Ishadi Lesilinganiso Sokuhlanganiswa Kokhonkolo: Usimende, Isihlabathi, Amatshe Ayigugu kanye Namanzi Ngohlobo Lwephrojekthi

Sesha ishadi lesilinganiso senhlanganisela yekhonkrithi futhi uzohlangana ngokushesha nezinombolo ezijwayelekile ezifana no-1:2:3 no-1:2:4. Ziwusizo, kodwa azilandi indaba yonke. Ingxube engu-1:2:3 isho ingxenye eyodwa yesamente, izingxenye ezimbili zesihlabathi kanye nezingxenye ezintathu zamatshe noma i-aggregate eqinile, ngokuvamile ilinganiswa ngobuningi bezingxenye ezincane zesayithi. Amanzi aphathwa ngendlela ehlukile. Ngokuvamile alawulwa yisisindo ngesilinganiso samanzi nesamente . Ikhonkrithi eqediwe nayo incike ekuswakameni okuhlanganisiwe, ukusebenza kahle, okuqukethwe komoya, ikhwalithi yokuxuba, ukuhlanganiswa kanye nokuqina. Ngakho-ke amaqembu amabili angasebenzisa isilinganiso esifanayo esingu-1:2:3 futhi akhiqize ukhonkrithi ohlukile kakhulu.

Ishadi Lesilinganiso Sokuhlanganiswa Kwekhonkrithi Lomsebenzi Ojwayelekile Wendawo

Kumaqoqo amancane, izilinganiso ezijwayelekile zinikeza abasebenzi indlela elula yokugcina usimende, isihlabathi kanye nogwadule kuhambisana kahle. Ithebula elingezansi liphathwa kangcono njengereferensi yensimu kunencazelo yesakhiwo. Uma ukhonkolo usuthwele imithwalo emikhulu noma usebenza ezimweni zokuvezwa ezidinga umzamo omkhulu, ukusebenza okudingekayo kubaluleke kakhulu kunokuthola umugqa olula eshadini lezilinganiso.

Lo mehluko ubalulekile lapho abantu befuna isilinganiso sokuxuba ukhonkolo se-slab, i-driveway noma isisekelo . Indlela yengadi, i-driveway yemoto kanye nesisekelo esiqinisiwe konke kungase kube nezithako ezine eziyisisekelo ezifanayo, kodwa zenza imisebenzi ehlukene kakhulu. Akukho sizathu sobunjiniyela esizwakalayo sokucabanga ukuthi isilinganiso esisodwa sebhakede esilula kufanele sihlanganise konke okuthathu.

Kusho ukuthini ngempela i-Concrete Mix engu-1:2:3?

Indlela elula yokuqonda isilinganiso senhlanganisela yekhonkrithi esingu-1:2:3 ukusebenzisa isitsha esisodwa sokulinganisa kulo lonke ibhetshi. Ngebhakede elingamalitha ayi-10, izilinganiso ezijwayelekile ziba amalitha ayi-10 esimende, amalitha angama-20 esihlabathi kanye namalitha angama-30 etshe. Usayizi webhakede ungashintsha; ubudlelwano phakathi kobuningi akufanele bushintshe.

Ukuvumelana kubaluleke kakhulu kunalokho okubonakala ekuqaleni. Uma ibhakede lokuqala lilingana futhi elilandelayo ligcwele, abasebenzi bangase babize ibhetshi ngo-1:2:3, kodwa ukhonkolo uneminye imibono. Inkinga efanayo iyenzeka lapho isihlabathi esimanzi silinganiswa ngobuningi ngaphandle kokucabangela amanzi esiwaletha ku-mixer.

Ingxube engu-1:2:4 iqukethe usimende omncane uma kuqhathaniswa nengqikithi yenani eliphelele kune-1:2:3. Lokho kuqhathanisa kuyasiza, kodwa akusho ukuthi noma yiliphi isilinganiso liqinisekisa amandla athile okucindezela. Amandla nawo athintwa okuqukethwe amanzi, izakhiwo zenhlanganisela, ukuxuba, ukuhlanganiswa, okuqukethwe umoya kanye nokuqina.

