Mupi wezvishandiso zvekuvaka kwemakore makumi matatu.
Mutauro
Mupi wezvishandiso zvekuvaka kwemakore makumi matatu.
Heino mamiriro ezvinhu anowanzoitika panzvimbo dzekuvaka kupfuura zvinobvumwa nemunhu wese: mugero unozadzwa, pamusoro pawo pagadziriswa, vashandi vanorongedza, uye mushure memwedzi mitanhatu mutsetse unonyura unoonekwa pamutsetse chaiwo webasa remagetsi. Nzira inodonha, mutengi anofona, uye kamwe kamwe munhu wese ari kuedza kuona kuti imhosva yaani. Mhinduro yechokwadi, kazhinji, ndeyekuti hapana akaita chero chinhu chisina kunaka - vakangotora backfill compaction senzira yekupedzisira pane nhanho yekuvaka chaiyo. Gwaro iri riripo kugadzirisa mafungiro iwayo, nekuti kugadzirisa trench compaction zvakanaka hakusi kwakaoma kana wangonzwisisa zviri kuitika pasi pevhu uye nei danho rega rega richikosha.
Zvinhu zviviri zvinonyanya kukonzera kuti mvura isanyatsobuda mugomba mushure mekubuda kwemvura zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvisina kuzara zvakanaka uye kusakwana kwemvura yakakwana. Kusazara zvakanaka kuri nyore kuona uye kazhinji kunowanikwa nekukurumidza. Kusazara zvakanaka kuri nyore - pamusoro pemvura kunogona kunzwa kwakasimba asi nzvimbo isina kuzara zvakanaka iri pasi pemamita maviri, ichimirira chinyararire kuti mvura ipinde kana mwaka wekunaya kwemvura utange kudonha. Kana yapera, haifambi yese panguva imwe chete. Inodonha zvishoma nezvishoma mumutsara unotevera mutsetse wemvura zvakanaka, ndizvo zvinoita kuti vaongorori vazive chaizvo zvavari kutarisa.
Kukundikana kwechipiri hakuoneki zvakanyanya asi kwakakomba zvikuru pakugadzirwa. Mapaipi anochinjika — PVC, HDPE, simbi yakakombama — anovimba nevhu rakatenderedza kuti ritsigire divi. Kana zvinhu zvakatenderedza pombi zvisina kusimba zvakanaka, pombi inoshanduka kana yakamira. Chikamu chayo chinoshanduka kubva padenderedzwa kuenda padenderedzwa, kumanikidzwa kwemadziro kunoungana, uye nekufamba kwenguva pombi inokundikana nguva refu isati yagadzirwa. Hauzooni izvi kusvika pakaongororwa kamera kana, zvakatoipa, kudonha. Chero mhedzisiro yacho inosanganisira hurukuro yakaoma uye kuchera kunodhura.
Chinhu chimwe chete chinobatsira zvikuru pakushanda kwekugadzirisa gomba rekudzokera shure kwegomba nderekurega kufunga nezvegomba guru rekuzadza wotanga kurifunga senzvimbo nhatu dzakasiyana dzakaiswa pamusoro pedzimwe. Nzvimbo imwe neimwe ine mabasa akasiyana ekuvaka, zvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvekugadzirisa gomba, uye mune dzimwe nguva, michina yakasiyana. Kuzvirapa zvese zvakafanana ndipo panotangira matambudziko mazhinji ekugadzirisa gomba.
Rutivi rwemagumbeze rwunogara pasi pepombi — kazhinji masendimita mana kusvika matanhatu echinhu chakaiswa zvakanaka chinopa pombi nzvimbo yakafanana, inogovera mutoro kuti igare pairi. Nzvimbo iyi haimanikidzwi nemidziyo yemagetsi. Inoiswa nemaoko uye inonamirwa zvishoma, nekuti chauri kuedza kudzivirira kurodha pasi pebhare repombi. Chinhu chinosundira, chinozadzwa kubva pamubhedha kusvika pakati pepombi kumativi ese, ndiyo nzvimbo yekutsigira divi — zvichida chikamu chakakosha kwazvo chemugero wese. Shanda pano nerammer yakareruka yakachengetwa masendimita makumi matatu nemaviri kubva pamadziro epombi, ichinamirwa nokungwarira pasina kugadzira masimba ekurova anogona kushandura pombi kana kukuvadza majoini ayo. Tora nguva yako munzvimbo iyi. Zvese zviri pamusoro payo zvinoenderana nekuti yaitwa nemazvo.
