Umhlinzeki wemishini yokwakha wezixazululo zemishini yokwakha iminyaka engama-30.
Ulimi
Umhlinzeki wemishini yokwakha wezixazululo zemishini yokwakha iminyaka engama-30.
Ukusebenza kwemishini yokuminyana kunquma ukuthi indlela egandayiwe ifinyelela yini ubuningi bayo obubekiwe, ukuqina, kanye nokuqina kwesikhathi eside. Endaweni, ukwehluleka akuvamile ukuvela ezintweni zodwa; ngokuvamile kuba umphumela wama-roller omgwaqo angalingani, izilungiselelo zokudlidliza ezingalungile, ukuhambisana okungekuhle nemishini yokuminyana, noma ukunakekelwa okunganele kwezingxenye ezibalulekile. Konjiniyela nabaphathi abasebenza nemishini yokwakha imigwaqo, ukuqonda ukuthi imishini yokuminyana isebenzisana kanjani nezendlalelo ze-asphalt noma ze-granular kubalulekile ekulawulweni kwekhwalithi.
Lokhu kubuyekezwa kobuchwepheshe kuhlola ukuthi izinhlobo ezahlukene zemishini yokucindezela zithinta kanjani imiphumela yendlela, ukuthi kungani imigomo yobuningi ngezinye izikhathi iphuthelwa, nokuthi ukusebenza kungenziwa kanjani ngcono ngaphandle kokwandisa ama-rolling pass. Ukugxila kuyasebenza: izinqumo zesayithi, izilungiselelo zomshini, kanye nezici zokulungisa ezithinta ngqo imiphumela elinganisekayo.
Ukusebenza kokuminyana kulawulwa yizinto ezintathu ezisebenzisanayo: ukuziphatha kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukufaka amandla omshini, kanye nesikhathi. Ekugayweni kwe-asphalt, ukuthuthukiswa kobuningi kuncike kakhulu ekushiseni. Uma ukugoqa kuqala sekwephuzile, ingxube ilahlekelwa ukusebenza kahle futhi ukungqubuzana kwangaphakathi kuyanda, okunciphisa ubuningi obungafinyeleleka kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isisindo se-roller singakanani. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amandla amaningi asetshenziswa ekushiseni okuphezulu angabangela ukuguquguquka kwe-aggregate.
Ukuze uthole izisekelo ezihlanganisiwe, ukujiya kwezingqimba kanye nokuqukethwe komswakama kulawula indlela amandla okudlidliza asakazeka ngayo. Ama-lift amakhulu adinga i-amplitude ephezulu ukuze adlulisele amandla ezindaweni ezijulile, kuyilapho izingqimba ezincane zingasabela kangcono ku-amplitude ephansi ngemvamisa ephezulu. Ngakho-ke imishini yokwakha imigwaqo kumele ifaniswe hhayi nje nohlobo lwezinto kodwa futhi nokuphakamisa ukujula kanye nezimo zemvelo.
Ukusebenza kufanele kuhlolwe ngezinkomba ezilinganiswayo: iphesenti lobuningi elifinyelelwe, i-modulus yokuqina (lapho kusetshenziswa khona izinhlelo ezihlakaniphile), ukushelela komphezulu, kanye nokufana kuwo wonke ububanzi bomzila. Iziqongo zobuningi ezihlukanisiwe azibonisi ukuqina okuhle uma ukuguquguquka kuhlala kuphezulu.
Ama-roller omgwaqo adlidlizayo akhiqiza amandla ashukumisayo ngokusebenzisa izinqwaba ezijikelezayo ezingavamile ngaphakathi kwesigubhu. Amapharamitha amabili alawula ukusebenza: imvamisa (ukudlidliza ngomzuzu) kanye ne-amplitude (ukuhamba okuqondile). I-amplitude ephezulu yandisa ukujula kokudluliselwa kwamandla, okwenza ifaneleke ezisekelweni ezijiyile ze-granular. I-amplitude ephansi ehlanganiswe ne-frequency ephezulu ngokuvamile ifaneleka kakhulu ezingqimbeni ze-asphalt.
