Itshati yoMlinganiselo woMxube weConcrete: Isamente, iSand, iGravel kunye namanzi ngokohlobo lweProjekthi

Khangela itshathi yomlinganiselo womxube wekhonkrithi kwaye uya kukhawuleza udibane namanani aqhelekileyo afana ne-1:2:3 kunye ne-1:2:4. Ziluncedo, kodwa azixeli yonke into. Umxube we-1:2:3 uthetha inxalenye enye yesamente, iindawo ezimbini zesanti kunye neendawo ezintathu zegrabile okanye i-aggregate erhabaxa, edla ngokulinganiswa ngomthamo weendawo ezincinci. Amanzi aphathwa ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Ngokwesiqhelo alawulwa bubunzima ngokusebenzisa umlinganiselo wamanzi nesamente . Ikhonkrithi egqityiweyo ikwaxhomekeke kumswakama odibeneyo, ukusebenza kakuhle, umxholo womoya, umgangatho wokuxuba, ukuhlanganiswa kunye nokulungiswa. Amaqela amabini ke ngoko anokusebenzisa umlinganiselo ofanayo we-1:2:3 kwaye avelise ikhonkrithi eyahlukileyo kakhulu.

Itshati yoMlinganiselo woMxube weConcrete kwiSiza esiQhelekileyo

Kwiqela elincinci, imilinganiselo eqhelekileyo inika abasebenzi indlela elula yokugcina isamente, isanti kunye negrabile zihambelana ngokufanelekileyo. Le theyibhile ingezantsi iphathwa ngcono njengesalathiso sentsimi kunenkcazo yesakhiwo. Nje ukuba ikhonkrithi ithwale imithwalo emininzi okanye isebenze kwiimeko zokuvezwa ezifuna amandla, ukusebenza okufunekayo kubaluleke ngaphezu kokufumana umqolo olula kwitshati yemilinganiselo.

Lo mahluko ubalulekile xa abantu bekhangela umlinganiselo womxube wekhonkrithi weslab, indlela yokungena okanye isiseko . Indlela yegadi, indlela yokungena yesithuthi kunye nesiseko esiqinisiweyo zonke zinokuba nezithako ezine ezifanayo, kodwa zenza imisebenzi eyahlukileyo kakhulu. Akukho sizathu sobunjineli esivakalayo sokucinga ukuba umlinganiselo omnye webhakethi ofanelekileyo ufanele ugubungele zonke ezintathu.

Ithetha ukuthini iConcrete Mix eyi-1:2:3?

Eyona ndlela ilula yokuqonda umlinganiselo womxube wekhonkrithi we-1:2:3 kukusebenzisa isitya esinye sokulinganisa kulo lonke iqela. Ngebhakethi yelitha ezili-10, umlinganiselo oqhelekileyo uba ziilitha ezili-10 zesamente, iilitha ezingama-20 zesanti kunye neelitha ezingama-30 zegrabile. Ubungakanani bebhakethi bungatshintsha; ubudlelwane phakathi kobungakanani abufanele butshintshe.

Ukungaguquguquki kubaluleke ngaphezu kokuba kubonakala ekuqaleni. Ukuba ibhakethi yokuqala ilingana kwaye elandelayo igcwele, abasebenzi basenokuthi babize ibhetshi nge-1:2:3, kodwa ikhonkrithi inezinye izimvo. Ingxaki efanayo iyenzeka xa isanti emanzi ilinganiswa ngomthamo ngaphandle kokuqwalasela amanzi ewazisa kumxubi.

Umxube we-1:2:4 unesamente encinci xa kuthelekiswa ne-aggregate iyonke kune-1:2:3. Loo thelekiso iluncedo, kodwa ayithethi ukuba naliphi na ireyithingi liqinisekisa amandla athile okuxinzelela. Amandla achaphazeleka nangumxholo wamanzi, iipropati ze-aggregate, ukuxuba, ukuhlanganiswa, umxholo womoya kunye nokuphilisa.

Mangakanani Amanzi Afanele Asetyenziswe Kwi-Concrete Mix?

Amanzi kulapho iitshati ezininzi zomlinganiselo wesanti yesanti yesamente eziqondakalayo ziba lula kakhulu. I-American Concrete Institute ichaza umlinganiselo wezinto ezisetyenziswa ngamanzi nesamente, okanye i-w/cm, ngobunzima. I-w/cm ye-0.50 ithetha i-0.50 kg yamanzi okuxuba kwi-1 kg nganye yezinto ezisetyenziswa ngesamente. Nge-50 kg yezinto ezisetyenziswa ngesamente, oko kusebenza kwi-25 kg yamanzi okuxuba ngaphambi kokuba kuqwalaselwe ukulungiswa komswakama ofanelekileyo.

Amanzi agalelwa kwi-mixer ayingomanzi onke angena kwi-batch. Isanti kunye ne-aggregate erhabaxa zinokuthwala umswakama okhululekileyo, kwaye loo manzi kufuneka aqwalaselwe xa etshintsha kakhulu i-w/cm yokwenyani. Indawo ebesebenza ne-aggregate eyomileyo izolo inokubangela i-batch emanzi emva kwemvula yasebusuku. Ikhonkrithi ayilungelelanisi kakhulu kule nkalo: inika ingqalelo kumanzi asele ekwisanti nokuba umqhubi akenzi njalo.

