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Mupi wezvishandiso zvekuvaka kwemakore makumi matatu.
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Mupi wezvishandiso zvekuvaka kwemakore makumi matatu.
Kushanda kwemidziyo yekumanikidzana kunoratidza kana nzira yekufamba nayo ichisvika pakukora kwayo, kuomarara, uye kugara kwenguva refu. Panzvimbo iyi, kutadza kushanda zvakanaka hakuwanzobva pazvinhu chete; kazhinji kunokonzerwa nemarori emumugwagwa asina kuenderana, kuzununguka kusina kunaka, kusashanda zvakanaka kwemichina yekumisa migwagwa, kana kusagadzirisa zvakakwana zvinhu zvakakosha. Kune mainjiniya nevatariri vanoshanda nemichina yekuvaka migwagwa, kunzwisisa kuti michina yekumanikidzana inoshanda sei neasphalt kana granular layers ndicho chinhu chakakosha pakudzora mhando.
Ongororo iyi yehunyanzvi inoongorora kuti mhando dzakasiyana dzemidziyo yekumanikidza dzinokanganisa sei mhedzisiro yemugwagwa, nei dzimwe nguva zvinangwa zvekuwanda kwevashandi zvichitadza, uye kuti mashandiro anogona sei kugadziriswa pasina kungowedzera marongero ekutenderera. Chinangwa chinoshanda: sarudzo dzenzvimbo, marongero emuchina, uye zvinhu zvekugadzirisa zvinokanganisa zvakananga mhedzisiro inoyerwa.
Kushanda kwesimbi inodzvinyirirwa nezvinhu zvitatu zvinodyidzana: maitiro echinhu, simba remuchina, uye nguva. Mukugadzira simbi neasphalt, kukura kwesimbi kunoenderana zvakanyanya nekupisa. Kana kutenderera kukatanga kunonoka, musanganiswa unorasikirwa nekushanda uye kukweshana kwemukati kunowedzera, zvichideredza huwandu hunogona kuwanikwa pasinei nehuremu hwesimbi inodzvinyirirwa. Kusiyana neizvi, simba rakawandisa rinoshandiswa pakupisa kwakanyanya rinogona kukonzera kusuduruka kwesimbi.
Kune mabhesi ane granular, ukobvu hwema layer uye hunyoro zvinodzora kuti simba re vibration rinopararira sei. Ma lift akakora anoda amplitude yakakwirira kuti atumire simba kunzvimbo dzakadzika, nepo ma layer akatetepa anogona kupindura zviri nani ku amplitude yakaderera ne frequency yakakwirira. Michina yekuvaka migwagwa haifanirwe kuenzaniswa kwete chete nerudzi rwezvinhu asiwo nekudzika kwe sleep nemamiriro ekunze.
Kushanda zvakanaka kunofanirwa kuongororwa kuburikidza nezviratidzo zvinoyerwa: chiyero chehuwandu hwesimbi yakawanikwa, modulus yekuoma (uko masisitimu akangwara anoshandiswa), kutsvedzerera kwepamusoro, uye kufanana kwehupamhi hwenzira. Mapoka ehupamhi hwakasiyana haaratidzi kusimba kwakanaka kana kusiyana kwacho kukaramba kwakakwira.
Ma "vibratory road rollers" anogadzira simba rinoshanduka kuburikidza nema "eccentric rotating masses" ari mukati me "drum". Ma "parameter" maviri anotungamira pakushanda: frequency (vibrations per minute) uye amplitude (vertical displacement). Amplitude yakakwira inowedzera kudzika kwesimba, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera ma "granular bases" akakora. Amplitude yakaderera pamwe chete ne "high frequency" inowanzo kukodzera ma "asphalt layers".
Kubatanidzwa zvisina kururama kwema frequency uye amplitude kunogona kukonzera migumisiro isingabatsiri. Amplitude yakawandisa pama lifts matete easphalt inogona kutyora chimiro che aggregate kana kukonzera kubvaruka kwenzvimbo. Simba rekutenderera risina kukwana rinotungamira ku density plateau kunyangwe mushure mekupfuura kakawanda. Vashandi vanofanirwa kugadzirisa marongero zvichienderana nekukora kwe layer, mix type, uye tembiricha ye mat pane kuvimba nema default configurations.