Ukubhanqa okungalungile kwemvamisa kanye ne-amplitude kungadala imiphumela emibi. I-amplitude eningi kakhulu kuma-lift amancane e-asphalt ingaphula isakhiwo noma idale ukudabuka komphezulu. Amandla okudlidliza anganele aholela ekuxineni okukhulu ngisho nangemva kokudlula kaningi. Abaqhubi kumele balungise izilungiselelo ngokuphendula ukujiya kwesendlalelo, uhlobo lokuxuba, kanye nokushisa komata kunokuthembela ekucushweni okuzenzakalelayo.
Ama-roller amathayi omoya asebenzisa ukucindezela ngesenzo sokuxova. Esikhundleni sokushaya okuqondile, akhiqiza ukunyakaza kwezinhlayiya eziseceleni kanye nokuvalwa kwendawo. Ekusetshenzisweni kwe-asphalt, le ndlela ithuthukisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinhlayiya futhi inciphisa izikhala zomphezulu.
Ukulinganiswa kwengcindezi yethayi kubalulekile. Ingcindezi engalingani iholela ekusabalaleni komthwalo okungaguquki kanye nokuguquguquka kobuningi. Ezingxubeni ezishisayo, ama-roller omoya avame ukusetshenziswa phakathi nezigaba eziphakathi, lapho izinto zihlala zisebenza kodwa sezizinzile ekuqaleni ngenxa yokugoqa izigubhu zensimbi.
Ama-roller aqinile athembele kuphela esisindweni somshini. Nakuba engavamile kakhulu emisebenzini emikhulu ekhiqizwa kakhulu, ahlala efanelekile ezindaweni zasemadolobheni lapho ukudluliselwa kokudlidliza kufanele kulawulwe khona. Ukuqina okuqinile kungaba wusizo nasezindaweni ezibucayi noma ezimbozwe kancane lapho isenzo sokudlidliza sibeka khona ingozi yokulimala.
Ukukhetha phakathi kwezindlela zokudlidliza kanye nezindlela ezimile kufanele kube yisinqumo sobunjiniyela esihleliwe, hhayi umkhuba wokusebenza ozenzakalelayo.
Ukushoda kobuningi kuvame ukubuyela emuva ekuphakameni okungafanele noma imvamisa. Abaqhubi bangasebenzisa ukuphakama okuphezulu kulo lonke uchungechunge lokugoqa, becabanga ukuthi amandla amakhulu aqinisekisa ukuminyana okungcono. Eqinisweni, amandla amaningi ezigabeni zakamuva angaphazamisa ukuzinza kwezinto eseziminyanisiwe kakade, kuncishiswe ukuminyana okusebenzayo.
Amaphethini okugoqa kumele aqinisekise ukumbozwa okuphelele ngokugqagqana okulawulwayo. Ukudlula okungahleliwe noma isivinini sokuhamba esingaguquki kunciphisa ukufana kokugoqa. Imishini yokwakha imigwaqo yesimanje ivumela amaphethini okugoqa angahlelwa, kodwa lezi zici azisetshenziswa kahle ezindaweni eziningi.
Ukuminyana kwe-asphalt kuyazwela ekushiseni. Uma umata usupholile ngaphansi kwefasitela lawo elifanele, ukugoqa okwengeziwe kuveza ukwanda okuncane kobuningi. Ukubambezeleka phakathi kwemishini yokugandaya kanye nama-roller omgwaqo, ikakhulukazi emabangeni amade noma ezindaweni ezibandayo, kuphazamisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwemishini yokuminyana.
Uma ungqimba olungaphansi lungenakho ukuqina okufanayo, amandla e-roller anyamalala ngokungalingani. Lokhu kuholela ekuxineni okuhlukile ngisho noma izilungiselelo ze-roller zilungile. Ngakho-ke ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokuminyana kwengqimba eyisisekelo kuyimfuneko yokuqina okuthembekile kobuso.
Ukuminyana ngokweqile kungaphula i-aggregate noma kuqhube i-binder phezulu, kudale ukukhukhuleka kobuso. Lezi ziphambeko ngezinye izikhathi ziqondwa kabi njengokuminyana okunganele, okubangela ukuphambuka okwengeziwe okwenza inkinga ibe yimbi kakhulu. Ukuqapha izitayela zobuningi kunokuthembela ezinombolweni zokuphambuka ezihleliwe kusiza ukuvimbela lesi simo.
Ukwandisa inani lamaphasi kukhulisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli futhi kwandisa isikhathi sephrojekthi. Ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle kufanele kugxile ekuvumelaneni nasekulawuleni.
