Ukwandiswa kolwazi lomkhiqizo
Umhlinzeki wemishini yokwakha wezixazululo zemishini yokwakha iminyaka engama-30.
Ulimi
Umhlinzeki wemishini yokwakha wezixazululo zemishini yokwakha iminyaka engama-30.
Ishadi lesilinganiso senhlanganisela yekhonkrithi liwusizo, kodwa liyingxenye nje yendaba. Isilinganiso sikutshela ukuthi kufanele kufakwe usimende, isihlabathi kanye ne-aggregate engakanani engxubeni. Umxube wekhonkrithi ukutshela ukuthi ingakanani yaleyo ngxube engaxutshwa kahle ngeqoqo elilodwa. Uma lezo zinto ezimbili zingahambisani, umphumela ujwayelekile: i-wheelbarrow yokuqala ibukeka imanzi, eyokugcina ibukeka yomile, futhi wonke umuntu osendaweni ngokuzumayo uba uchwepheshe wekhonkrithi.
Kwabakhi benkontileka, izinkampani eziqashisayo kanye nabathengi bemishini, umbuzo wangempela awukhona nje ukuthi “Yisiphi isilinganiso esihle kakhulu sekhonkrithi?” Kungukuthi “Ingabe lo mxube ukhiqiza leso silinganiso ngokuphindaphindiwe ngaphandle kokulayisha ngokweqile, ukushelela, ukuminyana noma ukuchitha izinto?” Yingakho lo mhlahlandlela uxhumanisa ishadi lesilinganiso sekhonkrithi nosayizi weqembu lomxube, ukulawulwa kwamanzi kanye nokuhlolwa kokuthenga okusebenzayo.
Izilinganiso ezingezansi ziyizinkomba ezivamile zensimu. Ngokuvamile zilinganiswa ngevolumu ekhululekile, njengebhakede, futhi zibhalwe njengesamente: isihlabathi: i-coarse aggregate. Ziwusizo ekuhleleni amaqoqo amancane esayithi, kodwa akufanele zithathe indawo yomklamo wengxube yephrojekthi yekhonkrithi yesakhiwo noma umsebenzi olawulwayo.
| Isilinganiso Esihlanganisiwe | Ukusetshenziswa Okuvamile | Inothi Lomthengi |
|---|---|---|
| 1:1.5:3 | Ama-slab aqinile, isisekelo, umsebenzi osindayo endaweni | Kudinga ukulawulwa kwamanzi ngokucophelela kanye nokucindezelwa okuhle |
| 1:2:3 | Ama-slab ajwayelekile, izindlela, izisekelo ezincane | Ingxube yesayithi elinganiselayo uma imininingwane yephrojekthi ivumela lokho |
| 1:2:4 | Ama-slab alula, izinsika, imisebenzi yokulungisa eyisisekelo | Kulula ukuyifaka, kodwa hhayi emsebenzini onzima kakhulu |
| 1:3:6 | Ukhonkolo oluthambile, imibhede, izendlalelo ezivala amehlo | Isendlalelo sokusekela esinamandla aphansi, hhayi ingxube yesakhiwo |
Isilinganiso asisona isipelingi somlingo. Uma isihlabathi simanzi, itshe lingcolile, isigubhu sigcwele ngokweqile noma opharetha eqhubeka "nokusiza" ngamanzi engeziwe, isilinganiso esifanayo singaziphatha ngendlela ehlukile kakhulu. Ikhonkrithi inomqondo wokuhlekisa, kodwa ngeshwa ivame ukuyibonisa ngemva kokuqina.
Amanzi enza ukhonkolo usebenze kahle, kodwa amanzi amaningi kakhulu angantshontsha amandla buthule. Isikhungo Sokhonkolo saseMelika ichaza isilinganiso sezinto ezisetshenziswa ngamanzi-cementitious, noma i-w/cm, njengesisindo samanzi axubile ahlukaniswe yisisindo sezinto ezisetshenziswa ngocementi. Lokho kusho ukuthi amanzi kufanele alawulwe ngesisindo noma indlela yokulinganisa ephindaphindwayo, hhayi ngesimo sengqondo.
