Kampani yogulitsa zida zomangira yomwe yakhala ikupereka mayankho a makina omangira kwa zaka 30.
Chilankhulo
Kampani yogulitsa zida zomangira yomwe yakhala ikupereka mayankho a makina omangira kwa zaka 30.
Tchati cha chiŵerengero cha konkire ndi chothandiza, koma ndi theka lokha la nkhani. Chiŵerengerocho chimakuuzani kuchuluka kwa simenti, mchenga ndi aggregate zomwe ziyenera kuyikidwa mu chisakanizocho. Chosakaniza konkire chimakuuzani kuchuluka kwa chisakanizocho chomwe chingasakanizidwe bwino mu gulu limodzi. Zinthu ziwirizi zikasiyana, zotsatira zake zimakhala zodziwika bwino: wheelbarrow yoyamba imawoneka yonyowa, yomaliza imawoneka youma, ndipo aliyense amene ali pamalopo mwadzidzidzi amakhala katswiri wa konkire.
Kwa makontrakitala, makampani obwereketsa ndi ogula zida, funso lenileni silili loti "Kodi chiŵerengero chabwino kwambiri cha konkriti ndi chiyani?" Ndi "Kodi chosakanizira ichi chingapange chiŵerengero chimenecho mobwerezabwereza popanda kudzaza, kutsetsereka, kutsamwa kapena kuwononga zinthu?" Ndicho chifukwa chake bukuli limalumikiza tchati cha chiŵerengero cha konkriti ndi kukula kwa gulu la chosakanizira, kuwongolera madzi ndi macheke ogulira ogwira ntchito.
Ma ratio omwe ali pansipa ndi ma field references omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri amayesedwa ndi voliyumu yotayirira, monga mabaketi, ndipo amalembedwa ngati simenti: mchenga: coarse aggregate. Ndi othandiza pokonzekera magulu ang'onoang'ono a malo, koma sayenera kusintha kapangidwe ka pulojekiti yosakanikirana ndi konkriti yomangidwa kapena ntchito yolamulidwa.
| Chiŵerengero Chosakaniza | Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kawirikawiri | Chidziwitso cha Wogula |
|---|---|---|
| 1:1.5:3 | Ma slab olimba, maziko, ntchito yolemera pamalopo | Imafunika kulamulira bwino madzi ndi kukanikiza bwino |
| 1:2:3 | Ma slab wamba, njira, maziko ang'onoang'ono | Kusakaniza bwino malo ngati zofunikira za polojekiti zikulola |
| 1:2:4 | Ma slab opepuka, nsanamira, ntchito zoyambira zokonzanso | Kuyika kosavuta, koma osati pa ntchito yolemera kwambiri |
| 1:3:6 | Konkireti yopanda mafuta, zofunda, zigawo zophimba maso | Chigawo chothandizira chotsika mphamvu, osati chosakaniza kapangidwe kake |
Chiŵerengero cha matsenga si matsenga. Ngati mchenga uli wonyowa, mwala uli wodetsedwa, ng'oma yadzaza kwambiri kapena wogwiritsa ntchito akupitiriza "kuthandiza" ndi madzi owonjezera, chiŵerengero chomwecho chingachite mosiyana kwambiri. Konkire imakhala ndi nthabwala, koma mwatsoka imawonekera kwambiri ikasungunuka.
Madzi amapangitsa kuti konkire ikhale yogwira ntchito, koma madzi ochulukirapo amatha kuba mphamvu mwakachetechete. Bungwe la American Concrete Amatanthauzira chiŵerengero cha zinthu zosakaniza ndi simenti, kapena w/cm, ngati kulemera kwa madzi osakaniza ogawidwa ndi kulemera kwa zinthu zosakaniza simenti. Izi zikutanthauza kuti madzi ayenera kulamulidwa ndi kulemera kapena njira yoyezera yobwerezabwereza, osati ndi momwe zinthu zilili.
