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Kampani yogulitsa zida zomangira yomwe yakhala ikupereka mayankho a makina omangira kwa zaka 30.
Chilankhulo
Kampani yogulitsa zida zomangira yomwe yakhala ikupereka mayankho a makina omangira kwa zaka 30.
Tangoganizirani izi: mwangomaliza kudzaza ngalande, pamwamba pake pakuwoneka ngati pali ming'alu, ogwira ntchito akusangalala, ndipo patatha miyezi itatu - dzenje lozama. Palibe amene amafuna kukambirana ndi kasitomala. Nthawi zambiri, vuto si zinthu zodzaza kapena khama la ogwira ntchito. Ndi makina olakwika pantchitoyo. Kusankha pakati pa rammer ndi compactor kungawoneke ngati tsatanetsatane waung'ono, koma pamalo omanga, tsatanetsatane waung'ono umakhala ndi njira yokwera mtengo kwambiri. Bukuli limafotokoza kusiyana kwenikweni kuti mutha kuyimba koyenera simenti isanathiridwe - osati itatha.
Poyamba, rammer ndi plate compactor zimaoneka ngati zikusewera masewera omwewo: zonse zimakanikiza dothi, zonse zimayendera pa petulo kapena dizilo, ndipo zonse zimagwedezeka mokwanira kuti zitulutse madzi. Koma momwe zimakanikira dothi ndi zosiyana kwambiri, ndipo kusiyana kumeneko ndiye nkhani yonse.
Chojambulira champhamvu — chomwe nthawi zambiri chimatchedwa jumping jack, chomwe mwina ndi dzina labwino kwambiri pazida zomangira — chimagwira ntchito pogunda pansi mobwerezabwereza. Makina a kasupe amatsegula makinawo mmwamba ndikubwerera pansi pa mbale yopapatiza pakati pa 500 ndi 750 pamphindi. Taganizirani izi ngati choyendetsa chosasunthika, chosatopa chomwe chimalowa mu ngalande. Kugundana kumeneku, komwe kumakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, ndiko komwe kumagawa tinthu ta nthaka tomangika bwino ndikutulutsa mpweya ndi madzi omwe ali m'nyumbamo.
Koma chogwirizira mbale chimagwedezeka m'malo mogwedezeka. Kulemera kozungulira mkati kumapanga kugwedezeka komwe kumadutsa mu mbale yayikulu yachitsulo yosalala kulowa m'nthaka yomwe ili pansi pake. Kugwedezeka kumeneko kumapangitsa kuti tinthu ta nthaka tisagwirizane kwakanthawi, zomwe zimawalola kusuntha ndikukhazikika bwino. Chimaphimba nthaka mwachangu komanso mofanana - zomwe ndi zabwino kwambiri m'malo akuluakulu otseguka, ndipo sizokongola kwambiri mukamagwira ntchito mu ngalande yotalika mamita awiri.
Nayi gawo lomwe ma guides ambiri amalinyalanyaza: mtundu wa nthaka si chinthu chimodzi chokha pakati pa zambiri. Ndi chinthu chomwe chimapangitsa izi kukhala zofunika kwambiri. Kuchita molakwika sikungochepetsa mphamvu ya nthaka - kungapangitse kuti kukhuthala kwa nthaka kukhale koipa kwambiri.
Tinthu ta dongo ndi matope timalumikizana kudzera mu kapangidwe kake ka pamwamba, osati kukangana. Ndi olimba mtima, amasunga chinyezi, ndipo sayankha bwino kugwedezeka - ndichifukwa chake kutumiza plate compactor mu ngalande yodzazidwa ndi dongo ndi nkhondo yotayika. Chomwe nthaka imafuna ndi kugwedezeka mwachindunji, mobwerezabwereza kuti iwononge tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndikutulutsa mpweya wopanda kanthu. Umenewo ndiye ntchito ya rammer.
