Umthengisi wezixhobo zokwakha izisombululo zoomatshini bokwakha kangangeminyaka engama-30.
Ulwimi
Umthengisi wezixhobo zokwakha izisombululo zoomatshini bokwakha kangangeminyaka engama-30.
Itshati yomlinganiselo womxube wekhonkrithi iluncedo, kodwa yisiqingatha nje sebali. Umlinganiselo ukuxelela ukuba ingakanani isamente, isanti kunye ne-aggregate ekufuneka ifakwe kumxube. Umxube wekhonkrithi ukuxelela ukuba ingakanani loo mxube onokuxutywa ngokufanelekileyo kwibhetshi enye. Xa ezo zinto zimbini zingahambelani, isiphumo siqhelekile: i-wheelbarrow yokuqala ibonakala imanzi, eyokugqibela ibonakala yomile, kwaye wonke umntu okwindawo ngequbuliso uba yingcali yekhonkrithi.
Kwabakhi, iinkampani zokuqeshisa kunye nabathengi bezixhobo, umbuzo wokwenene awungowokuba “Ngowuphi umlinganiselo ongcono womxube wekhonkrithi?” Nguwo othi “Ngaba lo mxube unokukwazi ukuvelisa loo mlinganiselo ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngaphandle kokuwuthwala kakhulu, ukuwutyibiliza, ukuwuminxa okanye ukuwuchitha?” Yiyo loo nto esi sikhokelo sidibanisa itshathi yomlinganiselo womxube wekhonkrithi nobungakanani bebhetshi yomxube, ulawulo lwamanzi kunye nokuhlolwa kokuthenga okusebenzayo.
Ezi ratio zingasezantsi ziireferensi eziqhelekileyo zentsimi. Zihlala zilinganiswa ngomthamo okhululekileyo, njengeebhakethi, kwaye zibhalwe njengesamente: isanti: i-coarse aggregate. Ziluncedo ekucwangciseni iibhetshi ezincinci zesiza, kodwa akufuneki zithathe indawo yoyilo lomxube weprojekthi kwikhonkrithi yesakhiwo okanye umsebenzi olawulwayo.
| Umlinganiselo wokuxuba | Ukusetyenziswa Okuqhelekileyo | Inqaku lomthengi |
|---|---|---|
| 1:1.5:3 | Iislabhu eziqinileyo, iziseko, umsebenzi onzima kwindawo | Ifuna ulawulo lwamanzi olucokisekileyo kunye nokuxinana kakuhle |
| 1:2:3 | Iislabhu eziqhelekileyo, iindlela, iziseko ezincinci | Umxube wesiza olinganiselayo xa iinkcukacha zeprojekthi zikuvumela |
| 1:2:4 | Iislabhu ezilula, iipali, imisebenzi yokulungisa esisiseko | Kulula ukuyibeka, kodwa hayi xa kufuneka ithwalwe kakhulu |
| 1:3:6 | Ikhonkrithi engenasici, izinto zokulala, iileya ezivala amehlo | Umaleko wenkxaso oqinileyo, hayi umxube wesakhiwo |
Umlinganiselo awulomlingo. Ukuba isanti imanzi, ilitye lingcolile, idrama igcwele kakhulu okanye umntu oyisebenzisayo uqhubeka "enceda" ngamanzi angaphezulu, umlinganiselo ofanayo unokusebenza ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Ikhonkrithi inoburharha, kodwa ngelishwa ibubonisa kakhulu emva kokuba inyibilikile.
Amanzi enza i-concrete isebenze, kodwa amanzi amaninzi kakhulu anokuthabatha amandla kancinci kancinci. IZiko leKhonkrithi laseMelika ichaza umlinganiselo wezinto ezisetyenziswa ngamanzi-isamente, okanye i-w/cm, njengobunzima bamanzi axutyiweyo ahlulwe bubunzima bezinto ezisetyenziswa isamente. Oko kuthetha ukuba amanzi kufuneka alawulwe bubunzima okanye indlela yokulinganisa ephindaphindwayo, kungekhona ngokweemvakalelo.