The Bungwe la Simenti la ku America Akufotokoza kuti chisakanizo cha simenti chodziwika bwino chimakhala pafupifupi 7% mpaka 15% simenti, 60% mpaka 75% chophatikizana ndi 14% mpaka 21% madzi ndi voliyumu, pomwe mpweya wolowetsedwa nthawi zina umawonjezera 8%. Izi zikusonyeza chifukwa chake madzi ayenera kulemekezedwa. Sichomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi voliyumu, koma chimakhudza kwambiri kugwira ntchito, ubwino wa phala komanso kulimba.
| Mkhalidwe wa Madzi | Zimene Mumaona mu Chosakaniza | Zimene Zingachitike Pambuyo pake |
|---|---|---|
| Madzi ochepa kwambiri | Kusakaniza koopsa, kuphimba koyipa, kutulutsa madzi movutikira | Zopanda kanthu, kusambitsa uchi, kutha bwino |
| Madzi olamulidwa | Kusakaniza kogwirizana, kuyenda bwino, ndi kuphimba kofanana | Mphamvu yabwino komanso kusasinthasintha |
| Madzi ochulukirapo | Kutulutsa madzi mosavuta, kusakaniza kwamadzimadzi kwambiri | Kuchepa kwambiri, kulimba kochepa, chiopsezo cha ming'alu |
Ngati madzi ayenera kusinthidwa mutayamba kusakaniza, chitani pang'onopang'ono ndikusakanizanso. NRMCA akunena kuti kuwonjezera madzi kuyenera kukhala mkati mwa malire a kapangidwe ka kusakaniza, ndipo magulu osinthidwa ayenera kulandira maulendo osachepera 30 osakaniza pa liwiro losakaniza kuti abwererenso kufanana.
Chimodzi mwa zolakwika zomwe anthu ambiri amagula ndi kuganiza kuti chosakanizira konkire cha 350L chimapanga 350L ya konkire yomalizidwa pa gulu lililonse. Sizitero. Kuchuluka kwa ng'oma, mphamvu yonyamula katundu, ndi mphamvu yotulutsira zinthu ndi zinthu zosiyana. Chosakanizira chimafuna malo opanda kanthu mkati mwa ng'oma kuti zinthuzo zipinde, zigwedezeke ndikuphimba bwino. Chidzazeni pakamwa ndipo chimasiya kusakaniza; chimangodandaula mozungulira.
Musanasankhe makina, funsani kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yotulutsira madzi, osati kukula kwa ng'oma yokha. Chiwerengero chimenecho chili pafupi ndi chomwe wogula angakonzekere.
| Kalasi Yosakaniza | Mtundu wa Ntchito Yoyenera | Zoyenera Kuyang'ana Musanagule |
|---|---|---|
| Chosakaniza cha 350L | Matabwa ang'onoang'ono, kukonza, nsanamira, ntchito za pafamu, kugwiritsa ntchito lendi | Mphamvu yeniyeni yotulutsa, mphamvu ya injini, mphamvu ya gudumu |
| Chosakaniza cha 400L | Ntchito yanthawi zonse ya kontrakitala, ntchito zazing'ono zamalonda | Kukhuthala kwa ng'oma, mtundu wa mphete ya zida, kapangidwe ka tsamba |
| Chosakaniza cha 500L | Kutulutsa kwakukulu kwa tsiku ndi tsiku m'malo ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati | Kutalika kwa katundu, gwero la mphamvu, kukhazikika kwa chimango |
Kuti mudziwe zambiri pankhaniyi, onani buku la ACE lothandizira mphamvu yosakanizira konkire akufotokoza chifukwa chake zotsatira zoyesedwa ndizofunikira kwambiri kuposa nambala yosindikizidwa pafupi ndi ng'oma.
Yambani ndi chiŵerengero, kenako chigwirizane ndi mphamvu yogwirira ntchito ya chosakanizira. Pa chisakanizo cha 1:2:3, gawo limodzi lililonse la simenti limafuna magawo awiri a mchenga ndi magawo atatu a coarse aggregate. Ngati chidebe choyezera ndi chidebe cha 10L, gulu limodzi laling'ono likhoza kuyamba ndi simenti ya 10L, mchenga wa 20L ndi coarse aggregate ya 30L, kenako madzi amawonjezedwa pang'onopang'ono.