Qondanisa umkhiqizo womshini wokugandaya nomthamo wemikhumbi egoqekayo ukuze ugweme ukulahleka kwezinga lokushisa.
Qala ukugingqa ngokushesha nje lapho umata usekela i-roller ngaphandle kokuyihambisa.
Sebenzisa izilandelaniso ze-roller ezihleliwe ukuze ugcine ukuqina okuqhubekayo ngaphakathi kwefasitela lokushisa.
Gada izinga lokushisa lobuso usebenzisa izinzwa ze-infrared ukuze uqondise izinqumo zesikhathi.
Izinhlelo zokucindezela ezihlakaniphile zingaqopha inani lokudlula kanye nedatha yokuqina, zinikeze amamephu abonakalayo okumbozwa. Uma ihunyushwa kahle, le datha inciphisa ukuqagela futhi ivimbele ukuphinda kusebenze okungadingekile.
Isimo semishini sinomthelela olinganisekayo emiphumeleni yokuminyana. Ukuguga ngaphakathi kwesistimu yokudlidliza engavamile kunciphisa ubukhulu obusebenzayo, ngisho noma izilungiselelo zibonakala zingashintshi. Ukonakala kwamabhere kwandisa ukulahlekelwa kokudlidliza futhi kungaletha ukunyakaza okungajwayelekile kwesigubhu.
Impendulo ye-hydraulic motor ithonya ukuhambisana kwesivinini sokuhamba. Ijubane elishintshashintshayo lishintsha ukusebenzisana kwemvamisa yokudlidliza nezinto ezibonakalayo. Kuma-roller e-pneumatic, ukwehla kwamandla ethayi okungalungile kuholela ekucindezelweni kokuxhumana okungalingani. Ngakho-ke, ukulinganisa nokuhlola okuvamile akuyona imisebenzi yokuphatha kodwa imisebenzi ebalulekile ekusebenzeni.
Izinzwa ezisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokucindezela ezihlakaniphile nazo zidinga ukuqinisekiswa. Amaphutha okushelela noma okulinganisa ahlanekezela ukufundwa kokuqina, okuholela ekuthembekeni okungamanga ekufinyeleleni kobuningi.
Ukucindezela okuhlakaniphile kuhlanganisa ama-accelerometer kanye nokucubungula idatha ngaphakathi ukuze kulinganiswe ukuqina kwezinto ngesikhathi sangempela. Ngokungafani nezindlela zendabuko ezithembele kuphela ekuhlolweni kobuningi be-nuclear ngemva kokugingqika, lezi zinhlelo zinikeza impendulo eqhubekayo ngesikhathi sokusebenza.
Kodwa-ke, ukucindezela okuhlakaniphile akususi isidingo sokwahlulela kobunjiniyela. Amanani okuqina kumele ahunyushwe kanye nedatha yokushisa, izakhiwo zezinto, kanye nobukhulu besendlalelo. Ukuthembela ngokungaboni kumethrikhi ebonisiwe kungaveza iziphetho ezidukisayo uma izimo zokulinganisa noma zomngcele zingacatshangelwa.
Uma zihlanganiswe nohlaka lokulawula ikhwalithi oluhlelekile, izinhlelo ezihlakaniphile zithuthukisa ukucaca futhi zinciphise ukuguquguquka kumaphrojekthi amakhulu.
Njengoba imininingwane yengqalasizinda iqina futhi imigomo yokuzinza iqina, ukusebenza kwemishini yokuqinisa kuzokwahlulelwa hhayi kuphela ngokuxinana okufinyelelwe kodwa futhi nangokusebenza kahle kwamandla kanye nokulandelelwa kwedatha. Ukuhlanganiswa kwemishini yokugandaya kanye nama-road rollers emisebenzini yedijithali ehlanganisiwe cishe kuzoba umkhuba ojwayelekile.
Konjiniyela namaqembu okulungisa, okubalulekile kuhlala kucacile: ukuqonda ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezilungiselelo zomshini, ukuziphatha kwezinto ezibonakalayo, kanye nezimo zesayithi. Imishini yokwakha imigwaqo iletha imiphumela ethembekile uma amakhono ayo ehambisana nezimiso zobunjiniyela kunomkhuba ojwayelekile. Kusukela ekudluleni kokuqala kuya ekuqinisekisweni kokuqina kokugcina, ukuqina kuhlala kuyinqubo elawulwayo, hhayi ukuphindaphinda komshini.
