Umhlinzeki wemishini yokwakha wezixazululo zemishini yokwakha iminyaka engama-30.
Ulimi
Umhlinzeki wemishini yokwakha wezixazululo zemishini yokwakha iminyaka engama-30.
Kumaphrojekthi emigwaqo yesimanje, imishini yokwakha imigwaqo inquma ukuthi indlela yokuhamba ngezinyawo ifinyelela yini ubuningi bayo bomklamo, ukubekezelelana kobuso, kanye nokuphila kwenkonzo. Kusukela ekubekweni kokuqala kwezinto kuya ekuqineni kokugcina, ukusebenzisana phakathi kwemishini yokupaka , imishini yokufaka , kanye nama-roller omgwaqo kubumba imiphumela yokwakha ngaphezu kwemininingwane yezinto kuphela. Lesi sihloko sihlola uchungechunge oluphelele lokuhamba ngezinyawo nokuqina kusukela embonweni wobunjiniyela nokugcinwa, sigxile ekutheni ukukhetha imishini, ukusetha, kanye nokusebenza kuthinta kanjani umkhiqizo, ikhwalithi, kanye nokusebenza kwesikhathi eside.
Ukwakhiwa komgwaqo ojwayelekile we-asphalt nokhonkolo kulandela ukulandelana okuchaziwe: ukulungiswa kwesisekelo, ukufakwa kwezinto, ukuqina, ukuqeda ubuso, kanye nokumaka. Phakathi kwalezi zigaba, ukugandaya nokuqina kwakha umongo wesakhiwo sohlelo lwendlela. Amaphutha alethwa ngesikhathi sokugandaya awakwazi ukulungiswa ngokuphelele ngokugandaya, kuyilapho ukuqina okunganele noma okulawulwa kabi kuphazamisa ngisho nezinto ezibekwe kahle.
Yingakho imishini yokugandaya kanye nama-road rollers kumele kubhekwe njengohlelo oluxhunyiwe kunokuba kube yimpahla ezizimele. Izinga lokukhipha, ukulawulwa kobukhulu besendlalelo, kanye nokuphathwa kwezinga lokushisa kwe-paver kuthinta ngqo indlela imishini yokuminyana esebenza ngayo ezindaweni ezilandelayo. Ukuqonda lokhu kuncika kubalulekile lapho ucacisa imishini yokwakha imigwaqo yanoma yisiphi isikali sephrojekthi.
Imishini yokugandaya inesibopho sokubeka i-asphalt noma ukhonkolo ekujiyeni okulawulwayo, ububanzi, kanye nokuwela. Ekusetshenzisweni kwe-asphalt, uhlelo lwe-screed lulawula ukuminyana kokuqala kanye nokuthungwa kwendawo, kuyilapho izinhlelo zokulethwa kwezinto zithonya ukuhambisana kwezinga lokushisa kulo lonke umata.
Ngokombono wobuchwepheshe, ukusebenza kwe-paving kuncike ku:
Ukuqina kohlelo lokuphakelayo kanye nokugwema ukuhlukaniswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo
Ukufana kokushisa kwe-Screed kanye nesikhathi sokuphendula
Ukunemba kokulinganisa okuzenzakalelayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene zesisekelo esingaphansi
Imishini yokugandaya nge-asphalt kumele inikeze umata ohlala usebenza isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukuze ugingqike ngempumelelo. Noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka kwesivinini sokugandaya noma ukugeleza kwezinto kwandisa ingozi yamalunga abandayo, okuzobonakala kamuva njengokwehluleka kobuningi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokuminyana.
Ama-road rollers akha umgogodla wemishini yokuqinisa ekwakhiweni komgwaqo. Umsebenzi wawo ukunciphisa izikhala zomoya, ukwandisa ukukhiya kwezinto, nokufeza ubuningi bezinhloso ngaphandle kokulimaza ubuso noma izendlalelo ezingaphansi.
Izigaba ezivamile zama-roller zifaka:
Ama-roller e-drum ensimbi okuhlanganisa i-asphalt kokuqala nokuphakathi
Ama-roller amathayi omoya okusebenza ngokuxova kanye nokuvala ubuso
Ama-roller adlidlizayo ezisekelo ezi-granular kanye nezendlalelo ezinkulu ze-asphalt
Ukukhetha phakathi kwezindlela ezimile nezidlidlizayo, kanye nezilungiselelo ze-amplitude kanye nemvamisa, kumele kuhambisane nobukhulu besendlalelo kanye nokushisa kwezinto. Ukudlidliza ngokweqile ezingqimbeni ezincane ze-asphalt kuvame ukuholela ekuchotshozweni okuhlanganisiwe noma ekuqhekekeni kwendawo, kuyilapho amandla anganele eholela ekufundweni okuphansi kobuningi.
Ngaphandle kwemishini yokugandaya kanye nama-roller omgwaqo, imishini yokwakha imigwaqo esiza isekela ukuqhubeka komsebenzi. Imishini yokumaka imigwaqo, isibonelo, isebenza ngemva kokuminyana kodwa ithembele endaweni ezinzile, emincane kahle ukuqinisekisa ukuqina komugqa. Nakuba isebenza kancane, le mishini igcizelela ukubaluleka kokufeza ukuminyana okufanele ngaphambi kwezigaba zokugcina zokuqeda.
