Rongorongo
He kaiwhakarato taputapu hanga mō ngā mīhini hanga mō ngā tau 30.
Reo
He kaiwhakarato taputapu hanga mō ngā mīhini hanga mō ngā tau 30.
Anei tētahi āhuatanga e kitea pinepine ana i ngā papa hangahanga i tua atu i te whakaae a te tangata: ka whakakīia te awaawa, ka whakahokia te mata, ka tākaihia e te kapa ngā mea, ā, i muri i ngā marama e ono ka puta he ara totohu i te rārangi tika o te ara o ngā ratonga. Ka heke te ara, ka waea mai te kiritaki, ā, kātahi ka ngana te katoa ki te rapu ko wai te he. Ko te whakautu pono, i te nuinga o te wā, ko te korenga o tetahi i mahi i tētahi mea tino hē - i whakaarohia noa e rātou te whakakīia o te awaawa hei tikanga whakamutunga, kaua ko te taahiraa hanganga. Kei konei tēnei aratohu hei whakatika i taua whakaaro, nā te mea ehara i te mea uaua te whakakīia tika o te awaawa ina mārama koe ki ngā mea e tupu ana i raro i te whenua me te hiranga o ia taahiraa.
Ko ngā tino take e rua o te taunga i muri i te rua ko te rauemi whakakī kino me te kore e tika te whakakī. He ngāwari te kite i te whakakī kino, ā, ka kitea wawetia. He huna te kore e tika te whakakī - ka taea te ahua totoka te mata, engari ko te rohe kāore i te tino tika e rua putu i raro i te whenua, e tatari marie ana kia heke te waka, kia heke rānei i te wā ua. Ina heke, kāore e heke katoa i te wā kotahi. Ka heke haere i roto i taua rārangi tohu e whai pai ana i te rārangi rua, koinei te huarahi e mōhio ai ngā kaitirotiro ki tā rātou e titiro ana.
Ko te momo rahunga tuarua he iti ake te kitea engari he nui ake te kino o te hanganga. Ko ngā paipa ngāwari — PVC, HDPE, maitai kōpiko — e whakawhirinaki ana ki te oneone e karapoti ana hei tautoko taha. Ina kore e tika te whakakīkī i te rauemi e karapoti ana i te paipa, ka huri te paipa i raro i te kawenga poutū. Ka neke tōna wāhanga whakawhiti mai i te porowhita ki te porowhita, ka nui haere te taumahatanga o te pakitara, ā, i roto i te wā ka rahua te paipa i mua noa atu i tōna oranga hoahoa. Kāore koe e kite i tēnei tae noa ki te tirotiro kāmera, i te mea kino atu rānei, ka hinga. Ko ngā putanga e rua he kōrero uaua me te keri utu nui.
Ko te huringa hinengaro tino whai hua i roto i te mahi whakakī i te awaawa ko te mutu te whakaaro ki te awaawa hei poka nui hei whakakī, engari me tīmata te whakaaro ki ngā rohe motuhake e toru e whakatakotoria ana tetahi ki runga i tetahi. He rerekē ngā kawenga hanganga o ia rohe, he rerekē ngā whakaritenga whakakīkī, ā, i ētahi wā, he rerekē ngā taputapu. Mā te whakaaro kotahi ki a rātou katoa ka tīmata te nuinga o ngā raruraru whakakīkī.
Kei raro tonu i te paipa te paparanga whāriki — he 4 ki te 6 inihi te roa o te rauemi kua ata whakatakotoria kia pai ai te tūnga o te paipa ki runga, kia tau ai te kawenga. Kāore tēnei rohe e whakakīkītia ki ngā taputapu hiko. Ka whakatakotoria ā-ringa, ka whakakīkītia mārire, nā te mea ko te mea e ngana ana koe ki te karo ko te utaina i raro i te oko paipa. Ko te rauemi whakatō, e whakakī ana mai i te whāriki ki te pokapū o te paipa i ngā taha e rua, ko te rohe tautoko taha — koinei pea te wāhanga tino nui o te hanganga o te awaawa katoa. Mahi ki konei me te rākau mama e puritia ana kia 12 inihi te iti rawa mai i te pakitara paipa, kia āta whakakīkītia me te kore e whakaputa i ngā kaha pānga ka taea te neke i te paipa, te kino rānei i ōna hononga. Kia ata noho i tēnei rohe. Ko ngā mea katoa i runga ake nei e whakawhirinaki ana ki te tika o te mahi.