Kuchuluka kwa konkire yonyowa komaliza sikungafanane ndi kuchuluka kwa zosakaniza zouma. Mchenga umadzaza mipata pakati pa miyala, simenti imadzaza mipata yaying'ono, madzi amayatsa phala, ndipo mulu wonse umakhazikika kukhala chinthu chocheperako. Konkire sisamala za masamu abwino. Imakonda fizikisi.
Njira yothandiza yopangira magulu ndi iyi:
Sankhani chiŵerengero chovomerezeka cha ntchitoyo.
Tsimikizani kuchuluka kwa katundu ndi kutulutsa kwa chosakaniziracho.
Gwiritsani ntchito chidebe chimodzi chokhazikika kapena chidebe chimodzi pazinthu zonse zouma.
Onjezani gawo limodzi lokha la madzi poyamba.
Lowetsani zinthu pang'onopang'ono, osati mu dambo limodzi lamphamvu.
Sinthani madzi pang'onopang'ono ndikulemba gulu lobwerezabwereza.
Chiŵerengero chabwino cha kusakaniza konkire chingalephereke ngati dongosolo lokweza katundu silili bwino. Pa makina ambiri osakaniza ng'oma onyamulika, yambani ndi gawo la madzi, onjezerani aggregate yolimba, kenako onjezerani mchenga ndi simenti, kenako aggregate yotsalayo. Onjezani madzi otsala pang'onopang'ono zinthuzo zikayamba kusakanikirana.
Ndondomekoyi imathandiza kuti simenti isamamatire ku ng'oma ndipo imachepetsa matumba ouma. Ngati chosakanizira chikuvuta, musawonjezere madzi nthawi yomweyo. Choyamba onani ngati gululo ndi lalikulu kwambiri, ngodya ya ng'oma siili bwino, masamba awonongeka kapena zinthuzo zawonjezeredwa mwachangu kwambiri. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino, gwiritsani ntchito malangizo a ACE pa momwe mungasakanizire konkriti mu chosakanizira .
| Cholakwika | Chifukwa Chake Zimapweteka | Kuchita Bwino |
|---|---|---|
| Kudzaza ng'oma mopitirira muyeso | Zipangizo zimazungulira m'malo mosakaniza | Khalani mkati mwa kuchuluka kwa katundu wovomerezeka |
| Kuwonjezera madzi ndi maso | Kugwira ntchito bwino kumawonjezeka, mphamvu zimatha kuchepa | Yesani madzi ndikusintha pang'onopang'ono |
| Kunyalanyaza mchenga wonyowa | Madzi obisika amasintha w/cm yeniyeni | Chepetsani madzi owonjezera mchenga ukakhala wonyowa |
| Kusakaniza kwakanthawi kochepa kwambiri | Phala silimaphimba mofanana | Tsatirani malangizo a chosakanizira ndikuwona ngati chikugwirizana |
| Kugwiritsa ntchito chiŵerengero chimodzi pa ntchito iliyonse | Ntchito zosiyanasiyana zimafuna magwiridwe antchito osiyanasiyana | Gwirizanitsani chiŵerengero ndi pulogalamuyo |
| Kugula kokha ndi kukula kwa ng'oma | Zotsatira zitha kukhala zochepa kuposa momwe zimayembekezeredwa | Yerekezerani mphamvu yotulutsa ndi mphamvu |
Ngati njira yophikira ndi yolondola koma kusakaniza sikuli bwino, vuto likhoza kukhala la makina. Kutsetsereka kwa lamba, masamba osweka, liwiro lolakwika la ng'oma kapena kuvala zida zonse zitha kusokoneza ubwino wa kusakaniza. ACE's kalozera wothetsera mavuto a chosakanizira konkriti ndi tsamba labwino kwambiri lodziwira zolakwika zimenezo.
