Tūtohi ōwehenga ranunga raima: Sima, onepu, kirikiri me te wai mā te momo kaupapa

Rapua he tūtohi ōwehenga ranunga raima , ā, ka tere tonu te tūtaki ki ngā tau e mōhiotia ana pērā i te 1:2:3 me te 1:2:4. He whai hua ēnei, engari kāore e whakamārama i te katoa o te kōrero. Ko te ranunga 1:2:3 he wāhanga kotahi o te sima, e rua ngā wāhanga o te onepu, e toru ngā wāhanga o te kirikiri, o te kirikiri rānei, he mea inehia mā te rōrahi mō ngā puranga iti o te papa. He rerekē te whakahaere i te wai. Ko te tikanga ka whakahaeretia mā te taumaha mā te ōwehenga wai-sima . Ka whakawhirinaki hoki te raima kua oti ki te makuku o te kirikiri, te kaha mahi, te nui o te hau, te kounga o te whakaranu, te whakapūmau me te whakamaroke. Nō reira, ka taea e ngā kapa e rua te whakamahi i ngā ōwehenga 1:2:3 rite tonu, ā, ka puta tonu he raima rerekē.

Tūtohi Tauwehenga Ranunga Konukuraiti mō te Mahi Papa Noa

Mō ngā puranga iti, mā ngā ōwehenga ingoa ka taea e te kapa te pupuri i te sima, te onepu me te kirikiri kia ōrite. He pai ake te whakamahi i te ripanga i raro nei hei tohutoro mara, kaua hei whakatakotoranga hanganga. Ina he nui ngā kawenga e mau ana i te raima, ina mahi rānei i roto i ngā āhuatanga whakamātao uaua, he mea nui ake te mahi e hiahiatia ana i te kimi i tētahi rarangi watea i roto i te tūtohi ōwehenga.

He mea nui tēnei rerekētanga ina rapu te tangata i te ōwehenga ranunga raima mō te pereti, te ara waka, te turanga rānei . Ahakoa he rite tonu ngā kai matua e whā o te ara māra, te ara waka me te turanga whakapakari, he rerekē rawa ā rātou mahi. Kāore he take hangarau oro hei whakaaro me kapi katoa ngā mea e toru i te ōwehenga peere kotahi.

He aha te tikanga o te ranunga raima 1:2:3?

Ko te huarahi māmā ki te mārama ki te ōwehenga ranunga raima 1:2:3 ko te whakamahi i tētahi ipu ine puta noa i te puranga. Mō tētahi peere 10-rita, ka huri ngā ōwehenga ingoa ki te 10 rita o te sima, 20 rita o te onepu me te 30 rita o te kirikiri. Ka taea te huri te rahi o te peere; kaua te whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā rahinga e rerekē.

He mea nui ake te ōritetanga i te āhua o te tīmatanga. Mēnā he ōrite te peere tuatahi, ā, he puranga te peere e whai ake nei, ka taea tonu e te kapa te karanga i te puranga 1:2:3, engari he whakaaro kē atu anō tā te raima. Ka puta anō te raruraru ina inehia te onepu mākū mā te rahinga, me te kore e whakaarohia te wai e kawea mai ana ki roto i te mīhini whakaranu.

He iti ake te sima kei roto i te ranunga 1:2:4 i te 1:2:3, e ai ki te whakataurite. He pai tēnei whakataurite, engari kāore e kī ana ko tētahi o ngā ōwehenga e rua ka whakamana i tētahi kaha pēhi motuhake. Ka pāngia hoki te kaha e te nui o te wai, ngā āhuatanga o te ranunga, te whakaranu, te whakapūmau, te nui o te hau me te whakamaroke.

Kia pehea te nui o te wai e tika ana kia ringihia ki roto i te ranunga raima?

Ko te wai te wāhi e māmā rawa ai ngā tūtohi ōwehenga sima onepu kirikiri maha. E tautuhia ana e te American Concrete Institute te ōwehenga wai-rawa sima, arā, w/cm, mā te taumaha. Ko te w/cm o te 0.50 he 0.50 kg o te wai whakaranu mō ia 1 kg o te rawa sima. Mō te 50 kg o te rawa sima, ka rite ki te 25 kg o te wai whakaranu i mua i te whakaarohia o ngā whakatikatika makuku e tika ana.

