Ukwandiswa kolwazi lomkhiqizo
Uyini Umshini Wokumaka Umgwaqo Futhi Usebenza Kanjani?
Umshini wokumaka umgwaqo uyimishini yokwakha ekhethekile esetshenziselwa ukufaka imigqa yethrafikhi, izindawo zokupaka, izindawo zokuwela abahamba ngezinyawo, imicibisholo kanye nezimpawu zokuphepha ku-asphalt noma kukhonkolo. Kuye ngokuthi izwe linjani, imishini efanayo ingabizwa nangokuthi umshini wokumaka umugqa , umshini wokumaka umgwaqo noma umshini wokupenda umugqa womgwaqo.
Uma uqala ukubona, umsebenzi ubonakala ulula: faka upende emshinini, landela umugqa bese uzama ukungadwebi into efana nenyoka ekhathele. Empeleni, ukumaka okuhle kuncike ezilawulini eziningana ezisebenza ndawonye. Umshini kumele uphathe ukugeleza kwezinto, ububanzi bomugqa, ukujiya kokumboza, isivinini sokuhamba, futhi uma kudingeka, ubuhlalu beglasi obukhanyayo. Ikhwalithi yopende ibalulekile, kodwa ayikwazi ukulinganisa umgwaqo omanzi, isivinini esingazinzile noma iphuzu lokufafaza elivinjiwe.
Usebenza Kanjani Umshini Wokumaka Umgwaqo?
Iningi lemishini yokumaka emgwaqweni ilandela inqubo efanayo eyisisekelo. Ithimba lilungisa umgwaqo bese libeka umzila, izimo zomshini bese liletha izinto zokumaka, bese ikhanda lesicelo libeka leyo nto ngobubanzi obulawulwayo. Ubuhlalu bengilazi bungase bubekwe phezu kokumaka okusha ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukubonakala kwasebusuku.
1. Indawo Yokuhamba Ngaphakathi Iyahlanzwa Futhi Indlela Iyahlelwa
Uthuli, umswakama, uwoyela, izinto eziqinisa ukuqina kanye nezimpawu ezindala ezikhululekile kunganciphisa ukunamathela. Yingakho ukulungiswa kwendawo kufanele kuhlolwe ngaphambi kokuba umqhubi aqale ukulungisa ingcindezi noma izinga lokushisa. Umshini awukwazi ukuxazulula inkinga yendlela ngokuba nomsindo omkhulu.
Izinga lokushisa liphinde lithinte ukubopha kwe-thermoplastic. Njengesithenjwa esisebenzayo sase-US, Isiqondiso se-TxDOT kudinga indawo ehlanzekile neyomile, enendlela engaphansi kuka-50°F, noma u-10°C, kanye nokushisa komoya okungenani ku-55°F, noma cishe ku-13°C. Lawa manani akufanele aphathwe njengezilungiselelo ezijwayelekile; ishidi lobuchwepheshe lomhlinzeki wezinto kanye nencazelo yephrojekthi yendawo kuhlala kuqala.
2. Izinto Zilethwa Emgwaqweni
Umshini wokudweba umgwaqo obandayo uvame ukusebenzisa ipompo engenamoya. Ipompo iphakamisa ingcindezi yopende bese iphoqa izinto ukuthi zidlule esicongweni esincane sokufafaza. Njengoba upende uphuma esicongweni, ukwehla kwengcindezi okungazelelwe kwakha iphethini yokufafaza ngaphandle kokusebenzisa umoya ocindezelweyo.
Ukucindezela kuyingxenye eyodwa kuphela yesistimu. Ukugeleza kwephampu, usayizi we-spray-tip, i-viscosity kapende kanye nenani lezibhamu ezisebenzayo kunquma ukuthi umshini ungawenza umsebenzi ongakanani ngempela. Isibonelo, I-Graco LineLazer V 3900 Isilinganiso sokucindezela okuphezulu kokusebenza okungu-3,300 psi, noma amabha angu-227, ngokugeleza okuphezulu kwamalitha angu-4.7 ngomzuzu kanye nokusekelwa kwezibhamu ezimbili zokufutha. Lezi yizibalo eziqondene nemodeli ethile, kodwa zibonisa ukuthi kungani ukuqhathanisa ukucindezela kukodwa kufana nokuqhathanisa amaloli ngokucindezela kwamathayi.
