Umthengisi wezixhobo zokwakha izisombululo zoomatshini bokwakha kangangeminyaka engama-30.
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Umthengisi wezixhobo zokwakha izisombululo zoomatshini bokwakha kangangeminyaka engama-30.
Ukusebenza kwezixhobo zokuxinana kumisela ukuba indlela ebekwe ngayo ifikelela na kuxinano, ukuqina, kunye nokuqina kwexesha elide. Kwindawo, ukusilela akusoloko kuvela kwizinto zodwa; zihlala zibangelwa ziirola zendlela ezingahambelaniyo, useto lokungcangcazela olungalunganga, ulungelelwaniso olubi noomatshini bokutyibiliza, okanye ukugcinwa okungonelanga kwezinto ezibalulekileyo. Kwiinjineli kunye nabaphathi abasebenza ngoomatshini bokwakha iindlela, ukuqonda indlela izixhobo zokuxinana ezisebenzisana ngayo ne-asphalt okanye iileya ze-granular kubalulekile kulawulo lomgangatho.
Olu phononongo lobuchwephesha luhlola indlela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo zokuxinana ezichaphazela ngayo iziphumo zendlela, isizathu sokuba iithagethi zoxinano ngamanye amaxesha zingaphoswa, kunye nendlela ukusebenza okunokuphuculwa ngayo ngaphandle kokwandisa nje iipasi eziqengqelekayo. Ingqwalasela iyasebenza: izigqibo zendawo, useto lomatshini, kunye nezinto zolondolozo ezichaphazela ngqo iziphumo ezilinganisekayo.
Ukusebenza kokuxinana kulawulwa zizinto ezintathu ezisebenzisanayo: ukuziphatha kwezinto, igalelo lamandla oomatshini, kunye nexesha. Kwi-asphalt paving, uphuhliso loxinano luxhomekeke kakhulu kubushushu. Ukuba ukuqengqeleka kuqala kade kakhulu, umxube ulahlekelwa kukusebenza kwaye ukungqubana kwangaphakathi kuyanda, okunciphisa uxinano olunokufezekiswa nokuba ubunzima be-roller bunjani na. Kwelinye icala, amandla agqithisileyo asetyenziswa kubushushu obuphezulu anokubangela ukufuduka kwe-aggregate.
Kwiziseko ezibunjiweyo, ubukhulu beleya kunye nomxholo womswakama kulawula indlela amandla okungcangcazela asasazeka ngayo. Iilifti ezinkulu zifuna ubukhulu obuphezulu ukuze zidlulisele amandla kwiindawo ezinzulu, ngelixa iileya ezincinci zinokusabela ngcono kwi-amplitude ephantsi nge-frequency ephezulu. Oomatshini bokwakha iindlela ke ngoko kufuneka bahambelane kungekuphela nje nohlobo lwezinto kodwa kunye nobunzulu bokuphakamisa kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo.
Ukusebenza kufanele kuhlolwe kusetyenziswa izalathisi ezinokulinganiswa: ipesenti yoxinano olufezekisiweyo, imodulus yokuqina (apho kusetyenziswa iinkqubo ezikrelekrele), ukuguda komphezulu, kunye nokufana kububanzi bendlela. Iincopho zoxinano ezizimeleyo azibonisi ukuxinana okuhle ukuba umahluko uhlala uphezulu.
Iirola zendlela ezingcangcazelayo zivelisa amandla aguqukayo ngokusebenzisa ubunzima obujikelezayo obungaqhelekanga ngaphakathi kwidrama. Iiparameter ezimbini zilawula ukusebenza: i-frequency (ukungcangcazela ngomzuzu) kunye ne-amplitude (ukufuduka ngokuthe nkqo). I-amplitude ephezulu yonyusa ubunzulu bokudluliselwa kwamandla, okwenza ukuba ifaneleke kwiziseko ezixineneyo ze-granular. I-amplitude ephantsi kunye ne-frequency ephezulu ngokubanzi ifanelekile ngakumbi kwiileya ze-asphalt.
