Tchati cha Chiŵerengero cha Konkriti Yosakaniza: Simenti, Mchenga, Miyala ndi Madzi Kutengera Mtundu wa Ntchito

Fufuzani tchati cha chiŵerengero cha konkire ndipo mudzakumana ndi manambala odziwika bwino monga 1:2:3 ndi 1:2:4. Ndi othandiza, koma safotokoza nkhani yonse. Kusakaniza kwa 1:2:3 kumatanthauza gawo limodzi la simenti, magawo awiri a mchenga ndi magawo atatu a miyala kapena chogwirira cholimba, nthawi zambiri kumayesedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa magulu ang'onoang'ono a malo. Madzi amasamalidwa mosiyana. Nthawi zambiri amalamulidwa ndi kulemera kudzera mu chiŵerengero cha madzi ndi simenti . Konkire yomalizidwa imadaliranso chinyezi chonse, kugwira ntchito bwino, kuchuluka kwa mpweya, ubwino wosakaniza, kuphatikiza ndi kuuma. Chifukwa chake, magulu awiri amatha kugwiritsa ntchito chiŵerengero chomwecho cha 1:2:3 ndikupangabe konkire yosiyana kwambiri.

Tchati cha Chiŵerengero cha Kusakaniza Konkire cha Ntchito Yofanana ya Malo

Pa magulu ang'onoang'ono, ma ratio odziwika bwino amapatsa ogwira ntchito njira yosavuta yosungira simenti, mchenga ndi miyala mofanana. Gome ili pansipa likuwoneka bwino ngati chizindikiro cha munda kusiyana ndi kapangidwe kake. Konkire ikanyamula katundu wambiri kapena ikugwira ntchito pamalo ovuta, magwiridwe antchito ofunikira ndi ofunikira kuposa kupeza mzere wosavuta mu tchati cha ma ratio.

Kusiyana kumeneku n'kofunika kwambiri anthu akamafufuza chiŵerengero cha konkriti chosakaniza cha slab, msewu wolowera kapena maziko . Njira ya m'munda, msewu wolowera magalimoto ndi malo okhazikika onse angakhale ndi zosakaniza zinayi zofanana, koma amagwira ntchito zosiyana kwambiri. Palibe chifukwa chomveka choganiza kuti chiŵerengero chimodzi cha zidebe chiyenera kuphimba zonse zitatu.

Kodi Kusakaniza Konkriti kwa 1:2:3 Kumatanthauza Chiyani Kwenikweni?

Njira yosavuta yomvetsetsa chiŵerengero cha konkire cha 1:2:3 ndikugwiritsa ntchito chidebe chimodzi choyezera mu gulu lonse. Ndi chidebe cha malita 10, kuchuluka kwa zinthu kumakhala malita 10 a simenti, malita 20 a mchenga ndi malita 30 a miyala. Kukula kwa chidebe kumatha kusintha; ubale pakati pa kuchuluka kwake suyenera kusinthasintha.

Kugwirizana n'kofunika kwambiri kuposa momwe kumaonekera poyamba. Ngati chidebe choyamba chili chofanana ndipo china chili chodzaza, ogwira ntchito angatchulebe gululo 1:2:3, koma konkireyo ili ndi malingaliro ena. Vuto lomwelo limachitika pamene mchenga wonyowa umayesedwa ndi kuchuluka popanda kuganizira madzi omwe amabweretsa mu chosakanizira.

Kusakaniza kwa 1:2:4 kumakhala ndi simenti yochepa poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zonse kuposa 1:2:3. Kuyerekeza kumeneko n'kothandiza, koma sizikutanthauza kuti chiŵerengero chilichonse chimatsimikizira mphamvu inayake yokakamiza. Mphamvu imakhudzidwanso ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi, mawonekedwe a zinthu zonse, kusakaniza, kuphatikiza, kuchuluka kwa mpweya ndi kukhazikika.

Kodi Madzi Angati Ayenera Kugwiritsidwa Ntchito Posakaniza Konkriti?

Madzi ndi komwe machati ambiri a mchenga wa simenti omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito bwino amakhala osavuta. Bungwe la American Concrete Institute limatanthauzira chiŵerengero cha zinthu zamadzi ndi simenti, kapena w/cm, ndi kulemera. W/cm ya 0.50 imatanthauza 0.50 kg ya madzi osakaniza pa 1 kg iliyonse ya zinthu za simenti. Ndi 50 kg ya zinthu za simenti, izi zimafikira 25 kg ya madzi osakaniza musanaganizire za kukonza chinyezi chofunikira.

Madzi othiridwa mu chosakanizira si madzi onse omwe amalowa mu gulu. Mchenga ndi gulu lopanda madzi zimatha kunyamula chinyezi, ndipo madziwo ayenera kuganiziridwa pamene akusintha kwambiri w/cm yeniyeni. Chifukwa chake, malo omwe adagwira ntchito ndi gulu louma dzulo angapangitse gulu lonyowa kwambiri mvula itagwa usiku wonse. Konkire ndi yovuta kwambiri pankhaniyi: imayang'ana madzi omwe ali kale mumchenga ngakhale wogwiritsa ntchito satero.

