Yintoni iMishini yokuMakisha yeNdlela kwaye isebenza njani?
Umatshini wokuphawula indlela sisixhobo sokwakha esikhethekileyo esisetyenziselwa ukufaka imigca yezithuthi, iindawo zokupaka, iindawo zokuwela abahambi ngeenyawo, iintolo kunye neempawu zokhuseleko kwi-asphalt okanye kwikhonkrithi. Ngokuxhomekeke kwilizwe, isixhobo esifanayo sinokubizwa ngokuba ngumatshini wokuphawula imigca , umatshini wokuphawula indlela okanye umatshini wokupenda umgca wendlela.
Ekuqaleni, umsebenzi ubonakala ulula: faka ipeyinti kumatshini, ulandele umgca uze uzame ukungazobi into efana nenyoka ediniweyo. Ngokwenyani, uphawu oluhle luxhomekeke kulawulo oluninzi olusebenzisanayo. Umatshini kufuneka ulawule ukuhamba kwezinto, ububanzi bomgca, ubukhulu bengubo, isantya sokuhamba, kwaye xa kuyimfuneko, iintsimbi zeglasi ezikhanyayo. Umgangatho wepeyinti ubalulekile, kodwa awunakukwazi ukuhlawula indlela emanzi, isantya esingazinzanga okanye incam yokutshiza evaliweyo.
Usebenza Njani Umatshini Wokuphawula Indlela?
Uninzi lwezixhobo zokumakisha endleleni zilandela inkqubo efanayo esisiseko. Abasebenzi balungisa indlela baze bamisele indlela, iimeko zomatshini baze bahambise izinto zokumakisha, kwaye intloko yesicelo ibeka ezo zinto kububanzi obulawulwayo. Iiglasi zeglasi zinokuphoswa phezu kophawu olutsha ukuphucula ukubonakala ebusuku.
1. Indlela Ehamba Ngaphakathi Iyacocwa Kwaye Indlela Yamiselwa
Uthuli, ukufuma, ioyile, izinto ezicocayo kunye neempawu ezindala ezikhululekileyo zinokunciphisa ukunamathela. Kungoko ke ukulungiswa komphezulu kufuneka kuhlolwe ngaphambi kokuba umqhubi aqale ukulungisa uxinzelelo okanye ubushushu. Umatshini awunakuyisombulula ingxaki yendlela ngokuba phezulu kakhulu.
Ubushushu bukwachaphazela ukubophelelana kwe-thermoplastic. Njengereferensi esebenzayo yase-US, Isikhokelo se-TxDOT ifuna umphezulu ococekileyo nowomileyo, kunye nendlela yokuhamba ingaphantsi kwama-50°F, okanye i-10°C, kunye nobushushu bomoya obungaphantsi kwama-55°F, okanye malunga ne-13°C. La maxabiso akufuneki athathwe njengezicwangciso eziqhelekileyo; iphepha lobuchwephesha lomthengisi wezinto kunye neenkcukacha zeprojekthi zasekuhlaleni zihlala zithatha indawo yokuqala.
2. Izinto Ezisetyenzisiweyo Zisiwa Endleleni
Umatshini wokuphawula indlela opeyintayo ubandayo usebenzisa ipompo engenamoya. Ipompo inyusa uxinzelelo lwepeyinti ize inyanzele izinto ukuba zidlule kwincam encinci yokutshiza. Njengoko ipeyinti ishiya incam, ukwehla koxinzelelo ngequbuliso kwenza ipateni yokutshiza ngaphandle kokusebenzisa umoya ocinezelweyo.
Uxinzelelo yinxalenye enye yenkqubo. Ukuhamba kwepompo, ubungakanani bencam yokutshiza, uburhabaxa bepeyinti kunye nenani leemipu ezisebenzayo zigqiba ukuba umatshini unokuwenza umsebenzi ongakanani na. Umzekelo, IGraco LineLazer V 3900 inikwe umlinganiselo woxinzelelo olusebenzayo oluphezulu lwe-3,300 psi, okanye i-227 bar, kunye nokuhamba okuphezulu kwe-4.7 yeelitha ngomzuzu kunye nenkxaso yezibhamu ezimbini zokutshiza. La manani ahambelana nemodeli ethile, kodwa abonisa isizathu sokuba ukuthelekisa uxinzelelo lodwa kufana nokuthelekisa iilori ngoxinzelelo lwamatayara.