Mangaki Amanzi Okufanele Afakwe Engxubeni Yekhonkrithi?

Amanzi yilapho amashadi amaningi esilinganiso setshe lesanti lesihlabathi anengqondo alula khona kakhulu. I-American Concrete Institute ichaza isilinganiso sezinto zokwakha amanzi nosimende, noma i-w/cm, ngesisindo. I-w/cm engu-0.50 isho u-0.50 kg wamanzi okuxuba ku-1 kg ngayinye yezinto zokwakha usimende. Ngama-50 kg wezinto zokwakha usimende, lokho kusebenza ku-25 kg wamanzi okuxuba ngaphambi kokuba kucatshangelwe ukulungiswa komswakama okuhlanganisiwe.

Amanzi athululelwa ku-mixer akuwona wonke amanzi angena ebhetshini. Isihlabathi kanye ne-aggregate eqinile kungathwala umswakama wamahhala, futhi lawo manzi kudingeka acatshangelwe uma eshintsha kakhulu i-w/cm yangempela. Ngakho-ke, indawo esebenze ne-aggregate eyomile izolo ingase ikhiqize ibhetshi emanzi ngemva kwemvula yasebusuku. Ikhonkrithi ayisebenzi kahle kulokhu: inaka amanzi asevele esesihlabathini ngisho noma opharetha engenzi kanjalo.

Izimo zokuvezwa zingaqinisa imingcele kakhulu. Isiqondiso se-FHWA sekhonkrithi yendlela evezwe emswakama, eqandeni nasekuncibilikeni, kanye namakhemikhali okususa i-icing kunikeza u-w/cm ongu- 0.45 . Kundlela eqinisiwe yendlela evezwe ngaphansi kokuvezwa okufanayo, isiqondiso sinikeza u-0.40 ngaphandle kokuthi kunikezwe isivikelo esengeziwe sekhonkrithi esichaziwe. Lezi yizidingo zokuqina kwendlela esikhundleni sezinombolo ezijwayelekile zomsebenzi ngamunye wekhonkrithi, kodwa zibonisa ukuthi kungani ukwengeza amanzi kuze kube yilapho inqwaba "ibukeka kahle" akuyona indlela ethembekile yokuklama inhlanganisela.

Incazelo Yangempela Yekhonkrithi Ilawula Ngaphezu Kwe-1:2:3

Umehluko uba sobala uma isilinganiso esijwayelekile sibekwe eceleni kwencazelo yangempela yobunjiniyela. Kwenye incazelo yokulungiswa kwemigwaqo ejulile ye-FHWA, ukhonkolo ulawulwa ngezakhiwo eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa kunesilinganiso se-samente-sand-gravel kuphela.

Lezo zibalo zingokwencazelo yokulungiswa kwendlela, ngakho akufanele zikopishwe nje esisekelweni sendlu noma endleleni evamile yokungena. Lokho ezikubonisayo kuwusizo kakhulu: ukhonkolo owenziwe ngobunjiniyela ungalawulwa okuqukethwe usimende, isilinganiso samanzi, umoya, ukwehla kanye namandla ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ukubiza ukhonkolo ngokuthi “1:2:3” kukutshela izilinganiso zawo eziqinile; akukutsheli zonke lezo ezinye izinto.

Kungani Izingxube Ezimbili Ezingu-1:2:3 Zingakhiqiza Ukhonkolo Ohlukile?

Cabanga ngamaqoqo amabili anesamente elilinganisiwe, isihlabathi kanye nogwadule olufanayo. Ithimba lokuqala lilawula amanzi, livumela izinto ukuthi zixubane kahle futhi lihlanganise ukhonkolo ozungeze ukuqinisa. Elesibili ligcwalisa isigubhu kakhulu, lengeze amanzi engeziwe ngoba ukubeka kuhamba kancane futhi kunikeza i-vibrator ithuba lokudlulisa ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuqhubeka. Ephepheni, womabili amaqoqo aqale ngesilinganiso esifanayo. Emsebenzini oqediwe, umehluko ungase ube ngaphansi kakhulu kwezemfundo.