Umshini wokumaka umgwaqo we-thermoplastic usebenza ngendlela ehlukile. I-thermoplastic eqinile iyancibilikiswa ku-preheater ehlukile noma ohlelweni lokushisa oluhlanganisiwe. Izinto ezincibilikisiwe zibe sezidlulela ebhokisini le-screed, esicathulweni se-extrusion noma ekhanda le-spray. Izinga lokushisa kumele lihlale lizinzile ngokwanele ukuze ligcine ukugeleza ngaphandle kokulimaza i-binder.
A Imininingwane ye-Caltrans alkyd thermoplastic inikeza ububanzi bokusetshenziswa obungu-400–450°F, cishe u-204–232°C. Kodwa-ke, ukwakheka okuhlukile kwe-thermoplastic kungadinga izilungiselelo ezahlukene, ngakho-ke opharetha akufanele baphathe izinga lokushisa elilodwa njengokufanele isikhwama ngasinye sezinto.
3. Ububanzi Bomugqa, Ubukhulu kanye Nesivinini Kuyalinganisela
Ububanzi bomugqa bulawulwa yisihloko sokufafaza, indawo yesibhamu noma ukuvulwa kwebhokisi lokusika. Ubukhulu bokumboza buxhomeke ekutheni ingakanani impahla ebekwe ebangeni elithile. Uma umkhiqizo wezinto uhlala ufana ngenkathi umshini uhamba ngokushesha, ukumakwa kuba mncane. Uma umshini wehlisa ijubane, kufakwa izinto eziningi ngemitha.
Ngokuklama imigwaqo yase-US, Uhlelo lwe-11 lwe-MUTCD ichaza umugqa ojwayelekile we-longitudinal njengobubanzi obungu-4-6 amayintshi, cishe u-102-152 mm. Umugqa obanzi kumele okungenani ube kabili ububanzi bomugqa ojwayelekile. Idokhumenti efanayo isebenzisa iphethini ejwayelekile yemigqa ephukile yesigaba esimakwe ngamafidi ayi-10 silandelwe yigebe elingamamitha angama-30.
Lezi zilinganiso zichaza ukuthi kungani umshini udinga ukuqondisa okuzinzile nokulawulwa kwezibhamu okunembile. Umugqa ungase ube nobubanzi obufanele obujwayelekile kodwa ungaphumeleli ukuhlolwa uma yonke ingxenye iqala sekwephuzile, iphela kusenesikhathi noma izulazula emzileni.
4. Ubuhlalu Bengilazi Buthuthukisa Ukubonakala Kwasebusuku
Ubuhlalu beglasi obukhanyayo bubuyisela isibani sekhanda semoto kumshayeli. Umphumela uncike kwikhwalithi yobuhlalu, izinga lokusetshenziswa kanye nokujula kokushumeka. Ngokusho kwe- Ucwaningo lwe-FHWA , ubuhlalu beglasi ngokuvamile buqala ukubuyisa emuva lapho cishe u-50-60% wobubanzi babo bufakwe ezintweni zokumaka.
Uma amabhantshi ehlala phezulu kakhulu, ithrafikhi ingawasusa ngokushesha. Uma ecwila kakhulu, awekho amabhantshi anele ahlala eveziwe ukuze abonise ukukhanya. Ngakho-ke amabhantshi amaningi awabi ngcono ngokuzenzakalelayo; ngaphandle kwalokho abasebenzi bomgwaqo bangamane bathulule lonke isikhwama bese beya emakhaya kusenesikhathi.
Yiziphi Izinhlobo Eziyinhloko Zemishini Yokumaka Umgwaqo?