I Inhlangano Yesimende YaseMelika ichaza ukuthi ingxube evamile yekhonkrithi ingaba ngu-7% kuya ku-15% wesamente, u-60% kuya ku-75% ohlanganisiwe kanye no-14% kuya ku-21% wamanzi ngobuningi, kanti umoya ohlanganisiwe ngezinye izikhathi wengeza u-8%. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi kungani amanzi efanelwe ukuhlonishwa. Akuyona into enkulu kakhulu ngobuningi, kodwa inethonya elikhulu ekusebenzeni kahle, ikhwalithi yokunamathisela kanye nokuqina.
| Isimo Samanzi | Lokho Okubonayo Ku-Mixer | Okungase Kwenzeke Kamuva |
|---|---|---|
| Amanzi amancane kakhulu | Ingxube enzima, ukumbozwa okubi, ukukhishwa okunzima | Izikhala, ukutshala uju, ukuqeda okubi |
| Amanzi alawulwayo | Ingxube ehlangene, ukugeleza okuzinzile, ukumbozwa okulinganayo | Amandla angcono kanye nokungaguquguquki |
| Amanzi amaningi kakhulu | Ukukhishwa okulula, ingxube ewuketshezi kakhulu | Ukuncipha okwengeziwe, ukuqina okuphansi, ingozi yokuqhekeka |
Uma amanzi kufanele alungiswe ngemva kokuqala ukuxuba, kwenze kancane bese uxuba futhi. I-NRMCA uphawula ukuthi ukwengezwa kwamanzi kufanele kuhlale ngaphakathi komkhawulo womklamo wokuxuba, futhi amaqoqo alungisiwe kufanele athole okungenani ukujikeleza kokuxuba okungu-30 ngesivinini sokuxuba ukuze kutholakale ukufana.
Elinye lamaphutha avame kakhulu okuthenga ukucabanga ukuthi umxube wekhonkrithi ongu-350L wenza ukhonkrithi oqediwe ongu-350L ngebhetshi ngayinye. Akwenzi lokho. Umthamo wekhonkrithi, umthamo wokulayisha kanye nomthamo wokukhipha izinto kuyizinto ezahlukene. Umxube udinga isikhala esingenalutho ngaphakathi kwekhonkrithi ukuze izinto zikwazi ukugoqwa, zigoqeke futhi zimbozwe kahle. Zigcwalise emlonyeni bese ziyeka ukuxubana; zivele zikhononde ngezindilinga.
Ngaphambi kokukhetha umshini, cela umthamo wokukhipha olinganiselwe, hhayi usayizi wesigubhu kuphela. Lelo nani liseduze nalokho umthengi angakuhlela ngempela.
| Ikilasi Lokuxuba | Uhlobo Lomsebenzi Olufanele | Okufanele Uhlole Ngaphambi Kokuthenga |
|---|---|---|
| Umxube we-350L | Ama-slab amancane, ukulungiswa, izinsika, imisebenzi yasepulazini, ukusetshenziswa kokuqasha | Umthamo wokukhipha wangempela, amandla enjini, amandla esondo |
| Umxube we-400L | Umsebenzi ojwayelekile wokontrakta, ukuthululwa okuncane kwezentengiselwano | Ubukhulu besigubhu, ikhwalithi yendandatho yegiya, ukwakheka kwe-blade |
| Umxube we-500L | Umkhiqizo ophezulu wansuku zonke ezindaweni ezincane neziphakathi | Ukuphakama kokulayisha, umthombo wamandla, ukuqina kohlaka |
Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe ngalesi sihloko, umhlahlandlela we-ACE ku- umthamo wokuxuba ukhonkolo ichaza ukuthi kungani umphumela olinganisiwe ubaluleke kakhulu kunenombolo ephrintiwe eceleni kwesigubhu.