Ukukhethwa kwe-paver kufanele kuqale ngamapharamitha ephrojekthi kunosayizi womshini ojwayelekile. Ukulungiswa kabusha kwesakhiwo sasemadolobheni kudinga imishini emincane enokulawulwa okunembile kokuleveli, kuyilapho ukwakhiwa komgwaqo omkhulu kubeka phambili umthamo wokukhipha kanye nokugeleza kwezinto okungaphazamiseki. Ukuqondanisa ububanzi be-screed kanye nekhono lokuminyana ne-geometry yomzila kunciphisa isikhathi sokulungisa futhi kuthuthukisa ukuqina kwe-mat.
Ngokombono wokusebenza kahle, umshini wokugandaya omkhulu kakhulu osebenza ngaphansi komthwalo ofanele uvame ukwethula ukuguquguquka kwesivinini, okuthinta kabi imishini yokucindezela engezansi komfula. Umthamo olinganiselayo kulo lonke uchungechunge lokugandaya nokubopha uveza imiphumela ebikezelwayo.
Ukukhetha ama-road rollers kudinga ukuhlola uhlobo lwezinto, ukujiya kwesendlalelo, kanye nezimo ze-ambient. Izingxube ze-asphalt ezine-binders eziguquliwe zisabela ngendlela ehlukile ekudlidlizeni uma kuqhathaniswa nezingxube ezivamile, ezidinga ukulungiswa kwamaphethini okugingqika kanye nokucushwa komshini.
Kumaphrojekthi okusetshenziswa okuxubile, izimoto ezihlanganisa isigubhu sensimbi kanye nama-roller amathayi aphefumulayo zinikeza ukuguquguquka. Isigubhu sensimbi sisungula ubuningi, kuyilapho i-roller ephefumulayo ilungisa ukuthungwa kwendawo futhi ivale izikhala. Ukusebenzisa uhlobo olulodwa lwe-roller kuzo zonke izigaba kuvame ukuholela emiphumeleni ebucayi.
Ukusebenza kahle kokwakha kuyathuthuka lapho umkhiqizo wokugandaya kanye nomthamo wokugoqa kuvumelaniswa. Ukubambezeleka phakathi kokugandaya nokugoqa kunciphisa izinga lokushisa lezinto ezibonakalayo, kunciphisa ifasitela lokugoqa elisebenzayo. Abasebenzi abanolwazi baqapha izinga lokushisa lomathi njalo futhi balungise ukulandelana kokugoqa ngokufanele.
Ukugcinwa njalo nakho kuthinta umkhiqizo. Izigubhu ezigugile, ukucindezeleka kwamathayi okungalingani, noma izinhlelo zokudlidliza ezingasebenzi kahle kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokuqiniswa futhi kwandise inani lamaphasi adingekayo, okuthinta ngqo ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli namahora okusebenza.
Intuthuko yakamuva emishinini yokugandaya igxile ekunciphiseni ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli ngenkathi kugcinwa ukubekwa kwezinto njalo. Ukusebenza kahle kwe-hydraulic okuthuthukisiwe, ukulawulwa kwesivinini senjini okuguquguqukayo, kanye nezinhlelo zokushisa ze-screed ezisebenza kahle kakhulu kunciphisa isidingo samandla ngaphandle kokushintsha ikhwalithi yokugandaya.
Ngokombono wokulungisa, ukushisa okuhlanzekile kanye nokucindezeleka okuncishisiwe kokushisa kuhumusha kube yizikhawu zesevisi ezinde kanye nokwehluleka okuncane kwezingxenye ezihlobene nokushisa.
Imishini yesimanje yokucindezela ihlanganisa izinhlelo zokudlidliza ezisebenzisa amandla amaningi kanye nezinyathelo zokunciphisa umsindo. Ama-drive aguquguqukayo avumela opharetha ukuthi basebenzise amandla okucindezela adingekayo kuphela kungqimba oluthile, bagweme ukushiswa kukaphethiloli okungadingekile kanye nomonakalo wezinto ezibonakalayo.
Ukwehla komsindo nokudlidliza nakho kuthuthukisa izimo zokusebenza zomqhubi, okusekela ngokungaqondile amaphethini okugingqika ahambisanayo kanye namaphutha ambalwa okusebenza.
Ikusasa lemishini yokwakha imigwaqo lilele ekuhlanganisweni okuqinile phakathi kwemishini yokugandaya kanye nama-roller emigwaqo. Izinhlelo zokuqinisa ezihlakaniphile sezivele zinikeza impendulo yesikhathi sangempela ngokuqina kanye nokumbozwa kokudlula, okuvumela abaqhubi ukuthi balungise amasu okugoqa ngokusekelwe kudatha elinganisiwe kunezibikezelo ezihleliwe.
Ukuqapha ukusebenza komshini ngedijithali, okuhlanganisa impendulo yokudlidliza kanye nokuziphatha kokushisa, kusekela ukulungiswa kokubikezela futhi kunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi esingahleliwe. Kwabakhi nonjiniyela, lokhu kuthuthuka kushintsha ukwenza izinqumo kusuka ekulungiseni okusabelayo kuya ekulawuleni okusebenzayo.
Njengoba izidingo zengqalasizinda zikhula futhi imingcele yezemvelo iqina, imishini yokwakha imigwaqo izoqhubeka nokuthuthuka ibe nokunemba okuphezulu, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwedatha okuqinile. Ukuqonda ubudlelwano bobuchwepheshe phakathi kwemishini yokugandaya kanye nemishini yokuqinisa kusabalulekile ekufinyeleleni izakhiwo zemigwaqo eziqinile nezihambisanayo.
