Umhlahlandlela Wosayizi Weqoqo Lomxube Wekhonkrithi: 350L, 400L kanye no-500L Umthamo Wesigubhu vs Ukuphuma
Usayizi weqoqo lokuxuba ukhonkolo akufanele uqagelwe ngenombolo enkulu kunazo zonke ephrintiwe eceleni komshini. Umxube othengiswa njengo-350L, 400L noma 500L angasebenzisa leso sibalo ukuchaza ivolumu yesigubhu, kuyilapho inani angalixuba futhi alikhiphe ngempela kuqoqo elilodwa lingaba liphansi. Lowo mehluko ubalulekile lapho unkontileka ehlela umkhiqizo wansuku zonke noma umthengisi eqhathanisa imishini evela kubahlinzeki ababili. Isilinganiso sokuxuba sibalulekile futhi, kodwa siphendula umbuzo ohlukile: isilinganiso sikutshela ukuthi izithako zilinganiswe kanjani, kanti umthamo weqoqo ongasetshenziswa ukutshela ukuthi umshini ungaphatha malini ngaphandle kokuguqula isigubhu sibe yi-carousel yesamente egcwele ngokweqile.
Umthamo Wokuxuba Ukhonkolo Awufani Nomphumela We-Batch
Into yokuqala okufanele uyihlole ukuthi isibalo somthamo sisho ukuthini ngempela. Umthamo wesigubhu uchaza isikhala esibonakalayo ngaphakathi kwesigubhu. Umthamo wokuxuba ubhekisela ezintweni umshini ohlose ukuzixuba, kanti umthamo wokukhipha ukutshela ukuthi ingakanani ikhonkrithi exubile engaphuma emshinini ngemva komjikelezo owodwa. Lezo zibalo zingase zibe seduze kweminye imishini futhi zihluke kakhulu kweminye.
| Ithemu Lomthamo | Lokho Okuchazayo | Lokho Umthengi Okufanele Akubuze |
|---|---|---|
| Ivolumu yesigubhu iyonke | Isikhala sejometri ngaphakathi kwesigubhu | Ingabe lokhu kungusayizi wesigubhu kuphela noma futhi kungumthamo wokusebenza olinganiselwe? |
| Umthamo wokuxuba | Izinto ezingasetshenziswa yi-mixer ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile | Ingabe lo umthwalo wokusebenza onconywayo? |
| Umthamo wokukhipha | Ukhonkolo oxubile ushiya isigubhu ngebhetshi ngayinye | Yimuphi umkhiqizo ophindaphindwayo engingawusebenzisa ekuhleleni indawo? |
| Ukukhiqiza ngehora | Ukukhipha ngemijikelezo eminingana ephelele | Yisiphi isikhathi somjikelezo kanye nezimo zokusebenza ezisetshenzisiwe? |
Umehluko phakathi kwevolumu ephelele kanye nevolumu yokusebenza uvamile emishinini yobuchwepheshe bekhonkrithi. Izidingo ze-NRMCA zabaxubi bamaloli, isibonelo, zithi umthamo wokuxuba olinganiselwe akufanele udlule u-63% wevolumu ephelele yesigubhu ; umkhawulo ukhuphuka ufike ku -80% uma isigubhu sisetshenziswa njengesishukumisi. Lawo maphesenti asebenza kubaxubi bamaloli, hhayi abaxubi abancane abaphathekayo abangu-350L noma abangu-500L, ngakho akufanele asetshenziswe njengefomula yokuguqula. Zibonisa ukuthi kungani onjiniyela bephatha umthamo we-gross drum kanye nomthamo wokuxuba ongasetshenziswa njengezinombolo ezimbili ezihlukene.
Kunesizathu esibonakalayo salesi sikhala. Ikhonkrithi idinga indawo yokuhamba. I-Aggregate kufanele iphakamise, iwele phansi bese iwela engxubeni kunokuba imane ijikeleze nodonga lwesigubhu. I-NRMCA iphawula ukuthi i-aggregate ivame ukwenza cishe u- 60-75% wevolumu yekhonkrithi , ngakho-ke iningi lezinto ezihamba ngaphakathi kwe-mixer liyitshe nesihlabathi. Nikeza leyo nto indawo encane kakhulu futhi umthwalo omkhulu ungadala ukuxuba okubi kakhulu kunokukhipha okuwusizo kakhulu.