Ukuzixuba kuyindawo eyodwa lapho kungalahleka khona ukuqina. Ukulayisha ngokweqile isigubhu, ukwengeza amanzi ngokungalingani, isikhathi sokuxuba esinganele, ama-blend okuxuba agugile noma isivinini esiphansi sesigubhu konke kungashiya inqwaba ingalingani. Umhlahlandlela we-ACE ku ukuxazulula izinkinga zokuxuba ukhonkolo ubheka lezi zinkinga zokusebenza ngokuningiliziwe, okuhlanganisa nokuthi kungani ukuxubana okubi kungabangelwa njalo iresiphi yekhonkrithi uqobo.

Ukuhlanganiswa kubaluleke kakhulu ngemva kokuba ukhonkolo ushiye i-mixer. I-ACI iphawula ukuthi ukhonkolo ohlanganiswe ngokwanele ngokuvamile uqukethe umoya ongaphansi kuka-2% obanjwe , futhi amandla ekhonkolo anda cishe ngo -5% ku-1% ngayinye yomoya obanjwe osusiwe ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa. Ucwaningo olushicilelwe yi-ACI lwamakhonkolo anjengohlobo lwendlela oluthole ukuthi, ngaphansi kwezimo zalo zokuhlola, ukwehla okungu-5% ezingeni lokuhlanganiswa kuhlotshaniswa nokwehla okungu-30% kwamandla okucindezela kanye nokwehla okungu-50% kokucindezeleka kwesibopho sokuqinisa .

Lawo maphesenti akufanele aphathwe njengefomula evamile kuyo yonke ingxube yekhonkrithi. Abeka inombolo ewusizo entweni ethile abasebenzi abanolwazi abayazi kakade: izilinganiso ezinhle azikwazi ukusindisa indawo embi. Ukulawulwa kwamanzi, ukuxuba kanye nokudlidliza kufanele engxoxweni efanayo nesilinganiso sengxube.

Ingabe i-Concrete Mixer iyayishintsha i-Mix Rate?

Cha. Umshini wokuxuba ukhonkolo awuguquli u-1:2:4 ube yisilinganiso esiqinile noma amanzi amaningi alungiswa ngokuyisimangaliso. Inzuzo yawo ewusizo ukuthi uyakwazi ukuphinda. Uma umsebenzisi elinganisa izithako njalo, elandela ukulandelana kokulayisha okuphindaphindwayo futhi evumela ukuxuba okwanele, ukuxuba ngomshini kwenza kube lula ukulawula amaqoqo endawo alandelanayo.

Umthamo wedrama nawo ubalulekile. Ikhonkrithi idinga isikhala ngaphakathi kwedrama ukuze izinto zikwazi ukuhamba, ukuphakamisa nokuhlanganisa. Ukugcwalisa i-mixer phezulu kungase kubonakale kukhiqiza, kodwa ivolumu yedrama iyonke kanye nomthamo wokuxuba osebenzayo akuyona into efanayo. Umhlahlandlela wokuxazulula izinkinga ze-mixer we-ACE uphawula nokuthi ukulayisha ngokweqile kungabangela ukuxubana okuhamba kancane, umthwalo omkhulu wenjini, ukuguguleka kwebhande kanye nokhonkrithi ongaguquki.

Kwabakhi benkontileka, abathengisi kanye nezinkampani eziqashisayo eziqhathanisa imishini, umbuzo owusizo ngakho-ke awusiwo nje “Ingakanani idrama?” Umthamo wokuxuba osebenzayo, uhlelo lokushayela, indlela yokulayisha, ukufinyelela kokuhlanza kanye nokusekelwa kwezingxenye ezisele konke kuthinta indlela umshini ofanelana kahle ngayo nomsebenzi wansuku zonke wesayithi. I-ACE ihlanganisa abaxubi bekhonkrithi kanye nezinye izinto. imishini yokhonkolo kanye nokucindezela esetshenziselwa ukuxuba, ukubeka kanye nokuqeda umsebenzi.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Ngesilinganiso Sokuhlanganiswa Kokhonkolo

Iyini isilinganiso esijwayelekile sokuxuba ukhonkolo?