Umatshini wokuphawula indlela we-thermoplastic usebenza ngokwahlukileyo. I-thermoplastic eqinileyo inyibilikiswa kwi-preheater eyahlukileyo okanye kwinkqubo yokufudumeza edibeneyo. Izinto ezinyibilikisiweyo emva koko zidlulela kwibhokisi ye-screed, isihlangu se-extrusion okanye intloko ye-spray. Ubushushu kufuneka buhlale buzinzile ngokwaneleyo ukugcina ukuhamba ngaphandle kokonakalisa i-binder.
A Iinkcukacha zeCaltrans alkyd thermoplastic inika uluhlu lokusetyenziswa oluyi-400–450°F, malunga ne-204–232°C. Nangona kunjalo, iifomyula ezahlukeneyo ze-thermoplastic zinokufuna useto olwahlukileyo, ngoko ke abasebenzisi akufuneki baphathe ubushushu obunye njengobufanelekileyo kwingxowa nganye yezinto.
3. Ububanzi bomgca, ubukhulu kunye nesantya ziyalingana
Ububanzi bomgca bulawulwa yincam yokutshiza, indawo yesibhamu okanye ukuvuleka kwebhokisi yesikreyidi. Ubukhulu bengubo buxhomekeke ekubeni zingakanani izinto ezifakwe kumgama othile. Ukuba imveliso yezinto ihlala ifana ngelixa umatshini uhamba ngokukhawuleza, uphawu luya luncipha. Ukuba umatshini uyacotha, izinto ezininzi zifakwa kwimitha nganye.
Kwindlela yaseMelika, Uhlelo lwe-11 lwe-MUTCD ichaza umgca oqhelekileyo othe tyaba njengobubanzi obuzii-intshi ezi-4–6, malunga ne-102–152 mm. Umgca obanzi kufuneka ube bububanzi obuphindwe kabini kunomgca oqhelekileyo. Olu xwebhu lufanayo lusebenzisa ipateni eqhelekileyo yomgca oqhekekileyo wecandelo eliphawulwe ziinyawo ezili-10 elilandelwa ngumsantsa weenyawo ezingama-30.
Ezi milinganiselo zichaza isizathu sokuba umatshini udinga i-steering ezinzileyo kunye nolawulo oluchanekileyo lwezibhamu. Umgca unokuba nobubanzi obuqhelekileyo obuchanekileyo kodwa ungaphumeleli ekuhlolweni ukuba yonke indawo iqala kade, iphela kwangethuba okanye idlula kwindlela.
4. Iiglasi zeGlasi ziphucula ukubonakala ebusuku
Iibhile zeglasi ezikhanyayo zibuyisela isibane sentloko yesithuthi kumqhubi. Isiphumo sixhomekeke kumgangatho weebhile, isantya sokusetyenziswa kunye nobunzulu bokufakwa. Ngokwe- Uphando lwe-FHWA , iiglasi zihlala zibuyela umva xa malunga ne-50-60% yobubanzi bazo bufakwe kwizinto zokumakisha.
Ukuba iintsimbi ziphezulu kakhulu, izithuthi zingazisusa ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba zitshona nzulu kakhulu, akukho mphezulu waneleyo weentsimbi ohlala ubonakala ukuze ukhanyise. Iintsimbi ezininzi ke ngoko azilunganga ngokuzenzekelayo; kungenjalo abasebenzi basemgwaqweni banokukhupha yonke ingxowa baze bagoduke kwangethuba.
Ziziphi Iintlobo Eziphambili Zoomatshini Bokuphawula Indlela?
