Te Whakanuia Matauranga Hua
He kaiwhakarato taputapu hanga mō ngā mīhini hanga mō ngā tau 30.
Reo
He kaiwhakarato taputapu hanga mō ngā mīhini hanga mō ngā tau 30.
Kia pēhea te hohonu o te whakakīkī a te mīhini whakakīkī pereti? Kāore he hohonu whānui mō ia mīhini me ngā rauemi. Tērā pea ka whakakīkīhia e te pereti ā-ringa he paparanga onepu, kirikiri rānei, engari ka nui ake te kaha o te pereti taumaha ka taea te huri. Kei te whakarōpūtanga o te rauemi, te makuku, te matotoru o te hiki, te tere haere me te matotoru e hiahiatia ana mō te kaupapa te hua.
Ko te pātai whai hua ake ko: "Kia pēhea te matotoru o ia hiki?" Ka taea e te mīhini whakakī pereti te hanga i te mata o runga kia mārō, engari ka noho wātea te taha o raro. Ahakoa te āhua o te mata kua rite mō te tapahi rīpene, tera pea kei te whakarite tonu te rauemi i raro i tētahi kereme whakataunga ā muri ake nei.
Mō ngā taputapu ā-ringa, me hanga te turanga ki roto i ngā ara hiki inehia, kaua e whakatakotoria ki tōna hohonutanga katoa, ka whakakīkīhia mai i runga. He tohutoro whai hua ngā tatauranga a te kaihanga, engari me piri tonu ki te mīhini me te rauemi kua whakahuatia.
Hei tauira, ko te BOMAG BP 25/50 D E 125 kg te taumaha, e 500 mm te whānui mahi, ā, e whakaatu ana i te teitei whakakī tae atu ki te 300 mm i runga i te onepu, te kirikiri me ngā oneone whakauru e tika ana. He tauira tono motuhake tēnei, ehara i te taurangi ka taea e ngā mīhini whakakī pereti whakamua katoa te whakakī katoa i te hiki 300 mm.
| Tauira kua whakaputaina | Te āhua motuhake | Me pēhea te whakamārama |
|---|---|---|
| BOMAG BP 25/50 D | Taumaha whakahaere 125 kg | Ka tautuhi i te akomanga mīhini kei muri i te kereme hohonu |
| Whānui mahi | 500 mm | E whakaatu ana i te rahi o te pereti i whakamahia mō te tono kua whakaputaina |
| Teitei whakakī | Tae atu ki te 300 mm | E pā ana ki te onepu, te kirikiri me ngā oneone whakauru e tika ana |
| Te rangahau mara ASCE | Hiki whakamātautau 200 mm | He take mara kua manatokohia, ehara i te tautuhinga whānui |
Ko te hohonutanga katoa o te turanga ko te matotoru kua oti te mahi mō te kaupapa. Ko te matotorutanga o te hiki wetekina ko te hohonutanga o te horapa o ngā rauemi i mua i te whakakīkī. Ko te hohonutanga whai hua ko te wāhanga o taua paparanga e hua ai te mīhini i te pikinga o te kiato ka taea te ine.
Nō reira, me rua, neke atu rānei ngā ararewa motuhake mō te turanga ara 300 mm, i runga i te mīhini, te rauemi me ngā whakaritenga. Me whakataurite ia ararewa, me whakamātao, me whakakīkī i mua i te whakatakotoranga o te paparanga e whai ake nei. Kāore e taea te whakaora i te ararewa matotoru rawa mai i te tīmatanga mā te tāpiri atu i ētahi atu ara.
Ka taea e te hiki 200 mm—tata ki te waru inihi—te mahi i raro i ngā āhuatanga whakahaere. I roto i tētahi rangahau mara ASCE mō ngā awaawa whaipainga, ko te nuinga o te wā ka eke te pereti wiri hikoi-muri ki te 100% o te kiato Paerewa Proctor i runga i te hiki 200 mm. He taunakitanga mara whai hua tēnei, engari e pā ana ki ngā taputapu kua whakamatautauria, ki ngā rauemi whakakī me te tukanga hanga. Kāore e waiho te 200 mm hei tautuhinga aunoa mō ia mīhini whakakī pereti.
