Product Knowledge Popularization
Kampani yogulitsa zida zomangira yomwe yakhala ikupereka mayankho a makina omangira kwa zaka 30.
Chilankhulo
Kampani yogulitsa zida zomangira yomwe yakhala ikupereka mayankho a makina omangira kwa zaka 30.
N’chifukwa chiyani mini excavator imatentha kwambiri ikagwira ntchito mosalekeza? Funso limeneli nthawi zambiri limabuka patatha maola angapo akuchotsa ngalande, kukonza kapena kuyika chitoliro, pamene kutentha kwa coolant kumakwera kuposa momwe kumagwirira ntchito nthawi zonse ndipo magwiridwe antchito a hydraulic amayamba kuchepa. Mu mini excavator zambiri za matani 1-2, kutentha kwambiri sikumayambitsidwa ndi chinthu chimodzi cholakwika. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala chifukwa cha kutentha komwe kumapitirira mphamvu ya makina oziziritsira pansi pa ntchito yokhazikika.
Kugwira ntchito mosalekeza kumaika mphamvu pa injini ya dizilo, pampu ya hydraulic, malo oziziritsira ndi makina otulutsa utsi pambuyo pokonza. Kuti azindikire kutentha kwambiri molondola, mainjiniya ayenera kuwunika momwe mpweya umayendera bwino, kuyenda kwa coolant, kupanga kutentha kwa hydraulic ndi kutentha kwa makina otulutsa mpweya kumathandizira ngati makina ophatikizika m'malo mokhala ngati zinthu zopatukana.
Mainjini ambiri ang'onoang'ono a dizilo amagwira ntchito mkati mwa kutentha kwa 80–95°C. Mafuta a hydraulic nthawi zambiri amakhala pakati pa 45–65°C, kutengera momwe zinthu zilili. Pakafukula kwambiri kapena kugwiritsa ntchito makina otsekera, pamakhala kuwonjezeka kwakanthawi. Kutentha kwambiri kumachitika pamene:
Kutentha kwa choziziritsira kumapitirira malire apamwamba a wopanga (nthawi zambiri kupitirira 100°C)
Mafuta a hydraulic amaposa malire otetezeka a kukhuthala
Ma alamu oletsa injini kapena machenjezo amayamba kugwira ntchito
Kutayika kapena kuwira kwa choziziritsira kumawonedwa
Kutentha kosalekeza kupitirira malire awa kumasonyeza kuti kutentha sikukwanira poyerekeza ndi katundu.
Pakafukulidwa mopitirira muyeso, mafuta amalowa m'malo mwake kuti mphamvu yake isapitirire. Kuthamanga kwambiri kwa kutentha kumabweretsa kutentha kowonjezereka komwe kuyenera kufalikira kudzera mu radiator ndi choziziritsira mafuta. Ngati mpweya wachepa kapena kuyenda kwa choziziritsira kwachepa, kutentha kumakwera pang'onopang'ono.
Mapampu a hydraulic amasintha mphamvu ya makina kukhala madzi oyenda a hydraulic. Kutayika kwa mphamvu kumawoneka ngati kutentha. Pakugwira ntchito kosalekeza:
Kuthamanga kwambiri kwa dongosolo kumawonjezera kutentha kwa mafuta
Kudutsa valavu yothandiza kumabweretsa kutentha kochulukirapo
Kusagwiritsa ntchito bwino pampu kumawonjezera katundu wa injini
Ngati mphamvu yoziziritsira mafuta a hydraulic si yokwanira, kutentha kwa mafuta komwe kumakwera kumawonjezeranso kutentha kwa injini chifukwa nthawi zambiri ma stack oziziritsira amagawidwa.
Inde, m'minda. Fumbi, udzu, tinthu ta dothi ndi zinyalala za zomangamanga zimasonkhana pakati pa zipsepse za radiator ndi pakati pa zoziziritsira. Ma mini-excavator nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ma stacked cooling modules (radiator, oil cooler, intercooler). Mpweya wochepa kudzera mu gawo limodzi umachepetsa mphamvu yonse yozizira.
Zizindikiro zake ndi izi:
Kutentha kumawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono kwa maola angapo
Fani ikuyenda mosalekeza pa liwiro lalikulu
Palibe kutuluka kwa choziziritsira komwe kumawoneka
Kuwunika kuyenera kuphatikizapo kulekanitsa ndi kuyeretsa maziko ozizira, osati kungopumira mpweya pamwamba.
Inde. Mafani amakina kapena amagetsi ayenera kusunga mpweya wokwanira pa liwiro lochepa. Mavuto omwe amabuka nthawi zambiri ndi awa:
Malamba a fan ovalidwa (m'makina oyendetsedwa ndi lamba)
Masamba a fan owonongeka
Zolakwika zamagetsi mu mafani olamulidwa ndi kutentha
Kusakhazikika bwino kwa fani
Kuchepa kwa mpweya woyenda pansi pa katundu wopitirira kumalepheretsa kusinthana kwa kutentha kokhazikika, makamaka m'malo okhala ndi mpweya wochepa wachilengedwe m'mizinda.