Pali chinyezi chomwe nthawi zambiri chimanyalanyazidwa. Dongo limapangidwa bwino kwambiri pa chinyezi chabwino kwambiri - pafupifupi 13 mpaka 15 peresenti pa dothi lalikulu lomwe limakhala ndi dongo. Pa chinyezi chimenecho, rammer imatha kuzama masentimita 8 mpaka 12 pa kukweza kulikonse. Likanyowa kwambiri, ndipo nthaka imakhala pulasitiki ndipo silingasunge kuchulukana. Limauma kwambiri, ndipo tinthu tating'onoting'ono timakana kukhuthala konse. Kuyesa mwachangu kwa Proctor ntchito isanayambe kumapulumutsa nthawi yambiri kuposa momwe imawonongera.
Mchenga, miyala, ndi zinthu zophwanyika zimagwira ntchito pa kukangana pakati pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Kugwedezeka kukafika pa zinthu zimenezi, kumathetsa kukanganako kwakanthawi kochepa ndipo kumalola tinthu tating'onoting'ono kuti tidzikonzekeretse tokha kukhala olimba kwambiri — monga kugwedeza mtsuko wa miyala mpaka itakhazikika. Chojambulira mbale chomwe chimagwira ntchito pa 75 mpaka 100 Hz chimachita izi kudutsa malo ambiri, nthawi zonse komanso mwachangu.
Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati mugwiritsa ntchito rammer pa dothi lopyapyala? Phazi lopapatiza limagunda pansi ndikuchotsa zinthuzo kunja m'malo mozipondereza pansi. Mukamaliza muli ndi dzenje lozunguliridwa ndi dothi lotayirira lomwe limawoneka lopapatiza pamwamba koma silili choncho. Ndi chimodzi mwa zolakwika zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuziona komanso zosavuta kudzimvera chisoni.
| Factor | Kuponda Rammer | Chopanga mbale |
|---|---|---|
| Momwe zimagwirizanirana | Kugunda kwamphamvu (500–750 BPM) | Kugwedezeka (75–100 Hz) |
| Mtundu wabwino kwambiri wa nthaka | Cohesive — dongo ndi matope | Granular — mchenga, miyala, miyala yophwanyika |
| Kuzama kwakukulu kwa kukweza | 8–12 mainchesi pa pass iliyonse | mainchesi 6–8 muyezo; mpaka mainchesi 12. pa mitundu yosinthika |
| Liwiro la kufalikira | Yochedwerapo — yabwino kwambiri m'malo otsekeredwa | 3–4 × mwachangu pamalo otseguka athyathyathya |
| Kulemera kwachizolowezi | Mapaundi 130–200 | 150–700 mapaundi kutengera mtundu |
Chimodzi mwa zolakwika zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri pa ntchito zomangirira ndikuyesera kukanikiza zinthu zambiri nthawi imodzi. N'zomveka - kukweza zinthu zochepa kumatanthauza nthawi yochepa. Koma sayansi sigwirizana. Chomangira mbale chimangoyendetsa mphamvu yake yogwedezeka kwambiri isanathe nthunzi. Kankhirani kudutsa kuzama kumeneko, ndipo mumapeza kutumphuka kolimba pamwamba pa zinthu zomangira pansi pake. Chipinda chimenecho chimakhala cholephera nthawi iliyonse katundu akagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Pa chojambulira cha mbale chokhazikika, malire ake ndi mainchesi 6 mpaka 8 a zinthu zotayirira pa chokweza chilichonse. Ma compactors osinthika okhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu ya centrifugal amatha kukankhira zimenezo pafupifupi mainchesi 10 mpaka 12 mu zinthu zopangidwa bwino. Chojambulira, chifukwa mphamvu yake yokhudza mphamvu imayenda molunjika komanso ndi mphamvu yayikulu pa dera lililonse, chimanyamula zokweza za mainchesi 10 mpaka 12 mu chodzaza chogwirizana - chomwe ndi phindu lofunika kwambiri pakudzaza kwakuya kwa ngalande, komwe kuzungulira kulikonse kokweza komwe kwasungidwa kumachepetsa nthawi yeniyeni yogwirira ntchito.
Msampha wina wodziwika bwino ndi kuweruza kukhuthala potengera mawonekedwe. Malo osalala, owoneka olimba sakukuuzani zambiri za zomwe zikuchitika mainchesi 1. Kuyesa kuyesa kuchuluka kwa nuclear density gauge kapena kuyesa mchenga pa kuya kwake ndiye chitsimikizo chokhacho chodalirika - ndipo ndikofunikira kuchita ntchito iliyonse yomwe kuthetsa vutoli kungakhale vuto.