I Umbutho weSamente waseMelika ichaza ukuba umxube wekhonkrithi oqhelekileyo umalunga ne-7% ukuya kwi-15% yesamente, i-60% ukuya kwi-75% iyonke kunye ne-14% ukuya kwi-21% yamanzi ngokomthamo, kwaye umoya ongaphakathi ngamanye amaxesha wongeza ukuya kwenye i-8%. Oku kubonisa isizathu sokuba amanzi afanele ukuhlonitshwa. Ayisosithako sikhulu ngokomthamo, kodwa inefuthe elikhulu ekusebenzeni kakuhle, kumgangatho wentlama kunye nokuqina.
| Imeko Yamanzi | Oko Ukubonayo kwiMixer | Oko Kunokwenzeka Kamva |
|---|---|---|
| Amanzi amancinci kakhulu | Umxube onzima, ukugquma okungahambi kakuhle, ukukhupha amanzi okunzima | I-voids, i-honeycomb, ukugqitywa kakubi |
| Amanzi alawulwayo | Umxube odibeneyo, ukuhamba okuzinzileyo, ukugquma ngokulinganayo | Amandla angcono kunye nokuhambelana |
| Amanzi amaninzi kakhulu | Ukukhupha amanzi ngokulula, umxube olula kakhulu | Ukuncipha okungakumbi, ukuqina okuphantsi, umngcipheko wokuqhekeka |
Ukuba amanzi kufuneka alungiswe emva kokuba kuqaliswe ukuxuba, phinda uxube kancinci. I-NRMCA uqaphela ukuba ukongezwa kwamanzi kufuneka kuhlale ngaphakathi komda woyilo lomxube, kwaye iibhetshi ezilungisiweyo kufuneka zifumane ubuncinane ukujikeleza komxube okungama-30 ngesantya sokuxuba ukuze kuphinde kubekho ukufana.
Enye yezona mpazamo zixhaphakileyo zokuthenga kukuthatha ukuba umxube wekhonkrithi we-350L wenza i-350L yekhonkrithi egqityiweyo ngebhetshi nganye. Akunjalo. Umthamo wedrum, umthamo wokulayisha kunye nomthamo wokukhupha izinto zizinto ezahlukeneyo. Umxube ufuna indawo engenanto ngaphakathi kwidrum ukuze izinto zikwazi ukugoba, zidilike kwaye zigqumeke kakuhle. Zizalise emlonyeni kwaye ziyeke ukuxuba; ziyakhalaza nje ngezangqa.
Ngaphambi kokuba ukhethe umatshini, cela ubungakanani bokukhupha umatshini obulinganisiweyo, kungekuphela nje ngobukhulu bedrama. Elo nani lisondele kakhulu kwinto umthengi anokuyiceba.
| Iklasi yoMxubi | Uhlobo lomsebenzi olufanelekileyo | Yintoni Omele Uyihlole Ngaphambi Kokuthenga |
|---|---|---|
| Umxube we-350L | Iislabhu ezincinci, ukulungiswa, izithuba, imisebenzi yasefama, ukusetyenziswa kwerenti | Umthamo wokukhupha wokwenyani, amandla emoto, amandla evili |
| Umxubi we-400L | Umsebenzi oqhelekileyo wokontraka, iingeniso ezincinci zorhwebo | Ubukhulu bedrum, umgangatho weringi yegiya, uyilo lweblade |
| Umxube we-500L | Imveliso ephezulu yemihla ngemihla kwiindawo ezincinci neziphakathi | Ukuphakama kokulayisha, umthombo wamandla, uzinzo lwesakhelo |
Ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe ngalo mba, khangela isikhokelo se-ACE ku umthamo womxube wekhonkrithi ichaza isizathu sokuba imveliso elinganisiweyo ibaluleke ngaphezu kwenani eliprintiweyo ecaleni kwedrama.
Qala ngomlinganiselo, uze uwulinganise nomthamo womxubi. Kwi-1:2:3 mix, yonke inxalenye yesamente ifuna iinxalenye ezimbini zesanti kunye neenxalenye ezintathu ze-coarse aggregate. Ukuba isitya sokulinganisa yibhakethi ye-10L, ibhetshi enye encinci ingaqala ngesamente ye-10L, isanti ye-20L kunye ne-coarse aggregate ye-30L, emva koko amanzi ayongezwa kancinci kancinci.