Zipangizo zamakono zofukula zinthu zakale zomwe zikutsatira malamulo a Gawo V omwe adafotokozedwa ndi European Commission ndi miyezo ya EPA Tier 4 Final yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi Environmental Protection Agency nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi Diesel Particulate Filters (DPF) ndipo, m'mitundu ina, Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR).
Machitidwe awa akuwonetsa zinthu zina zofunika pa kutentha:
Kukonzanso kwa DPF kumawonjezera kutentha kwa utsi
EGR imawonjezera kutentha kwa makina ozizira
Kuthamanga kwa utsi kumbuyo kungakweze kutentha kwa moto
Pa nthawi yokonzanso zinthu mwachangu pamodzi ndi kukumba kwambiri, kufunikira kwa kukana kutentha kumawonjezeka kwambiri.
Ma hydraulic oil cooler nthawi zambiri amakhala mkati mwa njira yofanana ndi radiator ya injini. Ngati kutentha kwa mafuta a hydraulic kukwera kwambiri chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwambiri kapena kulumikizidwa kosalekeza, gwiritsani ntchito:
Choziziritsira mafuta chimasamutsa kutentha kwina kupita ku mpweya wozizira
Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa radiator kumachepa
Kutentha kwa coolant kumawonjezeka pambuyo pake
Kugwira ntchito kwa chophulitsa ndi nkhani yofala pomwe kupanga kutentha kwa hydraulic kumapitirira malire a kapangidwe kozizira.
Inde. Ngakhale mpweya ukuyenda bwino, kuyenda bwino kwa choziziritsira kumachepetsa mphamvu yotumizira kutentha. Zomwe zingachitike ndi izi:
Pakati pa radiator yotsekedwa pang'ono
Impeller ya pampu yamadzi yosweka kapena yowonongeka
Kulephera kwa thermostat (kutsekedwa pang'ono)
Mpweya wotsekedwa mkati mwa makina oziziritsira
Kugwira ntchito mosalekeza kumawonjezera mavutowa chifukwa kutentha kumawonjezeka pakapita nthawi.
Kutentha kwambiri kwa mlengalenga kumachepetsa kusiyana kwa kutentha pakati pa choziziritsira ndi mpweya wozungulira. Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa kutentha kumachepa pamene kutentha kwakunja kukukwera. M'malo otentha:
Mphepete mwa mphamvu yozizira imachepa
Kukhuthala kwa mafuta a hydraulic kumatsika mofulumira
Chiwopsezo cha kutentha chimawonjezeka panthawi yofukula nthawi zonse
Makina omwe amagwira ntchito m'malo otsekedwa ogwetsa nyumba kapena padzuwa la dzuwa ndi omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.
Inde. Ngati kufunikira kwa kusuntha kwa pampu ya hydraulic kupitirira mphamvu yomwe ilipo, injini imagwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso. Izi zimawonjezera kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amalowetsedwa komanso kutentha kwa kuyaka. Pakapita nthawi, mphamvu yozizira ikhoza kukhala yosakwanira kukhazikika kwa dongosolo.
Zizindikiro zake ndi izi:
Injini ikugwira ntchito movutikira chifukwa cha kukumba kosalekeza
Kutsika kwa rpm koonekeratu alamu ya kutentha isanafike
Dongosolo la hydraulic likugwira ntchito pafupi ndi malire opumira
Kuyeza bwino kwa pampu poyerekeza ndi momwe injini imagwirira ntchito ndikofunikira kuti kutentha kukhazikike.
Kuwunika kwaukadaulo kokonzedwa kuyenera kuphatikizapo:
Yesani kukwera kwa kutentha kwa choziziritsira pakapita nthawi pansi pa katundu wolamulidwa.
Yang'anani ukhondo wa malo ozizira komanso kudalirika kwa mpweya.
Yang'anani kutentha kwa mafuta a hydraulic panthawi yomwe mafuta amafunidwa kwambiri.
Tsimikizani kutentha kwa kutsegula kwa thermostat.
Yang'anani momwe pampu yamadzi imagwirira ntchito komanso momwe madzi amayendera.
Unikani deta ya ECU kuti mudziwe za nthawi yoberekanso kapena mbiri yakale yolakwika.
Kusintha kwa zigawo zosiyana popanda kusanthula kwa dongosolo nthawi zambiri sikuthandiza kuthetsa kutentha kwambiri komwe kumachitika mobwerezabwereza.
Tsukani ma modules ozizira nthawi zonse m'malo opanda fumbi.
Pewani kungokhala osachita chilichonse kwa nthawi yayitali kenako n’kunyamula katundu wolemera mwadzidzidzi.
Lolani kuti DPF ikwaniritsidwe bwino.
Yang'anirani kuthamanga kwa madzi kuti mupewe kugwira ntchito kosalekeza kwa valavu yopumulira.
Sungani mpweya wokwanira m'malo ozizira ndipo muchotse mpweya wotsekeka.
Kugwira ntchito mosalekeza kumavumbula malire a kutentha kwa makina ofukula zinthu ang'onoang'ono. Kutentha kwambiri nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa mpweya, kuyenda kwa mpweya wozizira, kupanga kutentha kwa hydraulic ndi kutentha komwe kumakhudzana ndi utsi. Kuzindikira bwino kumafuna kusanthula dongosolo lonse la kutentha m'malo mongoyang'ana pa radiator kapena thermostat yokha.