Kwa ogulitsa, makampani obwereketsa ndi makontrakitala, chosakanizira konkire si ng'oma yokhala ndi injini yokha. Ndi chida chobwerezabwereza. Ngati ogwira ntchito sangathe kupanga magulu ofanana tsiku lililonse, makinawo amapanga mikangano mwachangu kuposa momwe amapangira konkire.
| Funso la Wogula | Mafotokozedwe Oyenera Kuwunika | Chifukwa Chake Ndi Chofunika |
|---|---|---|
| Kodi ingathe kuthana ndi ma common mix ratios? | Kutha kunyamula katundu ndi kapangidwe ka tsamba | Zimaletsa matumba ouma ndi kuchulukira kwa zinthu |
| Kodi zotsatira zake zikugwirizana ndi zomwe tsamba likufuna tsiku ndi tsiku? | Mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu ndi nthawi yozungulira | Zimathandiza kuwerengera zokolola zenizeni |
| Kodi kukonza zinthu n'kosavuta? | Mphete ya zida, lamba, mabearing ndi njira yopezera mafuta | Amachepetsa nthawi yopuma |
| Kodi gwero lamagetsi likugwirizana ndi msika? | Magetsi, petulo kapena dizilo | Zikugwirizana ndi mphamvu zomwe zili pamalo antchito |
| Kodi n'zosavuta kusuntha? | Chimango, kukula kwa gudumu ndi kulinganiza | Zofunika kwa ogwira ntchito yobwereka ndi ogwira ntchito ang'onoang'ono |
| Kodi thandizo lilipo? | Zigawo, zikalata ndi thandizo lowunikira | Zimateteza mtengo wa umwini wa nthawi yayitali |
Ngati mukuyerekeza makina, yambani ndi ma ACE opanga chosakanizira konkire tsamba. Kuti musankhe malo ogwirira ntchito, werengani kalozera wogulira chosakanizira konkire chonyamulika Musanayike oda yochuluka, Mndandanda wowunika wowunikira chosakanizira konkriti ndi tsamba loyenera kusunga pafupi ndi mawu ogwidwa.
Pa ntchito yonse ya malo, 1:2:3 ndi chiŵerengero chodziwika bwino cha simenti, mchenga ndi coarse aggregate. Pa ntchito yopepuka, 1:2:4 ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Pa konkriti yomangira, nthawi zonse tsatirani zomwe zafotokozedwa pa ntchitoyo kapena kapangidwe kake kosakanikirana.
Kawirikawiri, 1:2:3 imakhala ndi simenti yambiri poyerekeza ndi aggregate, kotero nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga konkire yolimba. Mphamvu yomaliza imadalirabe kuwongolera madzi, ubwino wa aggregate, kukhuthala ndi kuuma.
Kawirikawiri ayi. Ng'oma ya 350L sikutanthauza 350L ya konkire yomalizidwa pa gulu lililonse. Ogula ayenera kufunsa kuti ali ndi mphamvu yotani yonyamulira katundu komanso mphamvu yotulutsira katundu.
Madzi owonjezera amawonjezera kugwira ntchito bwino poyamba, koma amatha kufooketsa phala la simenti ndikuwonjezera kuchepa kwake. Ichi ndichifukwa chake madzi ayenera kuyezedwa ndikusinthidwa mosamala.
Zosakaniza za m'munda nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka, monga mabaketi. Mapangidwe a akatswiri osakaniza nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kulemera, makamaka powerengera chiŵerengero cha zinthu zamadzi ndi simenti.
Yang'anani kuchuluka kwa kutulutsa madzi, makulidwe a ng'oma, kapangidwe ka tsamba, mphamvu ya injini kapena injini, mtundu wa zida, chithandizo cha zida zina ndi mwayi wokonza. Chosakaniza chotsika mtengo kwambiri nthawi zonse sichimakhala chotsika mtengo pambuyo pa bilu yoyamba yokonza.