Ukuze uthole ukuqhathanisa okujulile kosayizi olinganisiwe kanye nokukhiqiza kwangempela kwesayithi, bheka umhlahlandlela we-ACE ku- umthamo wokuxuba ukhonkolo kanye nokusebenza kahle kokukhipha .
Kufanele Uqhathanise Kanjani Izihlanganisi Zekhonkrithi Ezingu-350L, 400L kanye Nezingu-500L?
I-ACE yamanje ububanzi bokuxuba ukhonkolo kufaka phakathi amakilasi angu-350L, 400L kanye no-500L, anezinketho zikadizili, uphethiloli kanye namandla kagesi. Ikilasi losayizi liwusizo ekwenzeni uhlu olufushane, kodwa akwanele ukubala ukuthi mangaki amaqoqo iphrojekthi ezodinga.
| Ikilasi Lokuxuba | Lapho Kungafaneleka Khona | Hlola Ngaphambi Koku-oda |
|---|---|---|
| 350L | Imisebenzi emincane yokhonkolo, ukulungiswa, izikhala kanye nemisebenzi yomakhi ohambayo | Umthamo we-batch ongasetshenziswa, indlela yokukhipha, amandla kanye nokusethwa kwesondo |
| 400L | Ukuhlanganisa indawo njalo kanye nomsebenzi wokwakha ophindaphindwayo | Umthamo wokusebenza, ukwakheka kwe-blade, igiya lendandatho, uhlaka kanye nenjini noma i-motor |
| 500L | Imisebenzi edinga amaqoqo amakhulu aphindaphindwayo | Ivolumu yokukhipha yangempela, ukuphakama kokulayisha, isidingo samandla kanye nokuthuthwa |
Lezi yizigaba zokuthenga kunemithetho yobunjiniyela. I-mixer engu-350L enesistimu yokulayisha esebenza kahle ingafanela ithimba elilodwa kangcono kunomshini omkhulu ochitha ingxenye yosuku lwawo ulinde izinto zokwakha. Ngaphambi kokuqhathanisa izingcaphuno, cela umhlinzeki ngamunye ukuthi asho umthamo wokuxuba noma wokukhipha ongasetshenziswa ngamagama afanayo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ungase uqhathanise amalitha namalitha kodwa usaqhathanisa izinto ezimbili ezahlukene.
Isilinganiso Semixube Yekhonkrithi Singena Kuphi?
Isilinganiso sokuxuba ukhonkolo sichaza izilinganiso zezithako, hhayi umthamo womshini. Ingxube yensimu engu-1:2:3, isibonelo, isho ingxenye eyodwa yesamente, izingxenye ezimbili zesihlabathi kanye nezingxenye ezintathu ze-coarse aggregate lapho kusetshenziswa indlela efanayo yokulinganisa ivolumu.
Uma kusetshenziswa ibhakede elilodwa elingamalitha ayi-10 njengeyunithi yokulinganisa, izinto ezomile zizoqala ngamalitha ayi-10 esimende, amalitha angama-20 esihlabathi kanye namalitha angama-30 e-coarse aggregate. Amanzi akufanele abe nje inombolo yesine kuleso silinganiso. Adinga ukulawulwa okuhlukile.
Futhi amalitha angu-60 ezithako ezomile akufanele aphanjaniswe namalitha angu-60 ekhonkrithi eliqediwe. Izinhlayiya ezincane zigcwalisa izikhala phakathi kwe-aggregate eqinile, i-cement paste igcwalisa izikhala ezincane, futhi izinto ziyahlala ngesikhathi sokuxuba. Noma ubani oke wafaka i-mixer uyazi ukuthi ikhonkrithi inekhono elihle kakhulu ekwenzeni inani eliphelele lezibalo linyamalale.
Uma udinga uhlangothi lwesilinganiso ngokuningiliziwe, okuhlanganisa izinkomba ezingu-1:2:3 kanye no-1:2:4, sebenzisa i-ACE ishadi lesilinganiso sokuhlanganiswa kwekhonkrithi Nokho, emsebenzini wokwakha, landela incazelo yephrojekthi kanye nomklamo wengxube ovunyiwe kunokukhetha isilinganiso esijwayelekile ngoba nje sijwayelekile.
