenda mozungulira mapaipi kapena zolumikizira popanda kuwononga. Chitoliro chopapatiza cha rammer - mainchesi 11 mpaka 13 pamitundu yambiri - chimakwanira bwino pafupi ndi malo a chitoliro, ndipo malo ogwirira ntchito oyima amatanthauza kuti makinawo akhoza kuyendetsedwa kuchokera m'mphepete mwa ngalande popanda kuyika wogwiritsa ntchitoyo mufukufuku.
Pa dothi lodzaza ndi dongo, lomwe ndi lofala kwambiri pakukumba ngalande m'mizinda, kugwedezeka kwa rammer ndi chida choyenera kugwiritsa ntchito. Tinthu ta dongo timalumikizana kudzera pamwamba, osati kukangana, ndipo sitichitapo kanthu bwino pakugwedezeka. Amafunika mphamvu yokhudza mwachindunji kuti atulutse mpweya ndi madzi omwe ali m'nthaka. Izi ndi zomwe rammer imapereka - komanso zomwe compactor ya mbale singathe kupereka modalirika muzinthu zogwirizana.
Kukhudza pansi ndi buti yanu si kuyesa kukanikiza. Ndi kungoganiza chabe. Njira ziwiri zomwe zili m'mbiri ya polojekitiyi ndi nuclear density gauge (ASTM D6938), yomwe imapereka kuwerengera kwachangu kwa density ndi chinyezi mkati mwake, ndi sand cone test (ASTM D1556), yomwe ndi yocheperako koma siifuna zida zoyezera kupitirira zida zoyambira. Zonsezi zimafotokoza zotsatira zake ngati peresenti ya density yayikulu ya Proctor. Pa malo osungiramo zinthu, njira zambiri zoyendetsera msewu ndi zofunikira zimafuna 95% ya Standard Proctor. Mkati mwa mainchesi 12 apamwamba pansi pa msewu, 98% ndiye chofunikira kwambiri.
Njira yoyesera yothandiza powoloka misewu ndi kuyesa kachulukidwe kamodzi pa mamita 100 a ngalande pa chokweza chilichonse, ndi kuyesa kamodzi pa chokweza chilichonse pa ntchito yowunikidwa. Ngati mayesowo abwerera pansi pa zomwe zafotokozedwa, yesani ma pass ena awiri ndikuyesanso musanayike chokweza china. Kuwonjezera kudzaza zinthu zambiri pa zinthu zosakwanira sikuthetsa vutoli - kumakwirira, ndipo pamapeto pake nthaka idzakupezani.
Kusankha makina oyenera ogwirizira ndi chisankho choyamba, ndipo kulakwitsa kumakhudza chilichonse chomwe chikutsatira. Kuti mudziwe bwino nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito tamping rammer poyerekeza ndi plate compactor - kuphatikiza mtundu wa nthaka, kuya kwa lift, geometry ya malo, ndi mtengo - werengani buku lathu lonse: [ Rammer vs. Compactor: Kuwulula Kusiyana Kofunika Kwambiri ].