Mikhalidwe yowonekera imatha kulimbitsa malirewo kwambiri. Malangizo a FHWA a konkire yoyenda pansi yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi chinyezi, kuzizira ndi kusungunuka, komanso mankhwala ochotsa icing amapereka w/cm yokwanira ya 0.45 . Pa msewu wolimbikitsidwa pansi pa kuwonekera komweko, malangizowa amapereka 0.40 pokhapokha ngati chitetezo chowonjezera cha konkire chaperekedwa. Izi ndi zofunikira pakulimba kwa msewu osati manambala onse pa ntchito iliyonse ya konkire, koma zikuwonetsa chifukwa chake kuwonjezera madzi mpaka gulu "likuwoneka bwino" si njira yodalirika yopangira kapangidwe kosakanikirana.

Mafotokozedwe Abwino a Konkriti Amalamulira Zambiri Zoposa 1:2:3

Kusiyana kumeneku kumaonekera bwino kwambiri pamene chiŵerengero cha nominal chiyikidwa pambali pa chiŵerengero chenicheni cha uinjiniya. Mu chiŵerengero chimodzi cha FHWA chokwanira chokonzanso msewu, konkire imayendetsedwa kudzera m'malo angapo nthawi imodzi m'malo mwa chiŵerengero cha simenti-mchenga-miyala chokha.

Ziwerengerozi ndi za njira yokonzera msewu, choncho siziyenera kungokopedwa m'makhonde a nyumba kapena panjira wamba. Zimene zikusonyeza n'zothandiza kwambiri: konkire yopangidwa ndi makina ingathe kulamulidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa simenti, kuchuluka kwa madzi, mpweya, kutsika ndi mphamvu nthawi imodzi. Kutchula konkire kuti “1:2:3” kumakuuzani kuchuluka kwake kolimba; sikukuuzani zinthu zina zonsezo.

N’chifukwa chiyani mitundu iwiri ya 1:2:3 ingapange konkire yosiyana?

Taganizirani magulu awiri okhala ndi simenti, mchenga ndi miyala yofanana. Gulu loyamba limalamulira madzi, limalola zipangizo kusakaniza bwino ndikulimbitsa konkire mozungulira chomangiracho. Lachiwiri limadzaza ng'oma, limawonjezera madzi pang'ono chifukwa kuyika kwake kumakhala pang'onopang'ono ndipo kumapatsa vibrator mwayi wopita mwachangu musanapitirire. Papepala, magulu onse awiri anayamba ndi chiŵerengero chomwecho. Pa ntchito yomalizidwa, kusiyana kungakhale kochepa kwambiri.

Kusakaniza kokha ndi malo amodzi komwe kungathe kutayika kusinthasintha. Kudzaza ng'oma mopitirira muyeso, kuwonjezera madzi osakwanira, nthawi yosakwanira yosakaniza, masamba osakaniza osweka kapena liwiro lochepa la ng'oma zonse zimatha kusiya gulu lonselo kukhala lofanana. Chitsogozo cha ACE cha kuthetsa mavuto a chosakanizira konkriti ikuyang'ana mwatsatanetsatane mavuto ogwirira ntchito awa, kuphatikizapo chifukwa chake kusakaniza kosayenera sikumachitika nthawi zonse chifukwa cha njira yopangira konkriti yokha.

Kuphatikizana n'kofunika kwambiri pambuyo poti konkire yatuluka mu chosakanizira. ACI ikunena kuti konkire yolumikizidwa bwino nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mpweya wochepera 2% wotsekeredwa , ndipo mphamvu ya konkire imawonjezeka ndi pafupifupi 5% pa 1% iliyonse ya mpweya wotsekeredwa womwe wachotsedwa panthawi yophatikizana. Kafukufuku wofalitsidwa ndi ACI wa konkire wamtundu wa panjira adapeza kuti, malinga ndi momwe amayesera, kuchepa kwa 5% mu kuchuluka kwa kuphatikizana kunalumikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwa pafupifupi 30% kwa mphamvu yokakamiza komanso kuchepa kwa pafupifupi 50% kwa mphamvu yolimbitsa .

Maperesenti amenewo sayenera kuonedwa ngati njira yodziwika bwino ya simenti iliyonse yosakaniza. Amaika nambala yothandiza pa chinthu chomwe ogwira ntchito odziwa bwino ntchito amadziwa kale: kuchuluka kwabwino sikungapulumutse malo osayenera. Kulamulira madzi, kusakaniza ndi kugwedezeka ziyenera kukhala zofanana ndi chiŵerengero cha kusakaniza.

Kodi Chosakaniza Konkriti Chimasintha Chiŵerengero cha Zosakaniza?