Iimeko zokuvezwa zinokuqinisa imida ngakumbi. Isikhokelo se-FHWA sekhonkrithi yendlela evezwe kumswakama, ukukhenkceza kunye nokunyibilika, kunye neekhemikhali zokususa i-icing zinika ubuninzi be-w/cm ye- 0.45 . Kwindlela eqinisiweyo phantsi kokuvezwa okufanayo, isikhokelo sinika i-0.40 ngaphandle kokuba kukho ukhuseleko olongezelelweyo lwekhonkrithi oluchaziweyo. Ezi ziimfuno zokuqina kwendlela endaweni yamanani aqhelekileyo kumsebenzi ngamnye wekhonkrithi, kodwa zibonisa ukuba kutheni ukongeza amanzi de iqela "lijongeke lilungile" kungeyondlela yoyilo oluthembekileyo.

Inkcazo yeKhonkrithi yokwenyani ilawula ngaphezulu kwe-1:2:3

Umahluko uba sobala xa umlinganiselo oqhelekileyo ubekwe ecaleni komlinganiselo wobunjineli bokwenyani. Kwinkcazelo enye yokulungiswa kwendlela ye-FHWA epheleleyo, ikhonkrithi ilawulwa ziipropati ezininzi ngaxeshanye endaweni yomlinganiselo wesamente-isanti-gravel kuphela.

Ezo zibalo zezokulungiswa kwendlela, ngoko ke akufuneki zikopishwe nje kwisiseko sendlu okanye kwindlela eqhelekileyo yokungena. Oko zibonisayo kuluncedo ngakumbi: ikhonkrithi eyenziwe ngobunjineli inokulawulwa ngumthamo wesamente, umlinganiselo wamanzi, umoya, ukuhla kunye namandla ngaxeshanye. Ukubiza ikhonkrithi ngokuthi “1:2:3” kukuxelela ubungakanani bayo obuqinileyo; ayikuxeleli zonke ezo zinto.

Kutheni le nto imixube emibini ye-1:2:3 ivelisa ikhonkrithi eyahlukileyo?

Khawucinge ngeebhetshi ezimbini ezinesamente, isanti kunye negrabile ezilinganisiweyo ngokufanayo. Iqela lokuqala lilawula amanzi, livumela izixhobo ukuba zixubane kakuhle kwaye lidibanise ikhonkrithi ejikeleze ukuqinisa. Elesibini lizalisa idrama ngaphezulu, longeze amanzi amancinci kuba ukubeka kucotha kwaye kunika i-vibrator ithuba lokudlula ngokukhawuleza ngaphambi kokuba uqhubeke. Ephepheni, zombini iibhetshi ziqale ngomlinganiselo ofanayo. Kumsebenzi ogqityiweyo, umahluko unokuba mncinci kakhulu kwizifundo.

Ukuzixuba ngokwako yindawo enye apho ukuhambelana kunokulahleka khona. Ukulayisha kakhulu idrama, ukongezwa kwamanzi okungalinganiyo, ixesha elaneleyo lokuxuba, iiblade zokuxuba ezigugileyo okanye isantya esiphantsi sedrama konke oku kunokushiya ibhetshi ingalingani. Isikhokelo se-ACE ku ukusombulula iingxaki zomxube wekhonkrithi ujonga ezi ngxaki zokusebenza ngokweenkcukacha, kuquka nokuba kutheni ukuxubana okubi kungasoloko kubangelwa yindlela yokwenza i-concrete ngokwayo.

Ukudibanisa izinto kubaluleke kakhulu emva kokuba ikhonkrithi ishiye umxubi. I-ACI iphawula ukuba ikhonkrithi edityanisiweyo ngokwaneleyo idla ngokuba nomoya ongaphantsi kwe-2% ovalelweyo , kwaye amandla ekhonkrithi ayanda malunga ne -5% kwi-1% nganye yomoya ovalelweyo osusiweyo ngexesha lokudibanisa izinto. Uphononongo olupapashwe yi-ACI lweekhonkrithi zohlobo lwendlela lufumanise ukuba, phantsi kweemeko zovavanyo lwalo, ukuncipha kwe-5% kwinqanaba lokudibanisa izinto kunxulunyaniswe nokunciphisa malunga ne-30% kwamandla oxinzelelo kunye nokunciphisa malunga ne-50% koxinzelelo lwebhondi yokuqinisa .

Ezo pesenti akufuneki zithathwe njengefomula eqhelekileyo kuyo yonke ingxubevange yesamente. Zibeka inani eliluncedo kwinto eyaziyo amaqela anamava: umlinganiselo omhle awunakunceda ekubekweni kakuhle. Ulawulo lwamanzi, ukuxuba kunye nokungcangcazela zifaneleka kwingxoxo efanayo nomlinganiselo wokuxuba.

