Umhlinzeki wemishini yokwakha wezixazululo zemishini yokwakha iminyaka engama-30.
Ulimi
Umhlinzeki wemishini yokwakha wezixazululo zemishini yokwakha iminyaka engama-30.
I-plate compactor ingajula kangakanani? Akukho ukujula okujwayelekile kuwo wonke umshini nezinto zokwakha. I-plate eqondiswa ngesandla engaphambili ingajula ungqimba lwesihlabathi noma i-gravel elawulwayo, kuyilapho i-plate esindayo eguquguqukayo ingasebenzisa amandla amakhulu kakhulu e-centrifugal. Umphumela usancike ekulinganisweni okuhlanganisiwe, umswakama, ukujiya kokuphakamisa okukhululekile, isivinini sokuhamba kanye nobuningi obudingekayo yiphrojekthi.
Umbuzo owusizo kakhulu uthi: “Isikhundla ngasinye kufanele sibe sikhulu kangakanani?” I-plate compactor ingenza indawo engaphezulu ibukeke iqinile kuyilapho ingxenye engezansi ihlala ikhululekile. Indawo engaphezulu ingase ibukeke ilungele umcimbi wokusika iribhoni, kodwa izinto ezingaphansi kwayo zisengahlela isimangalo sesikhathi esizayo.
Ngemishini eqondiswa ngesandla, isisekelo kufanele sakhiwe ngama-lifti alinganisiwe kunokuba sibekwe ekujuleni kwaso okuphelele futhi sihlanganiswe kusuka phezulu. Izibalo zomkhiqizi zinikeza amaphuzu okubhekisela awusizo, kodwa kumele zihlale zinamathele emshinini nasezintweni ezishiwo.
Isibonelo, i- I-BOMAG BP 25/50 D inesisindo esingu-125 kg, inobubanzi bokusebenza obungu-500 mm futhi ibala ukuphakama kokugcwalisa okufika ku-300 mm esihlabathini esifanele, amatshe ayigugu kanye nenhlabathi exubile. Lesi yisibalo sesicelo esiqondene nemodeli ethile, akuqinisekisi ukuthi wonke umshini wokufaka ipuleti elingaphambili angawucindezela ngokuphelele ukuphakamisa okungu-300 mm.
| Isibonelo esishicilelwe | Isibalo esithile | Indlela yokuyichaza |
|---|---|---|
| I-BOMAG BP 25/50 D | Isisindo sokusebenza esingu-125 kg | Ikhomba isigaba somshini ngemuva kwesimangalo sokujula |
| Ububanzi bokusebenza | 500 mm | Ibonisa usayizi wepuleti osetshenziswe kuhlelo lokusebenza olushicilelwe |
| Ukuphakama kokugcwalisa | Kufika ku-300 mm | Kusebenza esihlabathini esifanele, ematsheni angenalutho kanye nasenhlabathini exubile |
| Ucwaningo lwensimu ye-ASCE | Ukuphakamisa ukuhlolwa okungu-200 mm | Icala lensimu eliqinisekisiwe, hhayi indawo yonke |
Ukujula kwesisekelo okuphelele kuwukujiya okuqediwe okudingwa yiphrojekthi. Ukujiya kokuphakamisa okukhululekile kuwukujula kokusabalala kwezinto ngaphambi kokucindezela. Ukujula kokucindezela okusebenzayo yingxenye yalolo ngqimba lapho umshini ukhiqiza khona ukwanda kobuningi obulinganiswayo.
Ngakho-ke isisekelo sendlela yokungena esingama-300 mm singadinga ukuphakanyiswa okubili noma ngaphezulu okuhlukene, kuye ngomshini, i-aggregate kanye nencazelo. Ukuphakanyiswa ngakunye kufanele kulinganiswe, kufakwe umswakama futhi kuhlanganiswe ngaphambi kokufakwa kwesendlalelo esilandelayo. Ukwengeza amapasi amaningi akuhlali kusindisa ukuphakanyiswa okwakukhulu kakhulu kusukela ekuqaleni.
Ukuphakamisa okungu-200 mm—cishe amasentimitha ayisishiyagalombili—kungasebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo. Esifundweni sensimu ye-ASCE utility-trench, ipuleti lokudlidliza elihamba ngemuva ngokuvamile lifinyelele ngaphezu kwe-100% yobuningi be-Standard Proctor kukuphakamisa okungu-200 mm. Lokhu kunikeza ubufakazi obuwusizo bensimu, kodwa kusebenza emishinini evivinyiwe, izinto zokugcwalisa emuva kanye nenqubo yokwakha. Akwenzi ama-200 mm abe yisethingi ezenzakalelayo ye-plate compactor ngayinye.