| Uhlobo lomatshini | Indlela yesicelo | Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo | Iitshekhi zokuthenga eziphambili |
|---|---|---|---|
| Umatshini ongenamoya wepeyinti ebandayo | Isibhamu sokutshiza esinoxinzelelo oluphezulu | Iindawo zokupaka iimoto, iindawo zeefektri, iindlela zasekuhlaleni kunye nokugcinwa kwazo | Ukuhamba kwepompo, ubungakanani bencam, ubungakanani besibhamu kunye nokuhambelana kwepeyinti |
| Umatshini wokusika i-thermoplastic | Izinto ezinyibilikisiweyo zidlula kwibhokisi yeskreyidi | Imigca yendlela, imigca yokuma kunye neendawo zokunqumla abahambi ngeenyawo | Umthamo wokufudumeza, ububanzi bomgca, ubukhulu kunye nenkqubo yeentsimbi |
| Umatshini we-thermoplastic otshizwayo | Izinto ezishushu zipompelwa ngentloko yokutshiza | Imigca yendlela emide efuna ukusetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza | Uyilo lwempompo, ulawulo lobushushu kunye nenkqubo yokucoca |
| Umatshini onamacandelo amabini | I-resin kunye ne-hardener ziyalinganiswa kwaye zixutywe | Iinkqubo zokuphawula ezinyangiweyo ngamakhemikhali nezisebenza kakuhle kakhulu | Umlinganiselo womxube, ubomi bembiza, ukuhlanjwa kwamanzi kunye nokuchaneka kokulinganisela |
I-ACE inikezela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokumisela ngaphakathi kwayo uluhlu loomatshini bokumakisha indlela , kuquka ipeyinti ebandayo, i-thermoplastic etyhalwa ngesandla kunye nezixhobo ze-thermoplastic eziziqhubayo. Imodeli echanekileyo kufuneka ikhethwe kwizinto zokumakisha kunye neemeko zeprojekthi, kungekhona nje ukuba nguwuphi umatshini obonakala umangalisa kakhulu kwikhathalogu.
Umatshini Wokuphawula Indlela Ozityhala Ngesandla Okanye Oziqhuba Ngokwawo?
Umatshini otyhalwa ngesandla kulula ukuwubeka ujikeleze iindawo zokupaka, iintolo, imigca emifutshane kunye neendawo ezixineneyo. Kulula nokuwuthutha phakathi kweendawo ezincinci. umatshini wokumakisha indlela oziqhuba ngokwawo we-thermoplastic ilungele ngakumbi imigca emide eqhubekekayo kuba inokugcina uhambo oluzinzileyo kwaye inciphise ukudinwa kwabaqhubi.
Isigqibo kufuneka siqwalasele ubude bophawu lwemihla ngemihla, ukujika rhoqo, i-gradient, ipateni yomgca kunye nolungiselelo lokuthuthwa. Amandla enjini ewodwa axela inxalenye yebali kuphela. Umatshini onamandla ochitha isiqingatha seshifti elinde izinto, ngobuchwephesha, usanandipha ukuphumla okubiza kakhulu.
Abathengi Bafanele Bazikhethe Njani Izixhobo Zokuphawula Indlela?
Qala ngezinto zokumakisha kuba zimisela ipompo, itanki, inkqubo yokufudumeza kunye nentloko yesicelo. Okulandelayo, qinisekisa ububanzi bomgca, ubukhulu bomgca, ipateni yomgca oqinileyo okanye ophukileyo kunye nemveliso elindelekileyo yemihla ngemihla. Kuphela emva kokuba la manqaku ecacile apho umthengi afanele athelekise iinjini, iitanki kunye neenkqubo zokuhamba.
| Into yokukhetha | Umbuzo omele uwubuze |
|---|---|
| Ubonelelo lwezinto | Ngaba ipompo okanye i-preheater ingabonelela ngezinto ngokukhawuleza njengoko umatshini uzisebenzisa? |
| Isantya sokuhamba | Ngaba umatshini ungagcina ubukhulu obuchaziweyo kwisantya sokusebenza esicwangcisiweyo? |
| Ipateni yomgca | Ingaba umatshini udinga ulawulo oluzenzekelayo oluqhekekileyo okanye izibhamu ezininzi zokutshiza? |
| Iiglasi zeglasi | Ngaba i-dispenser inokulinganiswa njengoko isantya kunye nobubanzi bomgca butshintsha? |
| Ulondolozo | Ngaba iincam, izihluzi, izitywini, iipayipi kunye nezixhobo zokutshisa ziyafumaneka apha ekhaya? |
A umatshini wokumakisha ongenamoya wepeyinti ebandayo inokuba luncedo kwiindawo zokupaka iimoto, kwiifektri nakwiiprojekthi zokulungisa zasekuhlaleni, ingakumbi apho amaqela etshintsha imibala okanye etshintsha phakathi kwemisebenzi emifutshane. umatshini wokumakisha we-thermoplastic otyhalwa ngesandla ingafanela imigca yendlela etyebileyo, iindawo zokunqumla kunye neeprojekthi apho izinto ezinyibilikisiweyo zinikezelwa kwi-preheater eyahlukileyo.