Isilinganiso Samanzi Nesimende: Ingxenye Ongeke Uyihlulele Ngeso
I-ACI ichaza isilinganiso sezinto ezisebenzisa ukhonkolo namanzi, noma i-w/cm, njengesisindo samanzi axubayo ahlukaniswe yisisindo sezinto ezisebenzisa ukhonkolo. Uma kusetshenziswa ama-50 kg ezinto ezisebenzisa ukhonkolo kanye ne-aw/cm engu-0.50, amanzi axubayo ahambisanayo angama-25 kg. Ukubalwa kwangempela kufanele futhi kucatshangelwe amanzi akhululekile athwalwa yi-mixer yi-aggregates.
Isihlabathi Esimanzi Singanezela Amanzi Amaningi Kunalokho Ocabangayo
Isibonelo esisebenzayo se-ACI sibonisa ukuthi lokho kulungiswa kungaba kukhulu kangakanani. Ekubalweni kwayo kwe-SI, ibhetshi laliqukethe ama-770 kg e-aggregate ecolekile eyomile kuhhavini enomswakama ophelele ongu-6.0% kanye nokumuncwa okungu-1.0% . I-aggregate ecolekile yanikela ngama-38.5 kg amanzi angaphezulu akhululekile . I-aggregate ecolekile yengeze amanye ama-11.3 kg , okwenza umswakama ongenayo i-aggregate ube ngu- 49.8 kg . Ukuze kugcinwe amanzi ahlanganisiwe aphelele kuma-190 kg ashiwo, amanzi ahlukaniswe ngokwehlukana kwadingeka ancishiswe abe cishe ama-140 kg .
Lezo zibalo ziyisibonelo sokubala se-ACI, hhayi isimangalo sokuthi yonke inqwaba emanzi iqukethe inani elifanayo lamanzi. Isifundo esiwusizo silula: inani lefosholo lingahlala lifana ncamashi kuyilapho okuqukethwe kwamanzi kwangempela kushintsha kakhulu. Ngemva kwemvula, umqhubi wokuxuba angadinga ukulungisa amanzi yize kungekho okunye okushintshile ku-recipe.
| Isibonelo se-ACI | Inani Elishicilelwe |
|---|---|
| Umswakama ophelele ohlanganisiwe | 6.0% |
| Amanzi angenalutho ahlanganisiwe | 38.5 kg |
| Amanzi angenalutho ahlanganisiwe | 11.3 kg |
| Amanzi aphelele angenawo wonke | 49.8 kg |
| Amanzi angeziwe ngokwehlukana | Cishe ama-140 kg ukuze kugcinwe amanzi axubile angama-190 kg |
Kungani Ukwengeza "Amanzi Amancane Nje" Kungashintsha Iqembu
Isilingo siyaqondakala. Iqembu eliqinile liba lula ukulihambisa ngokushesha nje lapho amanzi amaningi engena esigubhini. I-NRMCA inikeza umthetho owusizo wensimu: cishe amalitha ama-5 amanzi engeziwe nge-cubic meter ngayinye yekhonkrithi angandisa ukwehla cishe ngama-25 mm (1 in.) . Lokho kwanele ukuthi umqhubi aqaphele ngokushesha.
Kodwa ukubekwa okulula akusho ukuthi ukhonkolo usuthuthukile. I-NRMCA ixwayisa ngokuthi amanzi angeziwe ngale kobuningi bokuxuba umklamo angalibazisa ukusetha, anciphise amandla, alimaze ukuqina futhi andise amandla okuqhekeka. Uma ukusebenza okudingekayo kungafinyelelwa ngenkathi kugcinwe ngaphakathi kwe-w/cm ecacisiwe, impendulo ingaba ukuxuba okufanele noma ukulungiswa kwengxube esikhundleni sokuchaphaza okuvamile okuvela epayipini.
Umkhuba wokwenza ukhonkolo oluxutshwe ngomumo uphinde ubonise ukuthi ukulungiswa kwamanzi akuqedwa ngesikhathi ivalvu ivala. Ngaphansi kwezinqubo ze-ASTM C94/C94M ezishiwo yi-NRMCA, ukhonkolo uthola ukujikeleza kokuxuba okungu-30 okwengeziwe ngesivinini sokuxuba ngemva kokungezwa kwamanzi noma ukuxuba endaweni yokusebenza. Leyo mfuneko yokujikeleza okungu-30 isebenza kukhonkolo oluxutshwe ngomumo, hhayi ngokuzenzakalelayo kubaxubi bendawo abaphathekayo, kodwa isimiso sihamba kahle: amanzi engeziwe asadinga ukuxuba okwanele ukuze abe yingxenye yeqoqo lonke.
