Te Whakanuia Matauranga Hua
He kaiwhakarato taputapu hanga mō ngā mīhini hanga mō ngā tau 30.
Reo
He kaiwhakarato taputapu hanga mō ngā mīhini hanga mō ngā tau 30.
He whai hua te tūtohi ōwehenga ranunga raima, engari ko te haurua noa iho tēnei o te kōrero. Mā te ōwehenga ka mōhio koe ki te nui o te sima, te onepu me te kirikiri e tika ana kia uru ki te ranunga. Mā te mīhini whakaranu raima ka mōhio koe ki te nui o taua ranunga ka taea te whakaranu tika i roto i te puranga kotahi. Ina kore e ōrite aua mea e rua, ka mōhiotia te hua: te ahua mākū o te wira tuatahi, te ahua maroke o te wira whakamutunga, ā, ka huri te hunga katoa i te papaanga hei tohunga raima.
Mō ngā kaimahi kirimana, ngā kamupene reti me ngā kaihoko taputapu, ko te pātai tūturu ehara i te mea ko "He aha te ōwehenga ranunga raima pai rawa atu?" Engari ko "Ka taea e tēnei mīhini whakaranu te whakaputa i taua ōwehenga anō me anō me te kore e uta nui, e paheke, e kōroke, e maumau rānei ngā rauemi?" Koia te take e hono ai tēnei aratohu i te tūtohi ōwehenga ranunga raima ki te rahi o te puranga mīhini whakaranu, te whakahaere wai me ngā tirotiro hoko mahi.
Ko ngā ōwehenga i raro nei he tohutoro mara noa. I te nuinga o te wā ka inehia mā te rōrahi koretake, pērā i ngā peere, ā, ka tuhia hei sima: onepu: kirikiri matotoru. He pai ēnei mō te whakamahere i ngā puranga iti o te papaanga, engari kaua e whakakapi i te hoahoa ranunga kaupapa mō te raima hanganga, mō ngā mahi kua whakaritea rānei.
| Tauwehenga Ranunga | Te Whakamahinga Noa | Tuhipoka a te Kaihoko |
|---|---|---|
| 1:1.5:3 | He papa pakari ake, he turanga, he mahi papa taumaha ake | Me āta whakahaere te wai, me te whakakīkī pai |
| 1:2:3 | Ngā papa whānui, ngā ara, ngā turanga iti | He ranunga pae taurite ina whakaaetia e ngā whakaritenga kaupapa |
| 1:2:4 | Ngā pereti mama, ngā pou, ngā mahi whakatikatika taketake | He māmā ake te whakanoho, engari kāore mō ngā mahi taumaha |
| 1:3:6 | Ko te raima kikokore, te whāriki, ngā paparanga matapo | Papa tautoko iti te kaha, ehara i te ranunga hanganga |
Ehara te ōwehenga i te makutu. Mēnā he mākū te onepu, he paru te kōhatu, he nui rawa te uta i te pahu, he "āwhina" tonu rānei te kaiwhakahaere ki te wai tāpiri, ka rerekē rawa te whanonga o taua ōwehenga. He āhua whakakatakata te raima, engari heoi anō, ka kitea i muri i te whakamaroke.
Mā te wai ka taea te whakamahi i te raima, engari mā te nui rawa o te wai ka taea te tahae puku i te kaha. Te Whare Wānanga Konukura o Amerika e tautuhi ana i te ōwehenga wai-rawa sima, w/cm rānei, hei te papatipu o te wai whakaranu i wehea ki te papatipu o te rawa sima. Ko te tikanga me whakahaere te wai mā te taumaha, mā te tikanga ine ka taea te whakahoki, kaua mā te wairua.
Te Te Rōpū Sima o Amerika E whakamārama ana ko te ranunga raima noa he tata ki te 7% ki te 15% te sima, 60% ki te 75% te kirikiri me te 14% ki te 21% te wai i te rahinga, me te hau e uru ana ki ētahi wā ka tāpirihia ki tētahi atu 8%. E whakaatu ana tēnei he aha te take e tika ai kia whakautehia te wai. Ehara i te mea ko te kai nui rawa atu i te rahinga, engari he nui tōna pānga ki te ngāwari o te mahi, te kounga o te whakapiri me te pakari.
| Āhua o te Wai | Ngā mea e kitea ana e koe i roto i te mīhini whakaranu | Ngā mea ka tupu i muri mai |
|---|---|---|
| He iti rawa te wai | He ranunga pakari, he paninga ngoikore, he uaua ki te tuku | Ngā āputa, te hanganga o te honikoma, te mutunga kino |
| Wai whakahaeretia | Ranunga piri, rere pumau, paninga ōrite | He pai ake te kaha me te pumau |
| Nui rawa te wai | He ngāwari te tuku, he tino rere te ranunga | He nui ake te mimiti, he iti ake te pakari, he mōrearea pakaru |
Ki te mea me whakarerekē te wai i muri i te tīmatanga o te whakaranu, me ata whakaranu, ka whakaranu anō. NRMCA kia mōhiotia me noho tonu ngā tāpiringa wai ki roto i te rohe hoahoa ranunga, ā, me huri ngā puranga kua whakatikatikaina kia 30 neke atu rānei ngā hurihanga o te mīhini whakaranu i te tere whakaranu kia hoki mai ai te ōritetanga.