Iingxaki zoMatshini wokuMakisha weNdlela eqhelekileyo
Imigca egobileyo idla ngokukhomba ukungahambi kakuhle kwesikhokelo, ukudlala ngokulawula okanye isantya esingazinzanga. Iindawo ezincinci zinokuvela kwisantya esiphezulu sokuhamba, ukuhamba kwepeyinti okulinganiselweyo, ipompo egugileyo okanye incam yokutshiza engafanelekanga. Imiphetho egobileyo inokubangelwa kukuphakama kwesibhamu okungalunganga, ukuxinana kwepeyinti okubi okanye ibhokisi eyonakeleyo yeskrini.
Xa i-thermoplastic ingadibani kakuhle, umqhubi kufuneka aqale ahlole ukucoceka komphezulu, ukufuma kunye nobushushu. Ukunyusa ubushushu ngaphandle kokujonga indlela ebekwe ngayo kungonakalisa izinto ngelixa kungayichukumisi ingxaki yokuqala.
Hlola imeko yendlela.
Jonga ubushushu okanye ukuxinana kwezinto.
Coca izihluzi, amacebiso okutshiza kunye neendlela zokuhambisa.
Qinisekisa ukusebenza koxinzelelo lwepompo okanye ukufudumeza.
Hlola isiteringi, ukulungelelaniswa kwesikhokelo kunye nokuhamba kwevili.
Ukutshintsha useto oluninzi ngaxeshanye kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukufumana iimpazamo. Iimatshini ziyafana neenjineli kule nkalo: zombini ziziphatha ngcono xa kutshintshwa inguqu enye ngexesha.
Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo malunga nomatshini wokumakisha indlela
Ngaba umatshini omnye wokuphawula indlela unokusebenzisa iipeyinti ezahlukeneyo?
Kuphela xa ipompo, iipayipi, izitywini, itanki kunye nentloko yesicelo zihambelana nesixhobo ngasinye. Ipeyinti ebandayo, i-thermoplastic kunye neenkqubo ezineenxalenye ezimbini azikwazi ukutshintshaniswa ngokuzenzekelayo.
Ngaba umatshini wokuphawula imigca ungasebenzisa iintolo kunye neendlela zokunqumla i-zebra?
Ewe. Ngokuxhomekeke kububanzi kunye nokuma okufunekayo, umatshini unokusebenzisa ibhokisi ebanzi ye-screed, ii-spray guns ezininzi, i-stencil okanye umpu wesandla owahlukileyo.
Ngaba yonke imashini ye-thermoplastic ifuna i-preheater?
Hayi. Oomatshini abaninzi abancinci bafumana i-thermoplastic enyibilikisiweyo kwi-preheater eyahlukileyo, ngelixa iimodeli ezidibeneyo zidibanisa ukunyibilika nokusetyenziswa. Ulungiselelo oluchanekileyo luxhomekeke ekusetyenzisweni kwezinto ngeyure kunye nokuhanjiswa kwendawo.
Yintoni emisela imveliso yoomatshini bokuphawula indlela?
Imveliso yokwenyani bubude bophawu olwamkelekileyo olugqityiweyo ngeyure nganye yokusebenza emva kokuvumela uyilo, ukufudumeza, ukugcwalisa kwakhona, ukucoca kunye nokulungelelanisa. Isantya esiphezulu sokuhamba siluncedo, kodwa asisosisombululo sipheleleyo.
Uvavanyo Lokugqibela Olusebenzayo
Ngaphambi kokuba ucele ikowuteshini, nika umboneleli izinto zokumakisha, ububanzi bomgca obufunekayo, ubukhulu bengubo, umgama wokumakisha wemihla ngemihla kunye nomlinganiselo wemigca eqinileyo, ephukileyo nebanzi. Cela uqwalaselo olupheleleyo olugubungela ipompo okanye inkqubo yokufudumeza, intloko yesicelo, isixhobo sokuhambisa iglasi, izinto ezisetyenziswayo kunye nezixhobo ezicetywayo.
Umatshini ofanelekileyo wokuphawula indlela kufuneka ugcine i-geometry yomgca ofunekayo kunye nomphumo wezinto phantsi kweemeko zangempela zendawo. Iphepha elide leenkcukacha liyamkelekile, kodwa umgca othe tye, obonakalayo nobotshelelweyo ngokufanelekileyo yiloo nto umthengi aza kuyihlawulela.