Tiyeni tinene molunjika pa izi, chifukwa ndi nkhani yaikulu kuposa momwe atsogoleri ambiri amanenera. Kugwiritsa ntchito chojambulira mbale pa malo osungiramo zinthu okhala ndi dongo ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimaonekera kwambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zisamayende bwino pambuyo pa ntchito yomanga. Kugwedezeka kwa zinthuzi kumaphatikizana ndi zinthu zilizonse zomwe zili mumsanganizo koma kumasiya matumba ogwirizana pansi pake. Patatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, malo otsetsereka a msewu amagwa, chitoliro chogwirira ntchito chimasuntha, ndipo ndalama zokonzera zimafika ndi kukhumudwa kwa kasitomala.
Vuto lina - kugwiritsa ntchito rammer pa granular sub-base popangira block paving kapena driveway - kumapangitsa kuti slab ikhale yosagwirizana. Madontho ena amapindika bwino pomwe phazi limagunda mwachindunji; madera pakati pa ma pass sagwira ntchito. Mukayamba kudzaza magalimoto, malo olumikizirana ndi malo osweka amatsatira. Ndi mtundu wa kulephera komwe kumakhala kosavuta kunena kuti ndi chifukwa cha mtundu wa zinthu pomwe chifukwa chenicheni chinali kusankha zida.
Palinso ngodya yoti makina azigwiritsidwa ntchito. Kugwiritsa ntchito rammer pa zinthu zopyapyala kumathandizira kuwonongeka kwa pulasitiki ya phazi ndi masika, chifukwa makinawo amalimbana ndi kusuntha kwa zinthu m'malo molimbana ndi kupsinjika. Kugwiritsa ntchito chida cholakwika sikungobweretsa zotsatira zoyipa - kumafupikitsa moyo wa chipangizocho mwachangu kuposa momwe kampani yobwereka ingasangalalire.
Ndondomeko yosankha ndi yosavuta kuposa momwe ingawonekere. Ngati mukugwira ntchito mu ngalande, mozungulira maziko, kapena pamalo aliwonse otsekedwa okhala ndi zodzaza zolumikizana kapena zosakanikirana - rammer ndi makina anu. Mbiri yake yopapatiza, mphamvu yake yogunda kwambiri, komanso kulowa mozama zimapangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chokhacho chothandiza pamikhalidwe iyi. Ngati mukukonzekera malo otseguka apansi panthaka ya msewu, malo oimika magalimoto, patio, kapena msewu wolowera pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoyambira, chogwirizira mbale chimakhala chachangu, chokhazikika, komanso choyenera bwino momwe zinthuzo zimagwirira ntchito pamene zikugwedezeka.
Akatswiri ambiri odziwa bwino ntchito amakhala ndi makina onse awiri, chifukwa malo ambiri ali ndi mikhalidwe yonse iwiri. Sikuti kubwerezabwereza kumeneku ndi kukonzedwa. Chojambulira cha rammer ndi chojambulira cha mbale pamodzi chimaphimba pafupifupi zochitika zonse zokakamiza zomwe mungakumane nazo pakukakamiza, ndipo mtengo wophatikizidwa ndi wotsika kwambiri kuposa mtengo wa ntchito imodzi yokakamiza yomwe yalephera.
Mkangano wa rammer ndi compactor sikutanthauza kuti ndi makina ati omwe ali bwino kuposa ena. Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti compaction ndi vuto la sayansi ya zinthu, ndipo zida zoyenera ndi chilichonse chomwe chikugwirizana ndi fizikisi ya nthaka pamalo anu enieni. Chitani bwino, ndipo chilichonse chomangidwa pamwamba pake chili ndi mwayi womenyana.
Langizo lachangu: nthawi zonse tchulani deta yanu ya Proctor compaction ya lipoti lanu la geotechnical ndi kuya kwa lift komwe wopanga amalangiza pa makina omwe mukugwiritsa ntchito. Manambala awiriwa pamodzi adzaletsa kulephera kwa compaction nthawi zambiri asanayambe.