Mai i te 12 inihi pea i runga ake i te tihi o te paipa ki te 18 inihi pea i raro i te mata kua oti te mahi whakakīkī. Ko te nuinga o ngā whakatakotoranga kaupapa e hiahia ana kia 95% o te kiato Paerewa Proctor (ASTM D698) mā roto i tēnei rohe mō ngā whiti rori, ā, he tikanga motuhake taua tau - kāore e taea te tirotiro, te whakatau tata rānei mā te pā. Koinei te wāhi e whiwhi ai te rammer tāmi i tōna tūranga, inā koa i roto i ngā rua whaiti kua whakakīia ki te oneone taketake piri. Ka uru tōna pereti turanga whaiti ki te taha o te paipa me te kore raruraru, ka uru poutū tōna kaha pānga mā roto i ia hiki, ā, ka mahi i runga i te whakakī uku i roto i te huarahi e kore e taea e ngā mīhini wiri te whakataurite. Mena kua whakaaro koe he aha te hiranga o te whiriwhiri taputapu i roto i te mahi rua, koinei te rohe e whakamārama ana. Mō te whakamārama katoa o te wā e pai ake ai te rammer i te rammer pereti - me te wā kāore - [tō mātou aratohu mō Rammer me te Compacter: Te hura i ngā rerekētanga matua ] e kapi ana i te whakataunga i ngā taipitopito katoa.
Ko te wāhanga o runga — arā, ko ngā 12 ki te 18 inihi whakamutunga i mua i te paparanga raro, i te paparanga ara rānei — te wāhi e tuwhera ai ngā āhuatanga hei whakauru i tētahi taputapu whakakī pereti, inā koa mēnā ka taea e te whānui o te awaawa, ā, ka huri te whakakī ki ngā rauemi kirikiri kawemai, ki ngā rauemi turanga rori rānei. Ka nui ake te whai hua o te tere me te taupoki mata i te urunga hohonu. Ko ngā haerenga poutū e rua me tētahi taputapu whakakī pereti hurihuri puta noa i te ara whakamutunga te paerewa iti rawa. Kaua e whakapoto i tēnei rohe nā te mea he tata ki te mata — koia te mea e tango ana i te kawenga waka tino tika, ā, ko te paparanga e whakaatu tuatahi ana i te taunga.
Mena he ture kotahi e wehewehe ana i ngā kapa e kore e rahua ana i ngā whakamātautau whakakīkī mai i ngā kapa e rahua ana i ngā wā katoa, koinei tēnei: mahi i roto i ngā hiki angiangi me te tatau i ia haerenga. Me mahi te rammer e mahi ana i runga i te whakakī piripono i runga i te kore e neke atu i te 8 ki te 10 inihi o ngā rauemi wetewete mō ia hiki. Ko te pereti whakakī i runga i te whakakī kirikiri ka eke ki te 6 ki te 8 inihi mō ia hiki i raro i te nuinga o ngā āhuatanga o te papa. Ko te ngana ki te whakakī i te hiki 14-inihi i te wā kotahi ka puta he whakaaro pono - ka mārō te mata, ka pai te āhua o ngā mea katoa, ā, kāore te haurua o raro o te hiki i pāngia e te kaha whakakīkī whai tikanga. Ko taua paparanga kāore i whakakīkīhia ko te taunga e tatari ana kia puta.
Ehara i te mea he tikanga noa iho te tatau i ngā putanga. Ko te tūāpapa mō te nuinga o ngā mahi awaawa e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga ko ngā putanga e rua e taupatupatu ana mō ia hiki me te rammer, ngā putanga poutū rānei e rua me te pereti compactor. I te taha o ngā whiti rori he nui te uku whenua, he tūāpapa pai ake te tiaki i ngā putanga e toru. Haunga tēnā, ka iti haere ngā hokinga mai o ngā putanga tāpiri ina tae te rauemi ki tōna taumata Proctor - ā, ko te pana atu i taua wāhi i runga i te oneone piripono ka taea te whakararu i te kutikuti kaua ki te whakakīkī anō, koinei te rite o te whakakīkī ki te whakakīkī rawa i te pūtu.