Ayi. Chosakaniza simenti sichisintha 1:2:4 kukhala chiŵerengero champhamvu kapena kukonza madzi ochulukirapo modabwitsa. Ubwino wake ndi kubwerezabwereza. Ngati wogwiritsa ntchito ayesa zosakaniza nthawi zonse, kutsatira njira yobweretsera yobwerezabwereza ndikulola kusakaniza kokwanira, kusakaniza kwamakina kumapangitsa kuti magulu otsatizana azikhala osavuta kuwongolera.

Kuchuluka kwa ng'oma n'kofunikanso. Konkire imafuna malo mkati mwa ng'oma kuti zipangizo zisunthe, zinyamule ndikusakaniza. Kudzaza chosakaniza pamwamba kungawoneke kopindulitsa, koma kuchuluka kwa ng'oma yonse ndi mphamvu yosakaniza yogwira ntchito si chinthu chimodzi. Buku lothandizira kuthetsa mavuto a chosakaniza cha ACE limanenanso kuti kudzaza kwambiri kungathandize kuti kusakaniza kuchepe, injini ikhale yochuluka, kusweka kwa lamba komanso konkire kusinthasintha.

Kwa makontrakitala, ogulitsa ndi makampani obwereka poyerekeza zida, funso lothandiza silingokhala lakuti "Kodi ng'oma ndi yayikulu bwanji?" Mphamvu yosakaniza, makina oyendetsera, njira yokwezera, njira yoyeretsera ndi thandizo la zida zina zonse zimakhudza momwe makinawo amagwirizanirana bwino ndi ntchito ya tsiku ndi tsiku. ACE imaphimba osakaniza konkire pamodzi ndi ena. zida zomangira konkriti ndi zomangira amagwiritsidwa ntchito posakaniza, kuyika ndi kumaliza ntchito.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri Okhudza Konkire

Kodi chiŵerengero cha kusakaniza konkriti chokhazikika ndi chiyani?

Palibe chiŵerengero chimodzi cha kusakaniza konkriti pa ntchito iliyonse. Ziŵerengero monga 1:2:3 ndi 1:2:4 ndi zothandiza pofotokoza za malo omwe akuloledwa, pomwe konkriti yomangidwa iyenera kutsatira mphamvu yake yofunikira, momwe imaonekera komanso kapangidwe kake kosakanikirana kovomerezeka.

Kodi pamafunika madzi angati kuti pakhale konkire wa 1:2:3?

Chiŵerengero cha 1:2:3 sichikunena kuchuluka kwa madzi. Madzi ayenera kulamulidwa padera kudzera mu chiŵerengero chofunikira cha madzi-simenti kapena zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi madzi-simenti, ndi chinyezi choyenera chomwe chanyamulidwa kale ndi zinthu zomwe zaphatikizidwa mu kuwerengera.

Kodi chisakanizo cha konkire cha 1:2:3 chili ndi mphamvu kuposa 1:2:4?

Kusakaniza kwa 1:2:3 kumakhala ndi simenti yochuluka poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka konse kwa zinthu kuposa 1:2:4, koma zimenezo zokha sizikutsimikizira mphamvu yomaliza. Kuchuluka kwa madzi, makhalidwe a zinthu zonse, kusakaniza, kuphatikiza ndi kusakaniza kumakhudzanso zotsatira zake.

Kodi ndi chiŵerengero chotani cha konkriti chomwe ndiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito poyendetsa galimoto?

Yambani ndi zofunikira za mphamvu ndi kulimba zomwe zatchulidwa m'malo mosankha chiŵerengero kuchokera pa dzina la polojekiti yokha. Kunyamula katundu pagalimoto, kuzizira ndi kusungunuka, mchere wochotsa icing, zolimbitsa ndi zofunikira zakomweko zonse zitha kukhudza zomwe zafotokozedwa pa simenti.

Kodi ndingagwiritse ntchito chiŵerengero chofanana cha konkriti pa slab ndi maziko?

Osati zokha. Silabu yaying'ono yopanda kapangidwe kake ndi maziko olimba akhoza kukhala ndi mphamvu zosiyana, kulimba komanso zofunikira pakunyamula katundu. Ntchito yomanga iyenera kutsatira zomwe zafotokozedwa mu polojekitiyi komanso kapangidwe kosakanikirana kovomerezeka.

N’chifukwa chiyani simenti yokhala ndi chiŵerengero chofanana cha kusakaniza nthawi zina imakhala ndi mphamvu zosiyana?

Kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa madzi, chinyezi chonse, ubwino wosakaniza, mpweya wotsekeka, kuphatikiza ndi kusakaniza kungasinthe magwiridwe antchito a konkriti ngakhale pamene chiŵerengero cha simenti-mchenga-miyala sichinasinthe.

Ma tag: tchati cha chiŵerengero cha konkire, chiŵerengero cha konkire, mchenga wa mchenga wa simenti, chiŵerengero cha simenti ya madzi, kuchuluka kwa konkire, chiŵerengero cha konkire, chiŵerengero cha konkire 1 2 3, chiŵerengero cha konkire 1 2 4, chiŵerengero cha konkire cha slab, chiŵerengero cha konkire cha msewu, chosakanizira konkire