Ehara i te mea ko te wai e ringihia ana ki roto i te mīhini whakaranu te wai katoa e uru ana ki te puranga. Ka taea e te onepu me te kirikiri matotoru te kawe i te makuku kore utu, ā, me whai whakaaro ki taua wai ina tino whakarerekē i te w/cm tuturu. Nō reira, ko te tautuhinga i mahi ki te kirikiri maroke inanahi ka puta he puranga makuku ake i muri i te ua i te pō. He tino uaua te raima i tēnei āhuatanga: ka aro ki te wai kei roto i te onepu ahakoa kāore te kaiwhakahaere e aro.

Ka taea e ngā āhuatanga o te pānga te whakawhāiti ake i ngā rohe. Ko te aratohu FHWA mō te raima papa e pāngia ana e te makuku, te tio me te rewa, me ngā matū tango-hukapapa ka homai he w/cm mōrahi o te 0.45 . Mō te papa whakapakari i raro i te pānga kotahi, ka homai e te aratohu he 0.40 mēnā kāore i whakaratohia te tiakitanga raima tāpiri kua tohua. Koinei ngā whakaritenga roa o te papa, ehara i te tau whānui mō ia mahi raima, engari e whakaatu ana he aha te tāpiri wai kia "āhua tika" te puranga ehara i te tikanga hoahoa ranunga pono.

He Mana Whakahaere o te Whakatakotoranga Rakau Tuturu Neke atu i te 1:2:3

Ka mārama ake te rerekētanga ina whakatakotoria he ōwehenga ingoa ki te taha o tētahi whakatakotoranga hangarau tuturu. I roto i tētahi whakatakotoranga whakatika papa hohonu-katoa a te FHWA, ka whakahaerehia te raima mā roto i ētahi āhuatanga i te wā kotahi, kaua ki te ōwehenga sima-onepu-kirikiri anake.

Nō roto aua tatauranga i tētahi whakaritenga whakatika-ara, nō reira kaua e tāruatia noa ki tētahi turanga whare, ki tētahi ara waka noa rānei. He pai ake te mea e whakaaturia ana e rātou: ka taea te whakahaere i te raima hangarau mā te nui o te sima, te ōwehenga wai, te hau, te hinga me te kaha i te wā kotahi. Mā te kī ko te raima "1:2:3" ka mōhio koe ki ōna ōwehenga totoka; kāore e mōhio koe ki aua mea katoa.

He aha i taea ai e ngā ranunga e rua 1:2:3 te whakaputa i te raima rerekē?

Whakaarohia kia rua ngā puranga me te sima, te onepu me te kirikiri inehia kia rite tonu. Ko te kapa tuatahi e whakahaere ana i te wai, e tuku ana i ngā rauemi kia whakaranu tika, ā, e whakapūmau ana i te raima huri noa i te whakakaha. Ko te kapa tuarua ka whakakī i te pahu, ka tāpirihia he wai anō nā te mea he puhoi te whakatakoto, ā, ka tere te whiti o te wiri i mua i te neke atu. I runga i te pepa, i tīmata ngā puranga e rua me te ōwehenga ōrite. I roto i te mahi kua oti, tera pea he iti ake te rerekētanga mātauranga.

Ko te whakaranu tonu tētahi wāhi ka ngaro te ōritetanga. Mā te uta nui rawa o te pahu, te tāpiri wai kāore i te ōrite, te kore e ranea te wā whakaranu, te tawhito o ngā mata whakaranu, te tere iti rānei o te pahu ka kore e ōrite te puranga. Ko te aratohu a ACE ki te rapurongoā mō te mīhini whakaranu raima Ka tirohia ēnei raruraru whakahaere me te taipitopito atu, tae atu ki te take kāore i te puta tonu mai i te tunu raima te ranunga ngoikore.

He mea nui anō hoki te whakapūmau i muri i te wehenga atu o te raima i te mīhini whakaranu. E kī ana a ACI ko te raima kua whakapūmau rawaka te tikanga he iti iho i te 2% te hau kua mau , ā, ka piki ake te kaha o te raima mā te 5% mō ia 1% o te hau kua mau i tangohia i te wā o te whakapūmau. I kitea i roto i tētahi rangahau a ACI mō ngā raima momo-whāriki, i raro i ngā āhuatanga whakamātautau, ko te hekenga 5% o te taumata o te whakapūmau e pā ana ki te hekenga tata ki te 30% o te kaha pēhi me te hekenga tata ki te 50% o te ahotea here whakakaha .

Kaua aua ōrau e whakaarohia hei tātai whānui mō ngā ranunga raima katoa. Engari he tau whai hua kei roto i ēnei tātai, he mea e mōhiotia ana e ngā kaimahi mātau: kāore e taea e ngā ōwehenga pai te whakaora i te whakatakotoranga hē. Me whai wāhi te whakahaere wai, te whakaranu me te wiri ki te kōrero kotahi me te ōwehenga ranunga.