Ukudityaniswa okungachanekanga kwemvamisa kunye ne-amplitude kunokubangela iziphumo ezichaseneyo. I-amplitude egqithisileyo kwii-asphalt lifts ezincinci inokubangela ukwaphuka kwesakhiwo okanye idale ukukrazuka komphezulu. Amandla okungcangcazela anganelanga akhokelela kwi-density plateaus nokuba emva kokudlula izihlandlo ezininzi. Abaqhubi kufuneka balungise useto ngokuphendula kubukhulu beleya, uhlobo lomxube, kunye nobushushu be-mat endaweni yokuxhomekeka kwiindlela ezimiselweyo.
Iirola zamatayara omoya zisebenzisa ukuxinana ngesenzo sokuxova. Endaweni yokuba zithintelwe ngokuthe nkqo, zivelisa intshukumo yamasuntswana asecaleni kunye nokutywinwa komphezulu. Kwizicelo ze-asphalt, le ndlela iphucula ukudibana phakathi kwamasuntswana kwaye inciphisa izithuba zomphezulu.
Ukulinganiswa koxinzelelo lwethayi kubalulekile. Uxinzelelo olungalinganiyo lubangela ukusasazwa komthwalo okungahambelaniyo kunye nokuguquguquka kobuninzi. Kwimixube eshushu, iirola zepneumatic zihlala zisetyenziswa ngexesha eliphakathi, xa izinto zihlala zisebenza kodwa zifumene uzinzo ekuqaleni ngenxa yokuqengqeleka kweedrama zentsimbi.
Iirola ezinganyakaziyo zixhomekeke kuphela kubunzima bomatshini. Nangona zingaqhelekanga kwimisebenzi emikhulu yemveliso ephezulu, zihlala zibalulekile kwiindawo zasezidolophini apho ukuhanjiswa kokungcangcazela kufuneka kulawulwe. Ukuxinana okunganyakaziyo kunokuba luncedo nakwiindawo ezinobuthathaka okanye ii-overlay ezincinci apho isenzo sokungcangcazela sinomngcipheko wokonakala.
Ukukhetha phakathi kweendlela zokungcangcazela kunye nezingashukumiyo kufuneka kube sisigqibo sobunjineli esicwangcisiweyo, kungekhona umkhwa wokusebenza ozenzekelayo.
Ukunqongophala koxinano kudla ngokubuyela emva kwi-amplitude engafanelekanga okanye i-frequency. Abaqhubi banokusebenzisa i-amplitude ephezulu kulo lonke ulandelelwano lokuqengqeleka, becinga ukuba amandla amakhulu aqinisekisa ukuxinana okungcono. Enyanisweni, amandla amaninzi kwizigaba zamva anokuphazamisa izinto ezisele zixinene, nto leyo enciphisa uxinano olusebenzayo.
Iipateni zokuqengqeleka kufuneka ziqinisekise ukugqunywa okupheleleyo kunye nokudibana okulawulwayo. Ukudlula okungacwangciswanga okanye isantya sokuhamba esingaguqukiyo kunciphisa ukuxinana. Oomatshini bokwakha iindlela banamhlanje bavumela iipateni zokuqengqeleka ezinokucwangciswa, kodwa ezi mpawu azisetyenziswa ngokwaneleyo kwiindawo ezininzi.
Ukuxinana kwe-asphalt kuyachaphazeleka kubushushu. Nje ukuba imathi iphole ngaphantsi kwefestile yayo efanelekileyo, ukuqengqeleka okungakumbi kuvelisa ukwanda okuncinci koxinano. Ukulibaziseka phakathi koomatshini bokugawula kunye neerola zendlela, ingakumbi kumgama omde okanye kwiindawo ezibandayo, kuphazamisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwezixhobo zokuxinana.
Ukuba umaleko ongaphantsi awunabo ukuqina okufanayo, amandla erola ayaphela ngokungalinganiyo. Oku kukhokelela kuxinano oluhlukeneyo nokuba useto lwerola luchanekile. Ukuhlolwa komgangatho osisiseko ngaphambi kokuxinana kuyimfuneko ukuze kubekho ukuqina okuthembekileyo komphezulu.
Ukuxinana kakhulu kunokwaphula i-aggregate okanye kuqhube i-binder phezulu, okubangela ukugungxula komphezulu. Ezi ziphene ngamanye amaxesha zitolikwa gwenxa njengokuxinana okunganelanga, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ii-pass ezongezelelweyo zibe mandundu ngakumbi. Ukujonga iindlela zoxinano endaweni yokuthembela kumanani e-pass asisigxina kunceda ukuthintela le meko.