Ka tino whai hua te whakakīkī o te oneone i te taumata makuku tino pai, i te tata rānei ki tōna taumata - i te nuinga o te wā tata ki te 13 ki te 15 ōrau mō te whakakī uku. I raro iho i taua awhe, ka ātete ngā matūriki oneone ki te whakarerekētanga ahakoa te maha o ngā haerenga a te mīhini. I runga ake, ka kirihou te whakakī, ka pana ki te taha, kaua ki te whakakī ki raro, koinei hoki tētahi o ngā huarahi e nekehia ai ngā paipa. I roto i te mahi, ko te tikanga o tēnei ko te tirotiro i te makuku o te whakakī i mua i te hikinga tuatahi, inā koa kei te whakamahi koe i ngā rauemi taketake kua keria kua noho ki roto i te puranga paru i roto i ngā huarere rerekē. Me roa te wā e mimiti ai te whakakī mākū, piri, me horahia rānei mā te huri i mua i te tīmatanga o te whakakīkī. Kāore e taea te whakakapi i te tatari mā te tāpiri atu i ētahi atu haerenga ki te whakakī maku - ka moumou noa i te wā me te wahie i te mea ka kata te oneone ki te mīhini.
Ka whakakorea te nuinga o ngā taputapu whakakīkī i mua i te kōrero mō te momo oneone nā te āhua o te awaawa. Ko te whānui o ngā awaawa paerewa he 18 ki te 36 inihi, ā, nā te mea kei waenganui te paipa, he iti noa te wāhi mahi. He whānui rawa te pereti whakakīkī mō te nuinga o ēnei āhuatanga, ā, kāore he huarahi hei neke haere i ngā hononga paipa, i ngā taputapu rānei me te kore e tūpono ki te kino. Ko te pereti turanga whaiti o te rammer — 11 ki te 13 inihi i te nuinga o ngā tauira — ka tau pai ki te taha o te rohe paipa, ā, ko te tūnga mahi poutū ko te tikanga ka taea te whakahaere i te mīhini mai i te taha o te awaawa me te kore e tukuna te kaiwhakahaere ki te keri.
Mō te whakakī whenua e whakamahia ana te uku, koinei te āhuatanga tino noa i roto i te keri i ngā awaawa o ngā tāone nui, ko te pānga patu a te rammer te taputapu tika mō te rauemi. Ka piri ngā matūriki uku mā te matū o te mata, ehara i te waku, ā, kāore e aro nui ki te wiri. Me whai kaha pānga tika hei tuku i te hau me te wai kua mau mai i te papa oneone. Koinei tonu te mea e tukuna ana e te rammer - ā, koinei tonu te mea kāore e taea e te mīhini whakakī pereti te whakarato pono i roto i te rauemi piri.
Ehara te whāwhā i te whenua me tō pūtu i te whakamātautau whakakīkī. He whakaaro noa iho. Ko ngā tikanga e rua o te mara e mau ana i roto i te tuhinga kaupapa ko te ine kiato karihi (ASTM D6938), e hoatu ana i ngā pānui kiato me te makuku tere i te wāhi, me te whakamātautau kōne onepu (ASTM D1556), he puhoi ake engari kāore e hiahiatia he taputapu kua whakatikatikaina i tua atu i ngā taputapu papa taketake. E whakaatu ana ngā mea e rua i te hua hei ōrau o te kiato maroke mōrahi a Proctor. Mō te rohe whakakī matua, ko te nuinga o ngā whakaritenga rori me ngā ratonga e hiahia ana kia 95% o te Paerewa Proctor. I roto i ngā 12 inihi o runga i raro i te papa, ko te 98% te whakaritenga noa.
Ko te whakamātautau i te tere o te whakawhiti rori he whakamātautau kiato kotahi mō ia 100 putu rārangi o te awaawa mō ia hiki, me te whakamātautau kotahi mō ia huringa hiki i runga i te mahi i tirotirohia. Mena ka hoki mai te whakamātautau i raro i te whakaritenga, whakahaerehia kia rua atu ngā haerenga ka whakamātautau anō i mua i te whakatakoto i te hiki e whai ake nei. Kāore te tāpiri atu i te whakakī ki runga i te rauemi kāore i te tino matotoru e whakaoti i te raruraru - ka tanumia, ā, i te mutunga ka kitea e te mata o te whenua māu.
Ko te whiriwhiri i te mīhini whakakī tika te whakatau tuatahi, ā, ko te hē o te mahi ka pā ki ngā mea katoa e whai ake nei. Mō tētahi whakamārama mārama mō te wā e whakamahia ai te mīhini whakakī tāmi me te mīhini whakakī pereti — tae atu ki te momo oneone, te hohonu o te hiki, te āhua o te papa, me te utu — pānuihia tā mātou aratohu katoa: [ Rammer me te Compacter: Te hura i ngā rerekētanga matua ].