Qala ngesilinganiso, bese usifanisa nomthamo wokusebenza womshini wokuxuba. Ukuze uthole ingxube engu-1:2:3, ingxenye ngayinye yesimende idinga izingxenye ezimbili zesihlabathi kanye nezingxenye ezintathu ze-aggregate eqinile. Uma isitsha sokulinganisa siyibhakede elingu-10L, ibhetshi elilodwa elincane lingaqala nge-10L yesimende, isihlabathi esingu-20L kanye ne-aggregate eqinile engu-30L, bese amanzi engezwa kancane kancane.
Umthamo wokugcina wekhonkrithi omanzi ngeke ulingane nomthamo wezithako ezomile. Isihlabathi sigcwalisa izikhala phakathi kwamatshe, usimende ugcwalisa izikhala ezincane, amanzi avuselela inhlama, bese yonke inqwaba ihlala ibe yinto encane kakhulu. Ikhonkrithi ayinandaba nezibalo ezihlelekile. Ikhetha i-physics.
Indlela ewusizo yokuhlanganisa i-batch yile:
Khetha isilinganiso esivunyelwe somsebenzi.
Qinisekisa ukuthi umthamo wokulayisha nokukhipha ulinganiselwe yini womshini wokuxuba.
Sebenzisa ibhakede elilodwa noma isitsha esiqinile kuzo zonke izinto ezomile.
Faka ingxenye yamanzi kuphela kuqala.
Layisha izinto kancane kancane, hhayi endaweni eyodwa yokulahlela ubuqhawe.
Lungisa amanzi kancane bese uqopha inqwaba ephindaphindwayo.
Isilinganiso esihle senhlanganisela yekhonkrithi singase singaphumeleli uma uhlelo lokulayisha lungaluhle. Kwabaningi abaxuba izigubhu eziphathwayo, qala ngengxenye yamanzi, engeza i-aggregate emaholo, bese ufaka isihlabathi nesamente, kulandelwe i-aggregate esele. Engeza amanzi asele kancane ngemva kokuba izinto seziqale ukuxubana.
Lolu chungechunge lusiza ukuvimbela usimende ukuthi unganamatheli esigubhuni futhi lunciphise amaphakethe omile. Uma umshini wokuxuba uhluleka, ungafaki amanzi amaningi ngokushesha. Okokuqala hlola ukuthi ibhetshi likhulu kakhulu, i-engeli yesigubhu ayilungile, ama-blade agugile noma ukuthi impahla ingezwe ngokushesha kakhulu. Ukuze uthole inqubo ephelele yokusebenza, sebenzisa umhlahlandlela we-ACE ku indlela yokuxuba ukhonkolo ku-mixer .
| Iphutha | Kungani Kubuhlungu | Ukuzijwayeza Okungcono |
|---|---|---|
| Ukulayisha ngokweqile isigubhu | Izinto ezigoqekayo esikhundleni sokuxuba | Hlala ngaphakathi komthamo wokulayisha olinganiselwe |
| Ukwengeza amanzi ngeso | Ukusebenza kahle kuyathuthuka, amandla angase ehle | Kala amanzi bese ulungisa kancane kancane |
| Ukunganaki isihlabathi esimanzi | Amanzi afihliwe ashintsha i-w/cm yangempela | Nciphisa amanzi engeziwe uma isihlabathi simanzi |
| Ukuxuba isikhashana kakhulu | I-Paste ayimbozi ngokulinganayo | Landela isiqondiso se-mixer bese uhlola ukuhambisana |
| Ukusebenzisa isilinganiso esisodwa somsebenzi ngamunye | Imisebenzi ehlukene idinga ukusebenza okuhlukile | Qondanisa isilinganiso nohlelo lokusebenza |
| Ukuthenga ngosayizi wesigubhu kuphela | Umphumela ungase ube ngaphansi kunalokho obekulindelwe | Qhathanisa amandla okukhipha kanye namandla |
Uma iresiphi ilungile kodwa ingxube isabinhle, inkinga ingaba ngeyomshini. Ukushelela kwebhande, ama-blade agugile, isivinini esingalungile sesigubhu noma ukuguguleka kwegiya konke kungathinta ikhwalithi yokuxuba. Ama-ACE umhlahlandlela wokuxazulula izinkinga zokuxuba ukhonkolo yikhasi elingcono lokuhlonza lawo maphutha.