He mea nui tēnei rerekētanga nā te mea he rerekē ngā pātai e whakautua ana e te teitei whakakī kua whakaputaina e te kaihanga me te hiki kua whakamatautauria e te rangahau mara. Ko tētahi e whakaahua ana i te whānuitanga tono e hiahiatia ana; ko tētahi e ripoata ana i te hua inehia i raro i ngā tikanga kua tautuhia. Kāore tētahi e whakakapi i te whakaritenga kiato i roto i te whakatakotoranga kaupapa.
Ko ngā pereti wiri he mea pai mō ngā rauemi kirikiri pēnei i te onepu, te kirikiri, te puehu kōhatu me te kirikiri pakaru nā te mea ka āwhina te wiri i te whakarite anō i ngā matūriki kia kaha ake te hanganga. E tohu ana a United Rentals i ēnei rauemi hei whakamahinga noa mō te whakakī pereti. Ko te oneone he nui te uku, te paru rānei, ka pai ake te urupare ki te rammer, ki te roera rānei nā te mea kāore ngā matūriki piri e whakarite anō kia wātea i raro i te wiri o te mata.
Ka whakarerekē te makuku i te ngāwari o te neke me te piri o ngā matūriki. Ka ātete pea ngā rauemi maroke rawa ki te whakarerekētanga, engari ka pā mai pea te pupuhi, te ruirui, te paru rānei i te mata i te nui o te wai. Kāore he ōrau makuku whānui e tika ana mō ia kirikiri, mō ia oneone rānei. Me whai ngā kaimahi kirimana i ngā whakaritenga o te kaupapa, me whakatū rānei i te whānuitanga mahi mā te wāhanga whakamātautau.
Ko te kupu "whakakī pereti" e pā ana ki ngā mīhini he rerekē rawa ngā putanga. E whakarārangihia ana e United Rentals ngā pereti ahunga-kotahi me te 3,000–5,000 lbf o te kaha whakatere me ngā taumaha whakahaere o te 181–229 lb. Ko tōna akomanga taumaha ka taea te huri ka eke ki te 11,000–14,000 lbf me te taumaha 771–1,014 lb. Kaua e whakawhitia he tauine hohonu mai i tētahi akomanga ki tētahi atu me te kore e tirotiro i te rauemi, te horahanga pereti me te whāinga kiato.
| Akomanga taputapu | Te kaha pūngao | Taumaha whakahaere | Te tikanga o te kōwhiringa noa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pereti ahunga-kotahi | 3,000–5,000 pauna huka | 181–229 pauna | Ngā mahi kirikiri iti, te whariki me te whakatikatika |
| Pereti taumaha ka taea te huri | 11,000–14,000 pauna | 771–1,014 pauna | Ngā wāhi nui ake me ngā ararewa uaua ake |
He nui ake te pūmanawa hōhonu o tētahi mīhini taumaha ake, engari ehara i te taumaha anake te otinga. Ko te auau wiri, te kaha, ngā ine pereti me te tere haere e whakatau ana me pēhea te urunga o taua pūngao ki roto i te rauemi.
E homai ana e United Rentals he ture tuatahi mō te tata ki te kotahi inihi o te rauemi mō ia 1,000 lbf o te kaha whakakīkī. E hono ana te aratohu kotahi i te tata ki te 5,700 wiri ia meneti me ngā paparanga angiangi me te 3,000–4,000 vpm me ngā paparanga matotoru. Ka taea e ēnei tatauranga te āwhina i te whakatairite i ngā taputapu, engari he ture tirotiro noa iho ēnei, kaua ki ngā tātaitanga hohonu kua whakamanahia.
I raro i taua ture, ka whakaarohia pea he mīhini 5,000 lbf mō te rima inihi o te rauemi i te tīmatanga. Me whakarerekē tonu pea te hiki whakamutunga mō te makuku, te whakatauranga o te kohatu, te horahanga o te pereti me te mātotoru e hiahiatia ana. Kāore i te maha ngā wā ka pānuitia te pukapuka hoko e te oneone, nō reira he whai hua tonu te wāhanga whakamātautau.
Kāore he tatau pāhi pumau mō ia mahi. Ka whai hua ngā pāhi tāpiri i te wā e piki haere tonu ana te matotoru, te pakari rānei o te papa. Tērā pea ka noho wetekina te papa o raro ina tino matotoru rawa te papa ahakoa kua maha ngā takahurihanga whakamiharo o te papa.