Umthamo wokugqibela wekhonkrithi emanzi awuyi kulingana nomthamo wezithako ezomileyo. Isanti izalisa izithuba phakathi kwamatye, isamente izalisa izithuba ezincinci, amanzi avuselela intlama, kwaye yonke inqwaba ihlala ibe yinto encinci ngakumbi. Ikhonkrithi ayikhathali ngezibalo ezicocekileyo. Ikhetha ifiziksi.
Indlela esebenzayo yokudibanisa izinto ezahlukeneyo yile:
Khetha umlinganiselo ovumelekileyo kulo msebenzi.
Qinisekisa ubungakanani bokulayisha kunye nokukhupha obulinganisiweyo bomxube.
Sebenzisa ibhakethi enye okanye isitya esinye esiqinileyo kuzo zonke izinto ezomileyo.
Yongeza inxalenye yamanzi kuphela kuqala.
Layisha izinto kancinci kancinci, kungekhona kwindawo enye yokulahla inkunkuma yobuqhawe.
Lungisa amanzi kancinci uze urekhode ibhetshi ephinda-phindayo.
Umlinganiselo olungileyo womxube wekhonkrithi usenokungaphumeleli ukuba ulayini wokulayisha awulunganga. Kwii-drum mixers ezininzi eziphathwayo, qala ngenxalenye yamanzi, yongeza i-aggregate erhabaxa, uze wongeze isanti kunye nesamente, ulandelwe yi-aggregate eseleyo. Yongeza amanzi aseleyo kancinci emva kokuba izinto ziqale ukuxubana.
Olu landelelwano lunceda ukuthintela isamente ukuba inganamatheli kwidrama kwaye lunciphisa iipokotho ezomileyo. Ukuba umxube uyasokola, musa ukongeza amanzi ngokukhawuleza. Okokuqala jonga ukuba ingaba ibhetshi inkulu kakhulu, i-engile yedrama ayilunganga, iiblayidi zigugile okanye ukuba izinto zongezwe ngokukhawuleza. Ukuze ufumane inkqubo epheleleyo yokusebenza, sebenzisa isikhokelo se-ACE kwi indlela yokuxuba ikhonkrithi kwi-mixer .
| Impazamo | Isizathu Sokuba Kubuhlungu | Ukuziqhelanisa Okungcono |
|---|---|---|
| Ukulayisha idrama kakhulu | Izinto eziqengqelekayo endaweni yokuxuba | Hlala ngaphakathi komthamo wokulayisha olinganiselweyo |
| Ukongeza amanzi ngeliso | Ukusebenza kuyaphucuka, amandla angase ehle | Linganisa amanzi uze ulungise kancinci kancinci |
| Ukungayinaki intlabathi emanzi | Amanzi afihliweyo atshintsha i-w/cm yokwenyani | Nciphisa amanzi ongezelelweyo xa isanti ifumile |
| Ukuxuba okufutshane kakhulu | Intlama ayigubungeli ngokulinganayo | Landela ulwalathiso lomxube kwaye ujonge ukuba izinto ziyafana na |
| Ukusebenzisa umlinganiselo omnye kumsebenzi ngamnye | Imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo ifuna ukusebenza okwahlukileyo | Tshatisa umlinganiselo nesicelo |
| Ukuthenga kuphela ngobukhulu bedrama | Imveliso isenokuba ngaphantsi kunokuba bekulindelwe | Thelekisa amandla okukhupha kunye namandla |
Ukuba iresiphi ichanekile kodwa umxube usabi mhle, ingxaki isenokuba yeyoomatshini. Ukutyibilika kwebhanti, iiblade ezigugileyo, isantya esingalunganga sedrama okanye ukuguguleka kwegiya konke oku kunokuchaphazela umgangatho wokuxuba. isikhokelo sokusombulula iingxaki zomxube wekhonkrithi lelona phepha lingcono lokuxilonga ezo mpazamo.