Kubva pamasendimita angangoita 12 pamusoro pepombi kusvika pamasendimita angangoita 18 pasi penzvimbo yapera ndipo panogara simba rekumanikidza. Mazhinji emapurojekiti anoda 95% yeStandard Proctor density (ASTM D698) kuburikidza nenzvimbo iyi yekuyambuka migwagwa, uye nhamba iyoyo inoreva chimwe chinhu chaicho - hachigone kutariswa kana kufungidzirwa nemanzwiro. Apa ndipo panowana nzvimbo yesimbi inodhonza, kunyanya mumakomba matete akazadzwa nevhu remuno rakabatana. Baseplate yayo yakamanikana inokodzera papombi pasina drama, simba rayo rekurova rinopinda rakamira kuburikidza nekusimudza kwega kwega, uye rinoshanda pakuzadza kwevhu nenzira isingakwanise kuenderana nemashini akavakirwa pakudengenyeka. Kana wakambozvibvunza kuti sei kusarudza michina kuchikosha zvakanyanya mubasa remugero, iyi ndiyo nzvimbo inotsanangura izvozvo. Kuti uwane kutsanangurwa kwakazara kwekuti simba rinodhonza rinopfuura rini plate compactor - uye kana risingadaro - [gwaro redu pamusoro Rammer vs. Compactor: Kufumura Misiyano Yakakosha ] inofukidza chisarudzo chacho zvakadzama.
Chikamu chepamusoro — 12 kusvika 18 inches yekupedzisira pamberi pe sub-base kana pavement layer — ndipo panozovhurika mamiriro ezvinhu zvakakwana kuti pave ne plate compactor, kunyanya kana upamhi hwe trench huchibvumira uye kuzadza kuchichinja kuenda kune zvinhu zvakatorwa kubva kunze kana road base aggregate. Kumhanya nekufukidza pamusoro pemvura kunobatsira pano kupfuura kupinda mukati memvura. Nzira mbiri dzakatwasuka dzine reversible plate compactor pamusoro pe final lift ndiyo inonyanya kukosha. Usadimburire nzvimbo iyi nekuti iri pedyo nepamusoro pemvura — inotora mutoro wakananga wemotokari, uye ndiyo layer inoratidza kugara kwekutanga.
Kana paine mutemo mumwe chete unoparadzanisa vashandi vasingawanzokundikana bvunzo dzekumanikidza kubva kuvashandi vanokundikana nguva dzose, ndeuyu: shandai muzvikwidzo zvitete uye verengai mapasi ese. Rammer inoshanda pazvikwidzo zvakabatana haifanirwe kunge ichishanda pane zvinhu zvisina kusimba zvinopfuura 8 kusvika 10 inches pakusimudza. Plate compactor iri pa granular fill inosvika 6 kusvika 8 inches pakusimudza pasi penzvimbo dzakawanda. Kuedza kumanikidza kusimudza kwemainji 14 panguva imwe chete kunoita kuti pave nekufungidzira kwakavimbika - pamusoro payo pakasimba, zvese zvinotaridzika zvakanaka, uye hafu yepasi yekusimudza haina kubatwa nesimba rekumanikidza rine revo. Rutivi irworwo rusina kumanikidzwa ndiro rinomirira kuitika.
Kuwanda kwevanhu vanopasa hakusi kungotevedzera mitemo chete. Chinhu chekutanga chekushanda kwemugero wemvura unoenderana nezvinodiwa ndechekuti vanhu vanopasa kaviri pamunhu mumwe nemumwe vachishandisa rammer, kana kuti vanhu vanopasa kaviri vakamira neplate compactor. Pedyo nenzvimbo dzinoyambuka migwagwa dzine simbi yevhu, vanhu vanopasa katatu inzira yekudzivirira. Kupfuura izvozvo, vanhu vanopasa vamwe vanopa mhedzisiro yakaderera kana zvinhu zvasvika padanho rakakodzera reProctor - uye kusundira mberi kwenzvimbo iyoyo pavhu rakabatana kunogona kukonzera kukuvara kwemugero pane kuwedzera kuomarara, izvo zvakafanana nekusimbaradza bhaudhi zvakanyanya.