Mavhiri emagetsi anoshandisa simba rekukwesha tambo kuburikidza nekukanya. Panzvimbo pekuti tambo ishande yakatwasuka, anogadzira kufamba kwezvikamu zvemativi uye kuvharwa kwenzvimbo. Mukushandiswa kweasphalt, nzira iyi inovandudza kubatana kwezvikamu zvepakati uye inoderedza kusava nechinhu pamusoro.
Kuongororwa kwekumanikidzwa kwetairi kwakakosha. Kusaenzana kwekumanikidzwa kunokonzera kusiyana kwekugoverwa kwemutoro uye huwandu hwezvinhu. Pamisanganiswa inopisa, maroller emhepo anowanzoiswa panguva dzepakati, apo zvinhu zvacho zvinoramba zvichishanda asi zvagadzikana pakutanga nekuda kwekutenderera kwemadhiramu esimbi.
Maroller asingachinji anovimba nehuremu hwemuchina chete. Kunyange zvazvo asingawanzoitiki pamabasa emigwagwa mikuru, anoramba achishanda munzvimbo dzemaguta uko kufambiswa kwekudengenyeka kunofanira kudzorwa. Kudzvanywa kwakasimba kunogonawo kubatsira pamidziyo inopfava kana nzvimbo dzakatetepa apo kudzungudza kunogona kukanganisa.
Kusarudza pakati pema "vibratory" ne "static modes" kunofanira kuva sarudzo yeunyanzvi, kwete tsika yekushanda nguva dzose.
Kushomeka kwehuwandu hwezvinhu kunowanzo dzokera kumashure kune amplitude isina kukodzera kana frequency. Vashandi vanogona kushandisa amplitude yakakwira mukati menguva yekutenderera, vachifunga kuti simba guru rinovimbisa kudzvanywa kuri nani. Muchokwadi, simba rakawandisa pamatanho ekupedzisira rinogona kukanganisa kugadzikana kwechinhu chakatodzvanywa, zvichideredza kudzvanywa kunoshanda.
Mapatani ekumonera anofanira kuve nechokwadi chekuti mugwagwa wakavharwa zvakakwana uye unodzorwa. Kupfuura nekukasira kana kumhanya kwekufamba kusingaenderane kunoderedza kufanana kwekumonera. Michina yemazuva ano yekuvaka migwagwa inobvumira mapatani ekumonera anogona kurongwa, asi zvinhu izvi hazvishandiswi zvakakwana panzvimbo dzakawanda.
Kudzvanywa kweasphalt kunonyanya kukanganiswa nekupisa. Kana mat yatonhora pasi pehwindo rayo, kutenderedzwa kwakawanda kunoita kuti huwandu hwesimbi husanyanye kuderera. Kunonoka pakati pemichina yekugadzira mapango nemaroller emumugwagwa, kunyanya padaro refu kana munzvimbo dzinotonhora, kunokanganisa zvakanyanya mashandiro emidziyo yekudzvanywa.
Kana jira riri pasi risinganyanyi kuomarara, simba reroller rinopera zvisina kuenzana. Izvi zvinoita kuti pave nekuwanda kwesimbi kunyangwe kana maroller akarongwa zvakanaka. Saka, kuongororwa kwechigadziko cheroller isati yaoma chinhu chinodiwa kuti pave nekuomarara kwakasimba.
Kudzvinyirirwa kwakanyanya kunogona kutyora aggregate kana kusundidzira binder kumusoro, zvichiita kuti pamusoro payo pave nekutsvuka. Dzimwe nguva zvikanganiso izvi zvinonzwisiswa zvisirizvo sekusakwana kwekudzvinyirirwa, zvichiita kuti pave nekudzvinyirirwa kwakawanda kunowedzera dambudziko racho. Kutarisa mafambiro ehuwandu hwevanhu panzvimbo pekuvimba nenhamba dzakatarwa dzekudzvinyirirwa kunobatsira kudzivirira izvi.
Kuwedzera huwandu hwemapasi kunowedzera kushandiswa kwemafuta uye kunoita kuti basa riwedzere. Kuvandudzwa kwekushanda zvakanaka kunofanira kutarisa pakubatanidza nekudzora.