Kubathengisi, izinkampani eziqashisayo kanye nabakhi, umxube wekhonkrithi awuyona nje idrama enenjini. Uyithuluzi eliphindaphindwayo. Uma abaqhubi bengakwazi ukwenza amaqoqo afanayo nsuku zonke, umshini uzodala izingxabano ngokushesha kunokudala ikhonkrithi.
| Umbuzo Womthengi | Imininingwane Yokuhlola | Kungani Kubalulekile |
|---|---|---|
| Ingabe ingabhekana nezilinganiso ezivamile zokuxuba? | Umthamo wokulayisha kanye nomklamo we-blade | Kuvimbela amaphakethe omile kanye nokulayisha ngokweqile |
| Ingabe umkhiqizo uzohambisana nesidingo sesayithi sansuku zonke? | Umthamo wokukhipha kanye nesikhathi somjikelezo | Kusiza ukulinganisa umkhiqizo wangempela |
| Ingabe ukugcinwa kulula? | Indandatho yegiya, ibhande, amabhereyitha kanye nokufinyelela kokuthambisa | Kunciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula |
| Ingabe umthombo wamandla uyafanelana nemakethe? | Ugesi, uphethiloli noma idizili | Ihambisana nezimo zamandla endaweni yokusebenza |
| Kulula yini ukuthutha? | Uhlaka, usayizi wesondo kanye nebhalansi | Kubalulekile kubasebenzi abaqashayo kanye nabasebenzi abancane |
| Ingabe ukwesekwa kuyatholakala? | Izingxenye, imibhalo kanye nosizo lokuhlola | Ivikela izindleko zobunikazi besikhathi eside |
Uma uqhathanisa imishini, qala ngama-ACE abakhiqizi bokuxuba ukhonkolo ikhasi. Ukuze ukhethe indawo yomsebenzi, funda umhlahlandlela wokuthenga wokuxuba ukhonkolo oluphathekayo Ngaphambi kokufaka i-oda elikhulu, Uhlu lokuhlola lokuxuba ukhonkolo yikhasi okufanele uligcine eceleni kwengcaphuno.
Ngomsebenzi ojwayelekile wendawo, i-1:2:3 iyisilinganiso esivamile sokubhekisela ku-samente, isihlabathi kanye ne-coarse aggregate. Ngomsebenzi olula, i-1:2:4 ingasetshenziswa. Ngokhonkolo wesakhiwo, landela njalo imininingwane yephrojekthi noma umklamo wokuxuba owenziwe ngobunjiniyela.
Ngokuvamile, i-1:2:3 iqukethe i-paste yesimende eningi uma iqhathaniswa ne-aggregate, ngakho-ke ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukhonkolo oluqinile lwendawo. Amandla okugcina asancike ekulawulweni kwamanzi, ikhwalithi ye-aggregate, ukuqina kanye nokuqina.
Ngokuvamile cha. Isigubhu esingu-350L asisho ukuthi ukhonkolo oqediwe ungama-350L ngebhetshi ngayinye. Abathengi kufanele bacele umthamo wokulayisha olinganiselwe kanye nomthamo wokukhipha.
Amanzi engeziwe andisa ukusebenza kahle ekuqaleni, kodwa angenza buthaka i-samente paste futhi andise ukushwabana. Yingakho amanzi kufanele alinganiswe futhi alungiswe ngokucophelela.
Izingxube zasensimini zivame ukusebenzisa ivolumu, njengamabhakede. Imiklamo yokuxuba yobungcweti ivame ukusebenzisa isisindo, ikakhulukazi lapho kubalwa isilinganiso sezinto ezisetshenziswa ngamanzi nosimende.
Hlola umthamo wokukhipha olinganiselwe, ukujiya kwesigubhu, ukwakheka kwe-blade, amandla enjini noma enjini, ikhwalithi yegiya, ukwesekwa kwezingxenye ezisele kanye nokufinyelela ekunakekelweni. I-mixer eshibhile ayibizi njalo ngemva kwebhili lokuqala lokulungisa.