| Uhlobo lomshini | Indlela yokufaka isicelo | Ukusetshenziswa okuvamile | Amasheke okuthenga ayinhloko |
|---|---|---|---|
| Umshini wokupenda obandayo ongenamoya | Isibhamu sokufutha esinomfutho ophezulu | Izindawo zokupaka izimoto, izindawo zefektri, imigwaqo yendawo kanye nokugcinwa kwayo | Ukugeleza kwephampu, usayizi wesihloko, ubuningi besibhamu kanye nokuhambisana kopende |
| Umshini wokusika i-thermoplastic | Izinto ezincibilikisiwe zidlula ebhokisini le-screed | Imigqa yomgwaqo, imigqa yokuma kanye nezindawo zokuwela abahamba ngezinyawo | Umthamo wokushisa, ububanzi bomugqa, ukujiya kanye nohlelo lwama-bead |
| Umshini we-thermoplastic ofuthwayo | Izinto ezifudumele zipompelwa ekhanda lokufafaza | Imizila emide edinga ukusetshenziswa okusheshayo | Umklamo wephampu, ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa kanye nenqubo yokuhlanza |
| Umshini onezingxenye ezimbili | I-resin ne-hardener kuyalinganiswa futhi kuxutshwe | Izinhlelo zokumaka ezilungisiwe ngamakhemikhali nezisebenza kahle kakhulu | Isilinganiso sengxube, impilo yebhodwe, ukuhlanza kanye nokunemba kokulinganisa |
I-ACE inikeza ukucushwa okuningana ngaphakathi kwayo ububanzi bomshini wokumaka umgwaqo , okuhlanganisa upende obandayo, i-thermoplastic ecindezelwa ngesandla kanye nemishini ye-thermoplastic eziqhubayo. Imodeli efanele kufanele ikhethwe ezintweni zokumaka kanye nezimo zephrojekthi, hhayi nje ukuthi yimuphi umshini obukeka umangalisa kakhulu kukhathalogi.
Umshini Wokumaka Umgwaqo Ozisunduza Ngesandla Noma Oziqhuba Ngokwawo?
Umshini osunduzwa ngesandla kulula ukuwubeka eduze kwezindawo zokupaka, imicibisholo, imigqa emifushane kanye nezindawo ezivalekile. Kulula futhi ukuwuthutha phakathi kwezindawo ezincane. umshini wokumaka umgwaqo ozishayelayo we-thermoplastic ifaneleka kakhulu emigqeni emide eqhubekayo ngoba ingagcina ukuhamba okuzinzile futhi inciphise ukukhathala komqhubi.
Isinqumo kufanele sicabangele ubude bokumaka bansuku zonke, imvamisa yokujika, i-gradient, iphethini yomugqa kanye namalungiselelo okuhamba. Amandla enjini kuphela alandisa ingxenye nje yendaba. Umshini onamandla ochitha ingxenye yeshifti ulinde izinto, ngokobuchwepheshe, usajabulela ukuphumula okubizayo kakhulu.
Abathengi Kufanele Bayikhethe Kanjani Imishini Yokumaka Umgwaqo?
Qala ngezinto zokumaka ngoba zinquma iphampu, ithangi, uhlelo lokushisa kanye nekhanda lokufaka. Okulandelayo, qinisekisa ububanzi bomugqa, ukujiya okuqondiwe, iphethini yomugqa oqinile noma ophukile kanye nomkhiqizo wansuku zonke olindelekile. Kuphela ngemva kokuba la maphuzu esecacile lapho umthengi kufanele aqhathanise khona izinjini, amathangi kanye nezinhlelo zokuhamba.
| Isici sokukhetha | Umbuzo okufanele uwubuze |
|---|---|
| Ukuhlinzekwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo | Ingabe iphampu noma i-preheater ingahlinzeka ngezinto ngokushesha njengoba umshini uzisebenzisa? |
| Isivinini sokuhamba | Ingabe umshini ungagcina ubukhulu obubekiwe ngesivinini sawo sokusebenza esihleliwe? |
| Iphethini yomugqa | Ingabe umshini udinga ukulawulwa okuzenzakalelayo kwemigqa ephukile noma izibhamu eziningana zokufutha? |
| Ubuhlalu beglasi | Ingabe i-dispenser ingalinganiswa njengoba isivinini kanye nobubanzi bomugqa kushintsha? |
| Ukulungiswa | Ingabe ama-tip, izihlungi, izivalo, amapayipi kanye nezingxenye zesitofu ziyatholakala endaweni? |
A umshini wokumaka obandayo ongenamoya kungaba usizo ezindaweni zokupaka izimoto, ezimbonini kanye nasemisebenzini yokulungisa yendawo, ikakhulukazi lapho amaqembu eshintsha khona imibala noma ehamba phakathi kwemisebenzi emifushane. umshini wokumaka we-thermoplastic ocindezelwa ngesandla ingafanela imigqa yemigwaqo ebanzi, izindawo zokuwela kanye namaphrojekthi lapho izinto ezincibilikisiwe zinikezwa khona kusuka ku-preheater ehlukile.