Lo mehluko ubalulekile ngoba ukuphakama kokugcwalisa okushicilelwe ngumkhiqizi kanye nokuphakamisa okuhloliwe kocwaningo lwensimu kuphendula imibuzo ehlukene. Omunye uchaza ububanzi besicelo obuhlosiwe; omunye ubika umphumela olinganisiwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezichaziwe. Akukho okunye okuthatha indawo yesidingo sobuningi ekucacisweni kwephrojekthi.
Amapuleti okudlidliza ngokuvamile afanelana nezinto ezihlanganisiwe njengesihlabathi, amatshe acwebezelayo, uthuli lwamatshe kanye ne-aggregate echotshoziwe ngoba ukudlidliza kusiza izinhlayiya ukuthi zihlele kabusha zibe yisakhiwo esiminyene. I-United Rentals ibona lezi zinto njengezicelo ezivamile ze-plate-compactor. Inhlabathi enobumba noma i-silt eningi ingasabela kangcono ku-tamping rammer noma i-roller ngoba izinhlayiya ezihlangene azihleli kabusha ngokukhululeka ngaphansi kokudlidliza komhlaba.
Umswakama ushintsha indlela izinhlayiya ezihamba futhi zivaleleke kalula ngayo. Izinto ezomile kakhulu zingamelana nokuhleleka kabusha, kuyilapho amanzi amaningi engabangela ukupompa, ukugoba noma ukusaphazeka ebusweni. Akukho maphesenti omswakama aphelele anomthwalo wemfanelo kuwo wonke amatshe noma inhlabathi. Abakhi kufanele balandele imininingwane yephrojekthi noma basungule ububanzi bokusebenza ngesigaba sokuhlola.
Igama elithi “plate compactor” lihlanganisa imishini enemiphumela ehlukene kakhulu. I-United Rentals ibala amapuleti aqondisa isiqondiso esisodwa anamandla e-centrifugal angu-3,000–5,000 lbf kanye nesisindo sokusebenza esingu-181–229 lb. Isigaba sayo esinzima esiguquguqukayo sifinyelela ku-11,000–14,000 lbf futhi sinesisindo esingu-771–1,014 lb. Isibalo sokujula esivela kwelinye ikilasi akufanele sidluliselwe kwelinye ngaphandle kokuhlola izinto, indawo yepuleti kanye nobuningi bezinto ezihlosiwe.
| Ikilasi lemishini | Amandla e-Centrifugal | Isisindo sokusebenza | Incazelo evamile yokukhetha |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ipuleti eliqondisa okukodwa | 3,000–5,000 lbf | 181–229 lb | Umsebenzi omncane we-granular, we-paving kanye nokulungisa |
| Ipuleti elisindayo eliphendukayo | 11,000–14,000 lbf | 771–1,014 lb | Izindawo ezinkulu kanye nama-lifti adinga kakhulu |
Umshini osindayo uvame ukuba namandla amakhulu okujula, kodwa isisindo sodwa asiyona impendulo. Ukuvama kokudlidliza, ubukhulu, ubukhulu bepuleti kanye nesivinini sokuhamba kunquma ukuthi lawo mandla angena kanjani ezintweni.
I-United Rentals inikeza umthetho wokuqala we-intshi eyodwa yezinto ezibonakalayo kuwo wonke amandla okucindezela angu-1,000 lbf. Umhlahlandlela ofanayo uhlobanisa cishe ukudlidliza okungu-5,700 ngomzuzu ngezendlalelo ezincane kanye ne-vpm engu-3,000–4,000 nezendlalelo ezijiyile. Lezi zibalo zingasiza ekuqhathaniseni imishini, kodwa ziyimithetho yokuhlola kunokubalwa kokujula okuqinisekisiwe.
Ngaphansi kwalowo mthetho, umshini onesisindo esingama-5,000 lbf ungase ucatshangelwe ekuqaleni ngezinto ezingaba amasentimitha amahlanu. Ukuphakamisa kokugcina kusadinga ukulungiswa komswakama, ukulinganisa okuhlanganisiwe, indawo yepuleti kanye nobuningi obudingekayo. Inhlabathi ayivamile ukufunda incwajana yokuthengisa, ngakho-ke ingxenye yokuhlola ihlala iwusizo.
Akukho inani elithembekile lamaphasi aqinile kuwo wonke umsebenzi. Amaphasi engeziwe awusizo kuphela ngenkathi ubukhulu noma ukuqina okulinganisiwe kuqhubeka nokwanda. Ukuphakamisa okujiyile kakhulu kungahlala kukhululekile eduze kwephansi ngisho nangemva kokuba indawo ithole ama-laps amaningana ahlaba umxhwele.