Tīmata ki tētahi wāhanga whakamātautau mā te whakamahi i ngā rauemi kua whakaritea, te hiki wetewete me te mīhini. Whakamahia ngā aho haere taupatupatu, kia mau tonu te tere ōrite, ā, tuhia te maha o ngā haerenga. Mō ngā turanga hanganga, ngā rori, ngā pereti me ngā mahi ratonga, manatokohia te hua mā te whakamahi i te tikanga kiato-papa, te tikanga pakari rānei e hiahiatia ana e te whakatakotoranga.
| Tono | Huarahi mahi | Mōrearea matua |
|---|---|---|
| Ara kirikiri | Ngā hiki ine kiato me ngā haerenga taupatupatu | Te nohoanga i roto i ngā ara wira |
| Papa whakapūmau | Whakakīkīhia te turanga o te kirikiri i mua i te whakatakotoranga o te onepu whāriki | Ngā aukati kore taurite, te ngoikore rānei o ngā hononga |
| Papa pereti raima | Whāia ngā whakaritenga mō te matotoru me te hiki kua tohua | Te whakataunga me te pakaru i muri mai |
| Te awaawa ratonga | Tātaitia te mīhini ki te momo oneone me te whānui e wātea ana | He rauemi wetekina i te taha o ngā paipa, o ngā pakitara rānei |
| Whakakī-whenua momona-uku | Whakaarohia he rammer, he roera rānei e tika ana | Te wiri o te mata me te kore he whakapainga hohonu |
Mō ngā mahi whenua iti, he mea whai hua ngā kitenga mō te whakaiti i te nekehanga o te mata, te iti o ngā tapuwae hōhonu, me te whakaotinga pakari, ōrite. Ehara i te mea he whakamātautau whakaae hangarau. Ko te mata maeneene e whakaatu ana he maeneene te mata; kāore e tukuna he tiwhikete mō te paparanga i raro.
Mō te hanganga e pikau ana i te kawenga, inehia te hua ki te whakaritenga o te kaupapa. Mena kei te toe tonu ngā wāhi ngohengohe, ka pupuhi te mata i raro i te pereti, kāore rānei e pai ake te mātotoru i muri i ētahi atu haerenga, tirohia te matotoru o te hiki, te makuku me te rauemi i mua i te whakapae i te mīhini.
Kāore he hohonu paerewa mō ia pereti iti. Hei tauira mō tētahi kaihanga, ko te pereti whakamua BOMAG 125 kg e whakarārangi ana i te teitei whakakī tae atu ki te 300 mm i runga i ngā rauemi kirikiri e tika ana, engari me manatoko tonu te hua tuturu i te wāhi.
Ahakoa e pai ana te whakamahi i tētahi pereti taumaha ki ētahi oneone whakaranu, he pai ake te urupare a te uku piripono ki ngā taputapu pahū, ki ngā taputapu pokepoke rānei pērā i te rammer tāmi, te roera waewae papa rānei.
Ahakoa he nui ake tōna pūmanawa hōhonu, me whai whakaaro anō hoki ki te kaha topatopa, te auau wiri, te kaha, te horahanga pereti, te rauemi me te makuku.
Kāore i te katoa. Mā ngā pānga tāpiri ka whakapakeke pea te rohe o runga, engari kei raro tonu te wāhanga o raro i te mātotoru e hiahiatia ana. He pai ake te whakaiti i te matotoru o te hiki i te whakakīkī i te mata kotahi.
Me ōrite te ara hiki ki te whānuitanga tono kua whakaaetia e te mīhini whakakī pereti me ngā whakaritenga turanga. Me hanga ngā turanga matotoru ki ngā paparanga whakakī motuhake, kaua e whakatakotoria katoa i te wā kotahi.
Ngā Whakaaro mō ngā Hononga ā-Roto:
Whakamahia whānuitanga pereti whakakī i te wāhanga whakatuwheratanga o te kōwhiringa taputapu.
Whakamahia te kaha whakakīkī pereti i te taha o te whakamārama o te kaha poipoi.
Whakamahia te pekepeke me te whakakī pereti i roto i te wāhanga uku me te oneone-piripiri.