Izinkinga Zomshini Wokumaka Omgwaqo Ovamile
Imigqa egobile ivame ukukhomba ukungalungi kahle kwesiqondiso, ukudlala kwesiteringi noma isivinini esingazinzile. Izingxenye ezincane zingase zivele ngesivinini esikhulu sokuhamba, ukugeleza kopende okulinganiselwe, iphampu egugile noma iphuzu lokufafaza elingafanele. Imiphetho egobile ingabangelwa ukuphakama kwesibhamu okungalungile, ukujiya kopende okubi noma ibhokisi le-screed elonakele.
Uma i-thermoplastic ingabophi kahle, umqhubi kufanele aqale ahlole ukuhlanzeka kwendawo, umswakama kanye nokushisa. Ukwandisa ukushisa ngaphandle kokuhlola indlela yokuhamba kungalimaza izinto ngenkathi kushiya inkinga yokuqala ingathinteki.
I-oda lokuxazulula izinkinga eliwusizo:
Hlola isimo sendlela.
Hlola izinga lokushisa noma ukujiya kwezinto.
Hlanza izihlungi, amathiphu okufafaza kanye nezindlela zokulethwa.
Qinisekisa ukusebenza kwengcindezi yephampu noma ukushisa.
Hlola isiteringi, ukuqondisa umhlahlandlela kanye nokuhamba kwamasondo.
Ukushintsha izilungiselelo eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa kwenza ukuthola amaphutha kube nzima kakhulu. Imishini ifana nonjiniyela kulokhu: zombili ziziphatha kangcono uma kushintsha i-variable eyodwa ngesikhathi.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Yomshini Wokumaka Umgwaqo
Ingabe umshini owodwa wokumaka umgwaqo ungasebenzisa upende ohlukile?
Kuphela uma iphampu, amapayipi, izivalo, ithangi kanye nekhanda lokufaka kuhambisana nezinto ngazinye. Upende obandayo, i-thermoplastic kanye nezinhlelo zezingxenye ezimbili azikwazi ukushintshaniswa ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Ingabe umshini wokumaka imigqa ungasebenzisa imicibisholo kanye nezindlela zokuwela i-zebra?
Yebo. Kuye ngobubanzi obudingekayo kanye nesimo, umshini ungasebenzisa ibhokisi elibanzi le-screed, izibhamu eziningana zokufutha, i-stencil noma isibhamu sesandla esihlukile.
Ingabe yonke imishini ye-thermoplastic idinga i-preheater?
Cha. Imishini eminingi emincane ithola i-thermoplastic encibilikisiwe evela ku-preheater ehlukile, kuyilapho amamodeli ahlanganisiwe ehlanganisa ukuncibilika nokusetshenziswa. Ukuhlelwa okufanele kuncike ekusetshenzisweni kwezinto ngehora kanye nokufakwa kwendawo.
Yini enquma umkhiqizo womshini wokumaka umgwaqo?
Ukukhiqiza kwangempela ubude bokumaka obamukelekayo obuqediwe ngehora lokusebenza ngemuva kokuvumela ukwakheka, ukufudumeza, ukugcwalisa kabusha, ukuhlanza kanye nokulungisa. Isivinini esikhulu sokuhamba siwusizo, kodwa akusiyona impendulo ephelele.
Ukuhlolwa Kokugcina Okusebenzayo
Ngaphambi kokucela ikhotheshini, nikeza umhlinzeki izinto zokumaka, ububanzi bomugqa obudingekayo, ubukhulu bokumboza, ibanga lokumaka lansuku zonke kanye nesilinganiso semigqa eqinile, ephukile nebanzi. Cela ukucushwa okuphelele okumboza iphampu noma uhlelo lokushisa, ikhanda lokufaka, isitsha sokukhipha ingilazi, izinto ezisetshenziswayo kanye nezingxenye ezisele ezinconywayo.
Umshini ofanele wokumaka umgwaqo kufanele ugcine i-geometry yomugqa edingekayo kanye nokukhishwa kwezinto ngaphansi kwezimo zangempela zendawo. Ishidi elide lokucacisa liyamukelekile, kodwa umugqa oqondile, obonakalayo futhi oboshwe kahle yiwona iklayenti elizowukhokhela ngempela.