Gadzirisa simba remuchina wekugadzira matombo kuti ukwanise kudzikamisa tembiricha.
Tanga kukunguruka kana meti yangotsigira roller pasina kuibvisa.
Shandisa ma "staggered roller sequences" kuti urambe uchidzvinyirirwa mukati mehwindo rekupisa.
Tarisa tembiricha yepamusoro uchishandisa ma sensor e infrared kuti akutungamirire pakusarudza nguva.
Masisitimu ekumanikidza ane hungwaru anogona kunyora huwandu hwevanhu vakapasa uye data rekuomarara, zvichipa mamepu anooneka ekuvhara. Kana data iri rikatsanangurwa nemazvo, rinoderedza kufungidzira uye rinodzivirira kugadzirisa zvisina kufanira.
Mamiriro emuchina ane simba rinoyerwa pamhedzisiro yekusimba kwesimbi. Kupera kwesimbi mukati mesystem yekusimba kwesimbi kunoderedza amplitude inoshanda, kunyangwe kana magadzirirwo akaita seasina kuchinja. Kuora kwesimbi kunowedzera kurasikirwa nekusimba uye kunogona kukonzera kufamba kwemadhiramu zvisina kurongeka.
Mhinduro yemota ye hydraulic inokanganisa kufamba kwakasimba. Kumhanya kwakaderera kunochinja kudyidzana kwema frequency ekudzungudza nezvinhu. Pama rollers e pneumatic, kukwira kwematairi zvisina kunaka kunotungamira mukumanikidzwa kusina kuenzana. Saka, kuyera nguva dzose uye kuongorora hazvisi mabasa ekutonga asi mabasa akakosha pakushanda.
Masensa anoshandiswa mumasisitimu ekugadzirisa akangwara anodawo kuongororwa. Kukanganisa kwekutsvedza kana kugadzirisa kunokanganisa kuverenga kwekuomarara, zvichikonzera chivimbo chenhema mukubudirira kwehuwandu.
Kubatanidza kwakangwara kunobatanidza ma accelerometers uye kugadzirisa data mukati memuchina kuti vaongorore kuomarara kwezvinhu munguva chaiyo. Kusiyana nenzira dzechinyakare dzinongovimba chete nekuyedzwa kwehuwandu hwenyukireya mushure mekutenderera, masisitimu aya anopa mhinduro dzinogara dzichiitika panguva yekushanda.
Zvisinei, kudzvanywa kwakangwara hakubvisi kudiwa kwekuongorora kweinjiniya. Kukosha kwekuoma kunofanirwa kutsanangurwa pamwe chete nedata retembiricha, hunhu hwezvinhu, uye ukobvu hwechikamu. Kuvimba nezviratidzo zvinoratidzwa pasina kufunga kunogona kuburitsa mhedziso dzinotsausa kana mamiriro ekuenzanisa kana emuganhu asina kufungwa nezvawo.
Kana zvikabatanidzwa muhurongwa hwekudzora hunhu hwakarongwa, masisitimu akangwara anowedzera kujeka uye anoderedza kusiyana kwemapurojekiti makuru.
Sezvo zvinodiwa zvezvivakwa zvichiwedzera kusimba uye zvinangwa zvekuchengetedza nharaunda zvichiwedzera, mashandiro emidziyo yekumanikidza achatongwa kwete chete nekuwanda kwayo asiwo nekushandisa simba zvakanaka uye kutevedza data. Kubatanidzwa kwemichina yekugadzika mapaipi nemaroller emigwagwa mumabasa edhijitari akarongeka kunogona kuva tsika yakajairika.
Kune mainjiniya nemapoka ekugadzirisa, chinhu chakakosha chinoramba chiri pachena: kunzwisisa kudyidzana kuripo pakati pemagadzirirwo emuchina, maitiro echinhu, uye mamiriro enzvimbo. Michina yekuvaka migwagwa inopa mhedzisiro yakavimbika kana kugona kwayo kuchienderana nemisimboti yeinjiniya pane tsika yenguva dzose. Kubva pakupasa kwekutanga kusvika pakusimbiswa kwehuwandu hwekupedzisira, kudzvanywa kunoramba kuri maitiro anodzorwa, kwete kudzokorora kwemuchina.
