Rongorongo
He kaiwhakarato taputapu hanga mō ngā mīhini hanga mō ngā tau 30.
Reo
He kaiwhakarato taputapu hanga mō ngā mīhini hanga mō ngā tau 30.
He aha te take e wera rawa ai te keri iti i te wā e mahi tonu ana? I te nuinga o te wā ka puta ake tēnei pātai i muri i ētahi haora o te keri, te whakarōpū, te mahi pakaru rānei, ina piki ake te pāmahana o te wai whakamatao ki tua atu i te awhe mahi noa, ā, ka tīmata te heke o te mahi waipēhi. I roto i te nuinga o ngā keri iti 1–2 tana, ehara i te mea he wāhanga hapa kotahi te take o te wera rawa. Ko te tikanga he hua o te kawenga wera e nui ake ana i te kaha o te pūnaha whakamatao o te mīhini i raro i ngā huringa mahi roa.
Mā te mahi tonu ka pā te taumahatanga ki te mīhini tīhiera, te papu waipēhi, te puranga whakamatao me te pūnaha tukatuka putanga hau. Hei tātari tika i te wera nui, me aromatawai ngā kaihangarau i te pai o te rere o te hau, te tohanga o te waipēhi, te whakaputa wera waipēhi me te takoha wera o te pūnaha tukunga hei pūnaha whakauru kaua hei wāhanga motuhake.
Ko te nuinga o ngā miihini tīhiera kiato e mahi ana i roto i te awhe pāmahana whakamatao o te 80–95°C. Ko te hinu waipēhi ka pumau i waenga i te 45–65°C, i runga i ngā āhuatanga o te taiao. I te wā e keri nui ana, e mahi ana rānei i te pakaru, e tumanakohia ana ka piki ake te pāmahana mō te wā poto. Ka puta te wera nui ina:
Kua hipa ake te pāmahana o te wai whakamatao i te paepae o runga o te kaihanga (he maha ngā wā kei runga ake i te 100°C)
Kua hipa te hinu waipēhi i ngā taumata matotoru haumaru
Ka whakahohehia ngā whakaoho mō te whakahekenga o te miihini, ngā whakaoho whakatūpato rānei
Ka kitea te ngaronga, te kohua rānei o te wai whakamatao
Ko te pumau o te pāmahana ki tua atu i ēnei rohe e tohu ana i te kore e ranea o te mararatanga o te wera e whakaritea ana ki te kawenga.
I raro i te kawenga keri tonu, ka piki ake te weronga wahie hei pupuri i te taipana. Ka puta he wera tāpiri mā te pēhanga tahunga teitei ake me tuku mā te radiator me te pouaka whakamatao hinu. Mēnā ka whakawhāitihia te rere o te hau, ka heke rānei te rere o te whakamatao, ka piki haere te pāmahana.
Ka hurihia e ngā papu waipēhi te pūngao miihini ki te rere waipēhi. Ka puta ngā ngaronga whai huatanga hei wera. I te wā e mahi tonu ana:
Ka whakanuia e te pēhanga pūnaha teitei te pāmahana hinu
Ka puta te wera nui i te taha o te takirere whakaora
Ka piki ake te kawenga o te miihini i te kore e taurite te papu
Mena kāore i te rawaka te kaha whakamatao o te hinu waipēhi, ka nui ake te kawenga wera o te miihini i te pikinga o te pāmahana hinu nā te mea he maha ngā wā ka tohaina ngā puranga whakamatao.
Ae, i roto i ngā āhuatanga o te whenua. Ka kohikohi te puehu, te tarutaru, ngā matūriki oneone me ngā para hangahanga i waenganui i ngā tara o te radiator me ngā matua whakamatao. Ko ngā keri iti e whakamahi ana i ngā wae whakamatao kua whakarārangihia (radiator, whakamatao hinu, whakamatao waenga). Ka whakaitihia te pai o te whakamatao e te hauāwhiowhio i roto i te paparanga kotahi.
Ko ngā tohu ko:
Te piki haere o te pāmahana i roto i ētahi haora
E rere tonu ana te hau i te tere mōrahi
Kāore he turuturu wai whakamatao e kitea ana
Me uru atu ki te tirotiro te wehenga me te horoi i ngā matua whakamatao, kaua ko te pupuhi hau mata anake.
Āe. Me pupuri tonu e ngā pā hau miihini, hiko rānei te rere o te hau i te tere iti. Ko ngā take noa ko:
Ngā whitiki pā kua pakaru (i roto i ngā pūnaha whitiki-peia)
Ngā mata pā kua pakaru
Ngā hapa hiko i roto i ngā pā hau e whakahaerehia ana te pāmahana
Te whakaritenga hē o te hipoki pā
Ka ārai te rere o te hau i raro i te kawenga tonu i te whakawhiti wera pumau, inā koa i roto i ngā taiao tāone iti me te iti o te hauhautanga taiao.