Kubathengisi, iinkampani eziqeshisayo kunye nabakhi, umxube wekhonkrithi awungomgqomo nje onenjini. Sisixhobo esinokuphindaphindwa. Ukuba abaqhubi abakwazi ukwenza iibhetshi ezifanayo yonke imihla, umatshini uya kudala iingxoxo ngokukhawuleza kunokuba udala ikhonkrithi.
| Umbuzo womthengi | Iinkcukacha zokujonga | Isizathu Sokuba Kubalulekile |
|---|---|---|
| Ngaba ingaphatha ii-common mix ratios? | Umthamo wokulayisha kunye noyilo lweblade | Ithintela iipokotho ezomileyo kunye nokugqithisa kakhulu |
| Ngaba imveliso iya kuhambelana neemfuno zemihla ngemihla zesiza? | Umthamo wokukhupha kunye nexesha lokujikeleza | Inceda ekuqikeleleni imveliso yokwenyani |
| Ngaba ukugcinwa kulula? | Iringi yegiya, ibhanti, iibheringi kunye nokufikelela kwi-lubrication | Inciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi |
| Ngaba umthombo wamandla uyahambelana nemarike? | Umbane, ipetroli okanye idizili | Ihambelana neemeko zamandla kwindawo yomsebenzi |
| Kulula na ukuhamba? | Isakhelo, ubungakanani bevili kunye nokulinganisela | Kubalulekile kubasebenzi abaqeshisayo nabasebenzi abancinci |
| Ingaba inkxaso iyafumaneka? | Iinxalenye, amaxwebhu kunye noncedo lokuhlola | Ikhusela iindleko zobunini bexesha elide |
Ukuba uthelekisa oomatshini, qala ngee-ACE's abavelisi bomxube wekhonkrithi iphepha. Ukuze ukhethe indawo yomsebenzi, funda isikhokelo sokuthenga umxube wekhonkrithi ophathwayo Ngaphambi kokuba ufake iodolo enkulu, Uluhlu lokuhlola umxube wekhonkrithi liphepha ekufuneka ligcinwe ecaleni kwesicatshulwa.
Kwindawo yokusebenza ngokubanzi, i-1:2:3 sisilinganiselo esiqhelekileyo sesamente, isanti kunye ne-coarse aggregate. Kwindawo yokusebenza elula, i-1:2:4 ingasetyenziswa. Kwikhonkrithi yolwakhiwo, soloko ulandela iinkcukacha zeprojekthi okanye uyilo lomxube oluyilwe ngobunjineli.
Ngokubanzi, i-1:2:3 inentlama yesamente eninzi xa ithelekiswa ne-aggregate, ngoko ke isetyenziswa rhoqo kwikhonkrithi eqinileyo. Amandla okugqibela axhomekeke kulawulo lwamanzi, umgangatho we-aggregate, ukuxinana kunye nokucocwa.
Ngokwesiqhelo hayi. Idrama ye-350L ayithethi ukuba ikhonkrithi egqityiweyo ingama-350L ngebhetshi nganye. Abathengi kufuneka bacele umthamo wokulayisha olinganisiweyo kunye nomthamo wokukhupha.
Amanzi angaphezulu andisa ukusebenza kakuhle ekuqaleni, kodwa angenza buthathaka intlama yesamente kwaye andise ukushwabana. Yiyo loo nto amanzi kufuneka alinganiswe aze alungiswe ngononophelo.
Iingxubevange zasemasimini zihlala zisebenzisa umthamo, njengeebhakethi. Uyilo lomxube oluchwephesha ludla ngokusebenzisa ubunzima, ingakumbi xa kubalwa umlinganiselo wezinto ezisetyenziswa ngamanzi nesamente.
Jonga ubungakanani bokukhupha umbane obulinganisiweyo, ubukhulu bedrama, uyilo lweblade, amandla enjini okanye injini, umgangatho wegiya, inkxaso yezixhobo ezisele kunye nokufikelela kulondolozo. Umxube ongabizi kakhulu awusoloko ubiza kancinci emva kwebhili yokuqala yokulungisa.