Ko tētahi o ngā hapa hoko e tino kitea ana ko te whakaaro ka hangaia e te mīhini whakaranu raima 350L te 350L o te raima kua oti mō ia puranga. Kāore. He rerekē te rahinga o te pahu, te kaha uta me te kaha tuku. Me whai wāhi takoto kau te mīhini whakaranu i roto i te pahu kia taea ai e te rauemi te piko, te takahuri me te pani tika. Whakakīia ki te waha, ā, ka mutu te whakaranu; ka amuamu noa i roto i ngā porowhita.
I mua i te whiriwhiri i tētahi mīhini, pātai atu mō te kaha tukunga kua whakatauhia, kaua ko te rahi o te pūwero anake. He tata atu taua tau ki te mea ka taea e te kaihoko te whakamahere.
| Akomanga Whakaranu | Momo Mahi e tika ana | Ngā mea hei tirotiro i mua i te hoko |
|---|---|---|
| mīhini whakaranu 350L | Ngā papa iti, ngā whakatikatika, ngā pou, ngā mahi pāmu, te whakamahi reti | Te kaha tukunga tuturu, te mana o te motuka, te kaha o te wira |
| mīhini whakaranu 400L | Ngā mahi a te kaiwhakatūtū auau, ngā ringihanga arumoni iti | Te matotoru o te pahu, te kounga o te mowhiti taputapu, te hoahoa o te mata |
| mīhini whakaranu 500L | Te putanga o ia rā teitei ake i ngā pae iti me ngā pae waenga | Teitei o te utaina, te pūtake hiko, te pumau o te anga |
Mō ētahi atu kōrero mō tēnei kaupapa, tirohia te aratohu a ACE ki te kaha o te mīhini whakaranu raima e whakamārama ana he aha te hiranga ake o te putanga whakatauranga i te tau i tāia ki te taha o te pahu.
Tīmata ki te ōwehenga, kātahi ka whakataurite ki te kaha mahi a te mīhini whakaranu. Mō te ranunga 1:2:3, e rua ngā wāhanga onepū me te toru ngā wāhanga o te kirikiri mō ia wāhanga kotahi o te sima. Mena he peere 10L te ipu ine, ka taea te tīmata ki te 10L sima, 20L onepū me te 30L kirikiri mō tētahi puranga iti, kātahi ka tāpirihia mārire te wai.
Kāore te rōrahi o te raima mākū whakamutunga e rite ki te rōrahi o te matū maroke. Ka whakakīia e te onepu ngā āputa i waenganui i ngā kōhatu, ka whakakīia e te sima ngā āputa iti, ka whakahohehia e te wai te whakapiri, ā, ka tau te puranga katoa hei mea kiato ake. Kāore te raima e aro ki ngā tātaitanga ma. E pai ake ana ki a ia te ahupūngao.
Ko tētahi tikanga mahi mō te kohikohinga ko:
Kōwhiria te ōwehenga e whakaaetia ana mō te mahi.
Whakaūtia te kaha uta me te kaha tuku kua whakatauria o te mīhini whakaranu.
Whakamahia kia kotahi te peere, te ipu rānei, kia kotahi te pūmau mō ngā rauemi maroke katoa.
Tāpirihia he wāhanga noa iho o te wai i te tuatahi.
Whakatakotoria mārire ngā rauemi, kaua e waiho ki te puranga kotahi.
Āta whakarerekētia te wai, ka tuhi i te nui o te puranga ka taea te tukurua.
Ahakoa te koretake o te raupapa uta, ka kore tonu e pai te ōwehenga o te ranunga raima. Mō te nuinga o ngā mīhini whakaranu pahu kawe, tīmata ki tētahi wāhanga o te wai, tāpirihia he kirikiri matotoru, kātahi ka tāpirihia te onepu me te sima, ā, muri iho ka tāpirihia te toenga o te kirikiri. Tāpirihia mārire te toenga o te wai i muri i te tīmatanga o te whakaranu o ngā rauemi.
Mā tēnei raupapatanga ka ārai i te piri o te sima ki te pahu, ā, ka whakaiti i ngā pōke maroke. Ki te raru te mīhini whakaranu, kaua e tāpiri tonu i te wai. Tirohia tuatahi mēnā he nui rawa te puranga, he hē te koki o te pahu, kua tawhito ngā mata, he tere rawa rānei te tāpiri o te rauemi. Mō te tukanga whakahaere katoa, whakamahia te aratohu a ACE i runga. me pēhea te whakaranu i te raima i roto i te mīhini whakaranu .