Indlela Yokubala Inani Lama-Mixer Batches
Uma usuwazi inani lokukhishwa eliqinisekisiwe, ukubalwa kulula:
Inani lamaqoqo = ukhonkolo odingekayo ÷ ivolumu engasetshenziswa ekhishwayo ngeqoqo ngalinye
Uma umshini othile uqinisekisiwe ukuthi ukhipha u-0.28 m³ ngebhetshi ngayinye futhi iphrojekthi idinga u-1.40 m³, abasebenzi badinga amabhetshi amahlanu:
1.40 ÷ 0.28 = amaqoqo ama-5
Isibalo esingu-0.28 m³ lapha simane nje siyisibonelo sokubala; akufanele siphathwe njengomkhiqizo ojwayelekile womxube ngamunye esigabeni esithile sosayizi. Ukuze uhlele ukukhiqiza kwangempela, sebenzisa ishidi ledatha lemodeli noma ibhetshi lesayithi elilinganisiwe.
Ukukhishwa kwehora nakho kuncike ekulayisheni, ekuxubeni, ekukhipheni igesi kanye nasekulungiseleleni ibhetshi elilandelayo. Isigubhu esibukeka simangalisa ephepheni asikhiqizi kahle kakhulu kuyilapho izisebenzi ezimbili zilinde elinye ibhero elihlanganisiwe.
Ukulayisha i-oda kanye nesikhathi sokuxuba kusabalulekile
Uma usayizi webhetshi usulawulwa, inqubo idinga ukuhlala iphindaphindwa. Izinto kufanele zilinganiswe njalo, amanzi kufanele alawulwe kunokuthi aqagelwe, futhi umshini wokuxuba kufanele usebenze isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukuze ukhiqize ibhetshi efanayo ebonakalayo. Asikho isidingo sokuguqula wonke umthwalo ube ukuhlolwa okusha.
Ukulandelana kokulayisha kungahluka ngomklamo wokuxuba kanye nesimo sezinto ezibonakalayo, ngakho-ke lesi sihloko asisho i-oda elilodwa elijwayelekile. Umhlahlandlela we-ACE ku indlela yokuxuba ukhonkolo ku-mixer ihlanganisa inqubo yokusebenza ngokwehlukana. Uma uqhathanisa isikhathi sokuxuba kanye nesivinini somshini, umhlahlandlela wokwenza isivinini sesigubhu sokuxuba ukhonkolo ichaza ukuthi kungani i-RPM iyodwa ingakutsheli ukuthi ibhetshi lixutshwa kahle yini.
Izinkinga Ezivamile Ze-Mixer Batch
| Inkinga | Okuvame Ukungahambi Kahle | Ukuhlola Okungcono |
|---|---|---|
| Isigubhu sigcwele ngokweqile | Izinto zinendawo encane kakhulu yokuhambisa nokuxuba | Umthamo wokusebenza noma wokukhipha olinganisiwe |
| Amanzi anezelwe ngamehlo | I-w/cm yangempela kanye nokuvumelana kungahamba phakathi kwamaqoqo | Amanzi alinganisiwe kanye nomswakama ohlanganisiwe |
| Isihlabathi esimanzi singanakwa | Amanzi angenalutho afihliwe angena engxubeni | Isimo somswakama womphezulu |
| Iqembu lixubene isikhathi esifushane kakhulu | Izinto zokwakha zingase zihlale zingasatshalaliswanga ngokungalingani | Isiqondiso somkhiqizi kanye nokufana kweqembu |
| Amalitha edrama asetshenziswa njengokukhipha | Ukukhiqizwa kwesayithi kulinganiselwa ngokweqile | Ivolumu yokuxuba noma yokukhipha eqinisekisiwe |
| Ingxube eyodwa isetshenziswa umsebenzi ngamunye | Ukhonkolo ungase ungahlangabezani nezidingo zephrojekthi | Ukusebenza okucacisiwe kanye nomklamo ohlanganisiwe ovunyiwe |
Yini Okufanele Abathengi Bayihlole Ngaphambi Koku-oda I-Concrete Mixer?