Akukho silinganiso esisodwa senhlanganisela yekhonkrithi kuyo yonke iphrojekthi. Izilinganiso ezifana no-1:2:3 no-1:2:4 ziyizinkomba eziwusizo zensimu lapho kuvunyelwe khona, kuyilapho i-concrete yesakhiwo kufanele ilandele amandla ayo adingekayo, izimo zokuchayeka kanye nomklamo wengxube ovunyiwe.

Mangaki amanzi adingekayo ukuze kuhlanganiswe ukhonkolo ongu-1:2:3?

Isilinganiso esingu-1:2:3 asisho inani lamanzi. Amanzi kufanele alawulwe ngokwehlukana ngesilinganiso sezinto ezidingekayo zamanzi-usimende noma usawoti wamanzi-usimende, kanye nomswakama ofanele osuvele uthwalwe yizinto ezihlanganisiwe ezifakiwe ekubalweni.

Ingabe ingxube yekhonkrithi engu-1:2:3 inamandla kune-1:2:4?

Ingxube engu-1:2:3 iqukethe usimende omningi uma kuqhathaniswa nengqikithi yenani eliphelele kune-1:2:4, kodwa lokho kukodwa akuqinisekisi amandla aphezulu okugcina. Ukuqukethwe kwamanzi, izakhiwo zenhlanganisela, ukuxuba, ukuhlanganiswa kanye nokuqina nakho kuthinta umphumela.

Yisiphi isilinganiso sokuxuba ukhonkolo okufanele ngisisebenzise endaweni yokungena?

Qala ngezimfuneko zamandla nokuqina ezicacisiwe kunokukhetha isilinganiso esivela egameni lephrojekthi kuphela. Ukulayisha imoto, ukuchayeka ekuqandeni nasekuncibilikiseni, usawoti wokususa i-icing, ukuqinisa kanye nezidingo zendawo konke kungathonya incazelo yekhonkrithi.

Ngingasebenzisa isilinganiso esifanayo sokuxuba ukhonkolo ku-slab nesisekelo?

Hhayi ngokuzenzakalelayo. I-slab encane engakhiqizi kanye nesisekelo esiqinisiwe kungaba nezidingo zamandla, ukuqina kanye nokulayisha ezihluke kakhulu. Umsebenzi wesakhiwo kufanele ulandele imininingwane yephrojekthi kanye nomklamo ohlanganisiwe ovunyiwe.

Kungani ukhonkolo onesilinganiso esifanayo sokuxuba ngezinye izikhathi unamandla ahlukene?

Izinguquko kokuqukethwe kwamanzi, umswakama ohlanganisiwe, ikhwalithi yokuxuba, umoya ovalelekile, ukuhlanganiswa kanye nokuqina kungashintsha ukusebenza kwekhonkrithi ngisho nalapho isilinganiso sekhonkrithi-isihlabathi-itshe elingaguquki singashintshi.

Amathegi: ishadi lesilinganiso sokuhlanganiswa kwekhonkrithi, isilinganiso sokuhlanganiswa kwekhonkrithi, isilinganiso samatshe esihlabathi sesihlabathi, isilinganiso sikasimende samanzi, isilinganiso sokuhlanganiswa kwekhonkrithi, isilinganiso sokuhlanganiswa kwekhonkrithi esingu-1 2 3, isilinganiso sokuhlanganiswa kwekhonkrithi esingu-1 2 4, isilinganiso sokuhlanganiswa kwekhonkrithi seslabhu, isilinganiso sokuhlanganiswa kwekhonkrithi sendlela yokungena, umxube wekhonkrithi