Ka hurihia te ōwehenga ranunga e te mīhini whakaranu raima?

Kāo. Kāore te mīhini whakaranu raima e huri i te ōwehenga 1:2:4 ki tētahi ōwehenga kaha ake, e whakatika makutu rānei i te wai nui. Ko tōna painga mahi ko te āheinga ki te whakahoki anō. Mena ka inehia e te kaiwhakahaere ngā kai i runga i te ōrite, ka whai i tētahi raupapa uta ka taea te whakahoki anō, ā, ka taea te whakaranu i te nui, ka māmā ake te whakahaere i ngā puranga papa e whai ake nei i te whakaranu ā-ringa.

He mea nui anō hoki te kaha o te pahu. Me whai wāhi te raima i roto i te pahu kia taea ai e ngā rauemi te neke, te hiki me te whakakotahi. Ahakoa te āhua hua o te whakakī i te mīhini whakaranu ki runga, kāore i te rite te rahinga katoa o te pahu me te kaha whakaranu mahi. E kī ana hoki te aratohu rapurongoā mīhini whakaranu a ACE ka taea e te taumaha rawa te whai wāhi ki te puhoi o te whakaranu, te nui ake o te kawenga motuka, te pakaru o te whitiki me te koretake o te raima.

Mō ngā kaimahi kirimana, ngā kaihokohoko me ngā kamupene reti e whakataurite ana i ngā taputapu, ehara i te mea ko te pātai whai hua ko "E hia te rahi o te pahu?" Ko te kaha whakaranu mahi, te pūnaha taraiwa, te tikanga uta, te urunga horoi me te tautoko wāhanga tāpiri ka pā ki te pai o te whakauru o te mīhini ki ngā mahi o ia rā. Ka kapi a ACE i ngā mīhini whakaranu raima me ētahi atu ngā taputapu raima me te whakakīkī e whakamahia ana mō te whakaranu, te whakatakotoranga me te whakaoti mahi.

Ngā Pātai Auau mō te Tauwehenga Ranunga Konukuraiti

He aha te ōwehenga paerewa o te ranunga raima?

Kāore he ōwehenga ranunga raima kotahi mō ia kaupapa. He pai ngā ōwehenga pēnei i te 1:2:3 me te 1:2:4 hei tohutoro mara ina whakaaetia, engari me whai te raima hanganga i tōna kaha e hiahiatia ana, ngā āhuatanga whakaaturanga me te hoahoa ranunga kua whakaaetia.

E hia te wai e hiahiatia ana mō te ranunga raima 1:2:3?

Kāore te ōwehenga 1:2:3 e tohu ana i te nui o te wai. Me whakahaere motuhake te wai mā te ōwehenga wai-sima, te ōwehenga rauemi wai-sima rānei e hiahiatia ana, me te whakauru i te makuku e tika ana ki te tataunga e mau ana i ngā rauemi.

He kaha ake te ranunga raima 1:2:3 i te 1:2:4?

He nui ake te sima i roto i te ranunga 1:2:3 i te ranunga katoa i te 1:2:4, engari kāore e taea e tēnā anake te kī he pai ake te kaha whakamutunga. Ka pā anō hoki te nui o te wai, ngā āhuatanga o te ranunga, te whakaranu, te whakapūmau me te whakamaroke ki te hua.

He aha te ōwehenga ranunga raima me whakamahi mō te ara waka?

Tīmata ki ngā whakaritenga kaha me te pakari kua tohua, kaua e whiriwhiri i te ōwehenga mai i te ingoa kaupapa anake. Ka pāngia te whakatakotoranga o te raima e te utaina o te waka, te whakaweto-te whakarewa, ngā tote tango-hukapapa, te whakapakari me ngā whakaritenga ā-rohe.

Ka taea e au te whakamahi i te ōwehenga ranunga raima ōrite mō te pereti me te turanga?

Kāore i te aunoa. Tērā pea he rerekē te kaha, te pakari me te kawenga o tētahi papa iti kāore i te hanganga me tētahi turanga kua whakapakaritia. Me whai ngā mahi hanganga i ngā whakaritenga o te kaupapa me te hoahoa ranunga kua whakaaetia.

He aha i rerekē ai te kaha o te raima he ōrite te ōwehenga ranunga i ētahi wā?

Ahakoa kāore anō kia rerekē te ōwehenga o te sima-onepu-kirikiri, ka taea e ngā panonitanga o te nui o te wai, te makuku o te ranunga, te kounga o te ranunga, te hau kua mau, te whakapūmautanga me te whakamaroketanga te whakarerekē i te mahi a te raima.

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