Uma ufuna ukuthenga, qala ngomsebenzi hhayi ngekhathalogi. Ingakanani ikhonkrithi edingwa yiqembu ngalinye? Zingaki izinqwaba okumelwe zikhiqizwe ngesikhathi esisodwa? Ingabe umshini uzosebenza ngogesi, uphethiloli noma udizili? Ingabe iqembu lingakwazi ukuwulayisha ngokunethezeka, liwuhambise endaweni ethile bese lithola izingxenye ezigugile kamuva?
Bese uhlola umshini ngokwawo: amandla angasetshenziswa, ukwakheka kwe-blade, igiya lesigubhu nendandatho, injini noma injini, uhlaka, amasondo, indlela yokukhipha kanye nokufinyelela kokulungisa. Abathengisi kanye nemikhumbi yokuqasha kufanele banake kakhulu ukufinyelela izingxenye ngoba i-mixer eshibhile kancane iba yishibhile kakhulu uma ichitha amasonto amabili ilinde i-bearing noma ibhande.
I-ACE Uhlu lokuhlola lokuxuba ukhonkolo ihlanganisa amaphuzu emishini ngemininingwane eminingi, kuyilapho umhlahlandlela wokuthenga wokuxuba ukhonkolo oluphathekayo kuyasiza lapho ukuphatheka kalula kanye nezimo zendawo zibalulekile njengosayizi wesigubhu.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Ngosayizi Weqoqo Lomxubi Wekhonkrithi
Ingabe umxube wekhonkrithi ongu-350L ukhiqiza ukhonkrithi oqediwe ongu-350L?
Akunjalo ngempela. Isibalo esingu-350L singachaza ivolumu yesigubhu iyonke kunomthamo wokuxuba noma wokukhipha ongasetshenziswa. Hlola incazelo yomenzi ngaphambi kokubala umphumela we-batch.
Uyini umehluko phakathi komthamo wesigubhu kanye nomthamo wokuxuba?
Umthamo wesigubhu yisikhala sangaphakathi esiphelele. Umthamo wokuxuba yizinto ezisetshenziswa yi-mixer ngenkathi ishiya isikhala esanele sokunyakaza nokuxuba okufanele.
Ingabe isihlabathi esimanzi siyawushintsha umthamo wamanzi adingekayo?
Yebo. Umswakama womphezulu okhululekile esihlabathini kanye nenhlanganisela eqinile kunomthelela ekuxubeni kwamanzi. I-ACI idinga ukuthi la manzi acatshangelwe uma ethinta kakhulu i-w/cm yangempela.
Kungakanani ukungezwa kwamanzi okuncane okungashintsha ukuwohloka kwekhonkrithi?
I-NRMCA inikeza umthetho oyisisekelo wamanzi angaba ngu-5 L/m³ ukuze kube nokwanda kokwehla okungu-25 mm. Kuyisilinganiso sensimu, hhayi imvume yokudlula okuqukethwe kwamanzi okubekiwe noma i-w/cm.
Ingabe isilinganiso sokuxuba ukhonkolo esingu-1:2:3 singcono kakhulu?
Akukho silinganiso esisodwa esiqondile esilungile kuwo wonke umsebenzi. Isilinganiso esingu-1:2:3 siyinkomba evamile yensimu, kodwa ukhonkolo wesakhiwo kufanele ulandele amandla adingekayo, izimo zokuvezwa kanye nomklamo wengxube ovunyiwe.
Ingabe kufanele ngikhethe umxube we-350L, 400L noma 500L?
Khetha kusukela kumkhiqizo we-batch odingekayo ongasetshenziswa, ukukhiqizwa kwansuku zonke, ukufinyelela endaweni, umthombo wamandla nezidingo zokuhamba. Isigaba samalitha siyindawo ewusizo yokuqala, hhayi isinqumo sokuthenga sonke.
Amathegi: usayizi weqoqo lokuxuba ukhonkolo, ivolumu yokuxuba ukhonkolo, umxube wekhonkolo ongu-350L, umxube wekhonkolo ongu-400L, umxube wekhonkolo ongu-500L, umkhiqizo wokuxuba ukhonkolo ngeqoqo ngalinye, ivolumu yesigubhu, umthamo wokuxuba ukhonkolo, ukuhlanganisa ukhonkolo, umhlahlandlela wokuthenga wokuxuba ukhonkolo