| Hapa | He aha i mamae ai | Mahi Pai Ake |
|---|---|---|
| Te utaina rawa o te pahu | Hurihia ngā rauemi, kaua e whakaranua | Kia mau ki roto i te kaha uta kua whakatauhia |
| Te tāpiri wai mā te kanohi | Ka pai ake te mahi, ka heke pea te kaha | Inehia te wai, ā, whakatikatikahia mārire |
| Te kore aro ki te onepu mākū | Ka hurihia e te wai huna te w/cm tūturu | Whakaitihia te wai tāpiri ina mākū te onepu |
| He poto rawa te whakaranu | Kāore te whakapiri e pania ōrite te kirikiri | Whāia ngā tohutohu mō te whakaranu, tirohia te ōritetanga |
| Mā te whakamahi i te ōwehenga kotahi mō ia mahi | He rerekē te mahi e hiahiatia ana mō ngā mahi rerekē | Tauritehia te ōwehenga ki te tono |
| Te hoko mā te rahi o te pahu anake | Tērā pea ka iti iho te putanga i te mea i tumanakohia | Whakatauritehia te kaha me te mana tuku |
Mena he tika te tunu engari he ngoikore tonu te ranunga, tera pea he mīhini te raruraru. Ka pāngia te kounga o te whakaranu e te paheke o te whitiki, te pakaru o ngā mata, te tere hē o te pahu, te pakaru rānei o te taputapu. A ACE aratohu rapurongoā mō te mīhini whakaranu raima koinei te whārangi pai ake mō te tautuhi i aua hapa.
Mō ngā kaihokohoko, ngā kamupene reti me ngā kaimahi kirimana, ehara te mīhini whakaranu raima i te pahu me te motuka anake. He taputapu auau. Ki te kore e taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te hanga i ngā puranga rite i ia rā, ka tere ake te hanga tautohe a te mīhini i tana hanga raima.
| Pātai a te Kaihoko | Ngā Whakatakotoranga hei Tirotiro | He aha te mea nui |
|---|---|---|
| Ka taea e ia te whakahaere i ngā ōwehenga ranunga noa? | Te kaha uta me te hoahoa o te mata | Ārai i ngā pute maroke me te taumaha rawa |
| Ka tutuki rānei te putanga i te hiahia o te pae o ia rā? | Te kaha tuku me te wā huringa | Āwhina ki te whakatau i te hua tūturu |
| He māmā noa iho te tiaki? | Mowhiti taputapu, whitiki, peera me te urunga whakahinuhinu | Ka whakaiti i te wā kore mahi |
| E pai ana te pūtake hiko mō te mākete? | Hiko, penehīni, tīhiera rānei | E ōrite ana ki ngā āhuatanga hiko o te papa mahi |
| He ngāwari te neke? | Te rahi o te anga, te wira me te taurite | He mea nui mō ngā kaimahi reti me ngā kaimahi iti |
| Kei te wātea te tautoko? | Ngā wāhanga, ngā tuhinga me te āwhina tirotiro | Ka tiaki i te utu pupuri mō te wā roa |
Ki te whakataurite koe i ngā mīhini, tīmata ki ngā ACE ngā kaihanga mīhini whakaranu raima whārangi. Mō te kōwhiringa wāhi mahi, pānuihia te aratohu hoko mīhini whakaranu raima kawe I mua i te tuku i tētahi ota nui, ko te rārangi arowhai tirotiro mīhini whakaranu raima ko te whārangi hei pupuri i te taha o te kōrero.
Mō ngā mahi papaanga whānui, ko te 1:2:3 te ōwehenga tohutoro noa mō te sima, te onepu me te kirikiri matotoru. Mō ngā mahi māmā ake, ka taea te whakamahi i te 1:2:4. Mō te raima hanganga, me whai tonu i ngā whakaritenga o te kaupapa, i te hoahoa ranunga hangarau rānei.
I te nuinga o te wā, he nui ake te whakapiri sima i roto i te ōwehenga 1:2:3 i te kirikiri, nō reira he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia mō te raima papa kaha ake. Ko te kaha whakamutunga kei runga tonu i te whakahaere wai, te kounga o te kirikiri, te whakakīkī me te whakamaroke.
Kāore i te nuinga o te wā. Ehara i te mea ko te 350L o te raima kua oti te mahi i roto i te pahu 350L mō ia puranga. Me pātai ngā kaihoko mō te kaha uta me te kaha tuku.
Ka whakanui ake te wai tāpiri i te ngāwari o te mahi i te tīmatanga, engari ka ngoikore te whakapiri sima, ka nui ake hoki te mimiti. Koia te take me ine me te whakatikatika i te wai.
He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te rōrahi e ngā ranunga mara, pērā i ngā peere. Ko te papatipu te nuinga o te wā ka whakamahia e ngā hoahoa ranunga ngaio, inā koa ka tatau i te ōwehenga wai-rawa sima.
Tirohia te kaha tukunga kua whakatauria, te matotoru o te pahu, te hoahoa o te mata, te mana o te motuka, te kounga o ngā taputapu, te tautoko i ngā wāhanga e manawapa ana me te urunga ki te tiaki. Kāore i te iti te utu o te mīhini whakaranu iti rawa i muri i te pire whakatika tuatahi.