Ivhu rinobatana zvakanaka kana kuti pedyo nepahunyoro hwaro hwakakwana - kazhinji kacho 13 kusvika ku15 muzana yekuzadza ivhu zvakanyanya. Pasi pehuwandu ihwohwo, zvidimbu zvevhu zvinoramba kugadziriswa zvisinei nekuti muchina unogadzira mapasi mangani. Pamusoro payo, kuzadza kunoitwa purasitiki uye kunosundira parutivi pane kudzvanya pasi, inova imwe yenzira dzinoshandiswa nemapombi. Mukuita, izvi zvinoreva kutarisa hunyoro hwekuzadza usati watanga kusimudza, kunyanya kana uchishandisa zvinhu zvakacherwa zvagara mudutu retsvina munguva yemamiriro ekunze akasiyana. Kuzadza kunooneka kwakanyorova, kunonamira kunoda nguva yekubuda mvura kana kuti kunofanira kufefeterwa nemhepo nekupararira nekutenderera kudzvanya kusati kwatanga. Kuwedzera mamwe mapasi kukuzadza kwakanyorova hakusi kutsiva kumirira - zvinongopedza nguva nemafuta nepo ivhu richiseka muchina.
Maitiro emugero anobvisa michina yakawanda yekumanikidza usati watombotanga kutaura nezvemhando yevhu. Migero yakajairika ine upamhi hwemasendimita 18 kusvika 36, uye nepombi iri pakati, nzvimbo yekushanda inogumira. Chinogadzirisa plate chakakura zvakanyanya kune akawanda emamiriro ezvinhu aya uye hachina nzira yekufamba-famba nemajoini epombi kana fittings pasina njodzi yekukuvara. Baseplate yakamanikana yerammer - 11 kusvika 13 inches pamamodeli mazhinji - inokwana zvakanaka pamwe chete nenzvimbo yepombi, uye kumira kwakamira kunoreva kuti muchina unogona kutarisirwa kubva kumucheto wemugero pasina kuisa mushandi mukuchera.
Pakuzara kwevhu, inova ndiyo inonyanya kuitika mukuchera migero yemumaguta, kurovera kwemutambi werammer ndicho chishandiso chakakodzera chechinhu chacho. Zvidimbu zvevhu zvinobatana kuburikidza nemakemikari epamusoro, kwete kukweshana, uye hazvipinduri zvine musoro kana zvadengenyeka. Zvinoda simba rekurovera zvakananga kuti zviburitse mhepo nemvura zvakavharirwa kubva muvhu. Izvi ndizvo chaizvo zvinopihwa nerammer - uye izvo chaizvo zvisingagone kupihwa neplate compactor yakavimbika muzvinhu zvakabatana.
Kunzwa pasi nebhutsu yako hakusi kuyedza kudzvanya. Ifungidziro. Nzira mbiri dzemunda dzinonyatsoonekwa muchirongwa ichi ndedze nuclear density gauge (ASTM D6938), iyo inopa kuverenga kwekukurumidza kwehunyoro uye hunyoro mukati, uye bvunzo ye sand cone (ASTM D1556), iyo inononoka asi haidi michina yakaganhurirwa kupfuura zvishandiso zvepakutanga. Dzese dzinoratidza mhedzisiro sechikamu chehuwandu hweProctor dry density. Kune nzvimbo huru yekudzokera shure, migwagwa yakawanda uye mashandisirwo emagetsi anoda 95% yeStandard Proctor. Mukati memainji gumi nemaviri epamusoro pasi pevhu, 98% ndiyo inodiwa zvakanyanya.
Nzira yekuedza inoshanda yekuyambuka migwagwa ndeyekuyedza huwandu hwemvura pamatanho zana emugero, uye kuyedza kumwe chete pakuchinja kwemugero pabasa rakaongororwa. Kana bvunzo ikadzoka pasi pezvinodiwa, mhanya mamwe mapasi maviri woedzazve usati waisa rimwe rinotevera. Kuwedzera mamwe mazadza pamusoro pezvinhu zvisina kusimba hakugadzirisi dambudziko - rinoviga, uye pakupedzisira pasi richakuwana rakakunakira.
Kusarudza muchina wekumanikidza wakakodzera ndicho chisarudzo chekutanga, uye kuukanganisa kunokanganisa zvese zvinotevera. Kuti uwane ruzivo rwakadzama rwekuti ungashandisa riini tamping rammer kana kuti plate compactor — kusanganisira rudzi rwevhu, kudzika kwechikwidzo, geometry yenzvimbo, uye mutengo — verenga gwara redu rakazara: [ Rammer vs. Compactor: Kufumura Misiyano Yakakosha ].