Ko ngā keri iti hou e tutuki ana i ngā ture Wāhanga V i tautuhia e te Komihana Pākehā me ngā paerewa EPA Tier 4 Final e whakahaeretia ana e te Tari Tiaki Taiao, he maha ngā wā ka whakaurua ngā Tātari Matūriki Diesel (DPF) me, i ētahi tauira, te Hurihanga Hau Pūhau (EGR).
Ka whakauruhia e ēnei pūnaha ētahi atu whakaaro mō te wera:
Ka whakanui ake te whakahoutanga o te DPF i te pāmahana o te hauhautanga
Ka whakanui ake te EGR i te kawenga wera o te pūnaha whakamatao
Tērā pea ka piki ake te pāmahana tahunga i te pēhanga o muri o te putanga hau
I te wā o te whakaoranga kaha me te keri nui, ka tino piki ake te hiahia whānui mō te whakakorenga wera.
Ko ngā whakamatao hinu waipēhi ka whakanohoia ki roto i te ara rere o te hau me te pūwero miihini. Mena ka piki rawa te pāmahana hinu waipēhi nā te pēhanga teitei, nā te tāpiritanga āwhina tonu rānei, whakamahia:
Ka whakawhiti te whakamatao hinu i te wera tāpiri ki te hau whakamatao
Ka heke te pai o te whakamahana
Ka piki ake te pāmahana o te wai whakamatao i muri mai
He āhuatanga noa te mahi a ngā pakaru ina nui ake te wera waipēhi i ngā tawhā hoahoa whakamatao.
Āe. Ahakoa he pai te rere o te hau, ka whakaitihia te pai o te whakawhiti wera e te iti o te tohanga o te wai whakamatao. Ko ngā take pea ko:
Kua āraia te matua o te pūwhakarewa
Te impeller papu wai kua pakaru, kua tawhito rānei
He hapa o te whakamahana wera (kua kati ā-wāhanga)
Te hau kua mau i roto i te pūnaha whakamatao
Ka nui ake ēnei raruraru i te mahi tonu nā te mea ka piki haere te pāmahana i roto i te wā.
Ka whakaitihia e te pāmahana teitei o te taiao te pikinga o te pāmahana i waenga i te hau whakamatao me te hau e karapoti ana. Ka heke te whai huatanga o te whakamararatanga wera i te pikinga o te pāmahana o waho. I ngā āhuarangi wera:
Ka whaiti te awhe kaha whakamatao
Ka tere ake te heke o te matotoru o te hinu waipēhi
Ka piki ake te mōrearea o te rerenga wera i te wā e keri tonu ana
He tino ngoikore ngā mīhini e mahi ana i ngā papa whakahoro kua kati, i raro rānei i te rā tika.
Āe. Mena ka nui ake te kaha o te papu waipēhi i te taipana e wātea ana, ka mahi tonu te mīhini i te kawenga teitei. Ka piki ake te tere werohanga wahie me te pāmahana tahunga. I roto i te wā, kāore pea e ranea te kaha whakamatao hei whakau i te pūnaha.
Ko ngā tohu ko:
Te mahi a te mīhini i raro i te kawenga keri tonu
He hekenga rpm kitea i mua i te whakaoho pāmahana
Pūnaha waipēhi e mahi tata ana ki ngā rohe pēhanga whakaora
He mea nui te whakatikatika tika o te papu e pā ana ki te ānau taipana miihini mō te pumau o te wera.
Me whakauru ki roto i tētahi aromatawai hangarau hanganga:
Inehia te pikinga o te pāmahana o te whakamatao i roto i te wā i raro i te kawenga kua whakahaeretia.
Tirohia te poke o te puranga whakamatao me te pai o te rere o te hau.
Tirohia te pāmahana o te hinu waipēhi i te wā e tino hiahiatia ana te hinu.
Manatokohia te pāmahana whakatuwheratanga o te thermostat.
Tirohia te mahi a te papu wai me te tohanga o te wai whakamatao.
Arotakehia ngā raraunga ECU mō ngā huringa whakaora, mō te hītori whakahekenga rānei.
He maha ngā wā kāore e taea te whakatau i te wera nui e puta pinepine ana mā te whakakapinga wāhanga motuhake me te kore tātari taumata-pūnaha.
Horoia ngā waeine whakamatao i ia wā i roto i ngā taiao puehu.
Āta karohia te noho mangere roa e whai ake nei me te kawenga taumaha ohorere.
Tukua kia oti tika te whakahoutanga o te DPF.
Aroturukihia te pēhanga waipēhi hei ārai i te mahi tonu o te takirere whakaora.
Kia mau tonu te kukū tika o te wai whakamatao, me te whakakore i te hau kua mau.
Ka whakaatuhia ngā rohe wera o ngā keri kiato i te wā e whakamahia tonutia ana. Ko te wera nui rawa te hua o te koretake o te rere o te hau, te tohanga o te wai whakamatao, te whakaputa wera waipēhi me te kawenga wera e pā ana ki ngā tukunga. Ko te tātaritanga whai hua me tātari te pūnaha wera katoa kaua ki te arotahi anake ki te radiator, ki te thermostat rānei.