Ngaba iConcrete Mixer iyawutshintsha umlinganiselo womxube?

Hayi. Umxube wekhonkrithi awuguquli i-1:2:4 ibe ngumlinganiselo onamandla okanye amanzi agqithisileyo alungiswe ngomlingo. Inzuzo yawo esebenzayo kukuphindwa kwakhona. Ukuba umsebenzisi ulinganisa izithako rhoqo, alandele ulandelelwano lokulayisha oluphindaphindwayo kwaye avumele ukuxuba okwaneleyo, ukuxuba ngoomatshini kwenza kube lula ukulawula iibhetshi zesiza ezilandelelanayo.

Umthamo wedrama nawo ubalulekile. Ikhonkrithi ifuna indawo ngaphakathi kwidrama ukuze izinto zikwazi ukuhamba, ukuphakamisa nokudibanisa. Ukuzalisa i-mixer phezulu kunokubonakala kunemveliso, kodwa umthamo wedrama iyonke kunye nomthamo wokuxuba osebenzayo azifani. Isikhokelo sokusombulula iingxaki ze-mixer se-ACE sikwaphawula ukuba ukugqithisa kakhulu kunokubangela ukuxuba okucothayo, umthwalo ophezulu wenjini, ukuguguleka kwebhanti kunye nekhonkrithi engaguqukiyo.

Kwabakhi, abathengisi kunye neenkampani zokuqeshisa ezithelekisa izixhobo, umbuzo oluncedo ke ngoko awungowokuba “Ingakanani idrama?” Umthamo wokuxuba osebenzayo, inkqubo yokuqhuba, indlela yokulayisha, ukufikelela ekucoceni kunye nenkxaso yezixhobo ezisele zonke zichaphazela indlela umatshini ohambelana ngayo nomsebenzi wemihla ngemihla kwindawo. I-ACE igubungela abaxubi bekhonkrithi kunye nezinye izixhobo. izixhobo zekhonkrithi kunye nokuxinana isetyenziselwa ukuxuba, ukubeka kunye nokugqiba umsebenzi.

Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo malunga nomlinganiselo womxube wekhonkrithi

Ithini imilinganiselo yomxube wekhonkrithi eqhelekileyo?

Akukho mlinganiselo mnye womxube wekhonkrithi kwiprojekthi nganye. Imilinganiselo efana ne-1:2:3 kunye ne-1:2:4 zizinto eziluncedo ezibhekiselele kwintsimi ethile apho kuvumelekileyo, ngelixa ikhonkrithi yolwakhiwo kufuneka ilandele amandla ayo afunekayo, iimeko zokuvezwa kunye noyilo lomxube oluvunyiweyo.

Mangakanani amanzi afunekayo kumxube wekhonkrithi oyi-1:2:3?

Umlinganiselo we-1:2:3 awuchazi ubungakanani bamanzi. Amanzi kufuneka alawulwe ngokwahlukeneyo ngomlinganiselo wezinto ezifunekayo zamanzi-isamente okanye zesamente, kunye nomswakama ofanelekileyo osele uthwalwe zizinto ezihlanganisiweyo ekubalweni.

Ingaba umxube wekhonkrithi ongu-1:2:3 unamandla kune-1:2:4?

Umxube we-1:2:3 uqulethe isamente engaphezulu xa kuthelekiswa ne-aggregate iyonke kune-1:2:4, kodwa oko kukodwa akuqinisekisi amandla aphezulu okugqibela. Umthamo wamanzi, iimpawu ze-aggregate, ukuxuba, ukuhlanganiswa kunye nokunyibilikisa nazo zichaphazela isiphumo.

Nguwuphi umlinganiselo womxube wekhonkrithi endifanele ndiwusebenzise kwindawo yokungena?

Qala ngeemfuno zamandla nokuqina ezichaziweyo endaweni yokukhetha umlinganiselo kwigama leprojekthi kuphela. Ukulayisha imoto, ukuvezwa kokuqandisa, iityuwa zokususa i-icing, ukuqinisa kunye neemfuno zasekuhlaleni zonke zinokuchaphazela iinkcukacha zekhonkrithi.

Ndingasebenzisa umlinganiselo ofanayo womxube wekhonkrithi kwislab nakwisiseko?

Ayizenzekeli. Islabhu encinci engeyoyakhiwo kunye nesiseko esiqinisiweyo zinokuba namandla ahlukeneyo, ukuqina kunye neemfuno zomthwalo. Umsebenzi wolwakhiwo kufuneka ulandele inkcazo yeprojekthi kunye noyilo lomxube oluvunyiweyo.

Kutheni ikhonkrithi enomlinganiselo ofanayo womxube ngamanye amaxesha inamandla ahlukeneyo?

Utshintsho kumthamo wamanzi, ukufuma okuhlanganisiweyo, umgangatho wokuxuba, umoya ovalelekileyo, ukuhlanganiswa kunye nokucocwa kunokutshintsha ukusebenza kwekhonkrithi nokuba umlinganiselo wesamente-isanti-gravel oqhelekileyo awutshintshi.

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