Qala ngesigaba sokuhlola usebenzisa izinto ezihleliwe, ilifti ekhululekile kanye nomshini. Sebenzisa imigqa yokuhamba ehambisanayo, gcina isivinini esihambisanayo bese uqopha inani lamaphasi. Ukuze uthole izisekelo zesakhiwo, imigwaqo, ama-slab kanye nomsebenzi wokusiza, qinisekisa umphumela usebenzisa indlela yokuqina kwensimu noma yokuqina edingekayo ngokwencazelo.
| Isicelo | Indlela ewusizo | Ingozi eyinhloko |
|---|---|---|
| Indlela yokungena enetshe | Ama-lifti alinganisiwe amancane anama-pass ahambisanayo | Ukuhlala ezindleleni zamasondo |
| Isisekelo se-paver | Cindezela isisekelo esihlanganisiwe ngaphambi kokubeka isihlabathi sokulala | Amabhulokhi angalingani noma ukwehluleka kwamalunga |
| Isisekelo seslabhu sikakhonkolo | Landela izidingo ezibekiwe zobuningi kanye nokuphakamisa | Ukuxazulula kanye nokuqhekeka kamuva |
| Umsele wokusetshenziswa | Qondanisa umshini nohlobo lomhlabathi kanye nobubanzi obutholakalayo | Izinto ezikhululekile eceleni kwamapayipi noma izindonga |
| Ukugcwalisa okucebile ngobumba | Cabanga nge-rammer noma i-roller efanelekile | Ukudlidliza komphezulu ngaphandle kokuthuthukiswa okujulile |
Emsebenzini omncane wokuhlobisa indawo, ukunyakaza okuncishisiwe kobuso, izinyathelo ezimbalwa ezijulile kanye nokuqeda okuqinile, okulinganayo kuyizinto eziwusizo zokubuka. Akuzona izivivinyo zokwamukelwa kobunjiniyela. Ubuso obubushelelezi bufakazela ukuthi ubuso bubushelelezi; abukhiphi isitifiketi sesendlalelo esingaphansi.
Ukuze wakheke ngendlela ethwala umthwalo, kala umphumela ngokuhambisana nesidingo sephrojekthi. Uma kusala izindawo ezithambile, amaphampu angaphezulu ngaphansi kwepuleti noma ubuningi abuthuthuki ngemva kokudlula okwengeziwe, hlola ukujiya kwesilifti, umswakama kanye nezinto ngaphambi kokusola umshini.
Akukho ukujula okujwayelekile kwepuleti ngalinye elincane. Njengesibonelo esisodwa somkhiqizi, ipuleti elingaphambili le-BOMAG elingamakhilogremu angu-125 libala ukuphakama kokugcwalisa okufika ku-300 mm ezintweni ezifanele ze-granular, kuyilapho umphumela wangempela usadinga ukuqinisekiswa kwendawo.
Ipuleti elisindayo lingasebenza enhlabathini ethile exubile, kodwa ubumba oluhlangene kakhulu luvame ukusabela kangcono emishinini yokushayisana noma yokuxova njenge-tamping rammer noma i-padfoot roller.
Kungase kube namandla amakhulu okujula, kodwa amandla e-centrifugal, imvamisa yokudlidliza, ubukhulu, indawo yepuleti, izinto kanye nomswakama nakho kumele kucatshangelwe.
Akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ama-pass engeziwe angenza indawo engenhla ibe lukhuni kuyilapho ingxenye engezansi ihlala ngaphansi kobukhulu obudingekayo. Ukunciphisa ukujiya kwesiphakamisi kuvame ukusebenza kangcono kunokuhlanganisa indawo efanayo ngokuphindaphindiwe.
I-lift kufanele ifane nobubanzi besicelo esivunyiwe se-plate compactor kanye nencazelo yesisekelo. Izisekelo ezijiyile kufanele zakhiwe ngezendlalelo ezihlukene ezihlanganisiwe kunokuba zibekwe zonke ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Iziphakamiso Zesixhumanisi Sangaphakathi:
Sebenzisa ububanzi be-plate compactor esigabeni sokukhetha imishini yokuvula.
Sebenzisa amandla okuqinisa ipuleti le-compactor eceleni kwencazelo yamandla e-centrifugal.
Sebenzisa ijeki yokugxuma vs i-plate compactor esigabeni sobumba kanye nenhlabathi ehlangene.