Ukwandisa inani leepaseji kunyusa ukusetyenziswa kwepetroli kwaye kwandisa ixesha leprojekthi. Ukuphuculwa kokusebenza kakuhle kufanele kugxile ekulungelelaniseni nasekulawuleni.
Hlanganisa imveliso yomatshini wokugalela ipaving kunye nomthamo weenqwelo-moya ukuze uphephe ukulahleka kobushushu.
Qalisa ukuqengqeleka kwangoko xa imathi ixhasa irola ngaphandle kokuyisusa.
Sebenzisa ulandelelwano lweerola eziqingqiweyo ukugcina ukuxinana okuqhubekayo ngaphakathi kwefestile yobushushu.
Jonga ubushushu bomphezulu usebenzisa izinzwa ze-infrared ukuze zikhokele izigqibo zexesha.
Iinkqubo zokuxinana ezikrelekrele zinokurekhoda inani lokupasa kunye nedatha yokuqina, zibonelela ngeemephu ezibonakalayo zokugubungela. Xa zitolikwa ngokuchanekileyo, le datha inciphisa ukuqikelela kwaye ithintele ukuphinda kusetyenzwe ngokungeyomfuneko.
Imeko yoomatshini inefuthe elilinganisekayo kwiziphumo zokuxinana. Ukuguguleka kwenkqubo yokungcangcazela engaqhelekanga kunciphisa ubukhulu obusebenzayo, nokuba useto lubonakala lungatshintshanga. Ukuwohloka kweebhereyitha kwandisa ilahleko zokungcangcazela kwaye kunokungenisa intshukumo engaqhelekanga yedrama.
Impendulo ye-hydraulic motor inefuthe kwisantya sokuhamba esingaguqukiyo. Isantya esitshintshatshintshayo sitshintsha ukusebenzisana kwe-vibration frequency nezinto. Kwii-pneumatic rollers, ukunyuka kwamatayara ngendlela engalunganga kukhokelela kuxinzelelo loqhagamshelwano olungalinganiyo. Ukulinganiswa rhoqo kunye nokuhlolwa ngoko ke asiyomisebenzi yolawulo kodwa yimisebenzi ebalulekileyo yokusebenza.
Iisensors ezisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokuxinana ezikrelekrele nazo zifuna ukuqinisekiswa. Iimpazamo zokutsiba okanye zokulinganisa ziphazamisa ukufundwa kokuqina, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuthembekeni okungachanekanga kwimpumelelo yoxinano.
Ukuxinana okukrelekrele kudibanisa ii-accelerometers kunye nokusetyenzwa kwedatha ngaphakathi ukuze kuqikelelwe ukuqina kwezinto ngexesha langempela. Ngokungafaniyo neendlela zemveli ezixhomekeke kuphela kuvavanyo loxinano lwenyukliya emva kokuqengqeleka, ezi nkqubo zibonelela ngempendulo eqhubekayo ngexesha lokusebenza.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuxinana okukrelekrele akususi mfuneko yokugweba ngobunjineli. Amaxabiso okuqina kufuneka atolikwe kunye nedatha yobushushu, iipropati zezinto, kunye nobukhulu beleya. Ukuthembela ngokungaboniyo kwiimetrikhi ezibonisiweyo kunokuvelisa izigqibo ezilahlekisayo ukuba iimeko zokulinganisa okanye zemida aziqwalaselwa.
Xa zidityaniswe kwisakhelo solawulo lomgangatho esicwangcisiweyo, iinkqubo ezikrelekrele ziphucula ukucaca kwaye zinciphisa ukuguquguquka kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu.
Njengoko iinkcukacha zeziseko zophuhliso ziqina kwaye iinjongo zozinzo zisanda, ukusebenza kwezixhobo zokuxinana kuya kugwetywa kungekuphela nje ngokuxinana okufezekisiweyo kodwa nangokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunye nokulandeleka kwedatha. Ukuhlanganiswa koomatshini bokugawula kunye neerola zendlela kwimisebenzi yedijithali edibeneyo kusenokwenzeka ukuba kube yindlela eqhelekileyo.
Kwiinjineli kunye namaqela olondolozo, into ephambili isacacile: ukuqonda ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezicwangciso zomatshini, indlela izinto ezisetyenziswa ngayo, kunye neemeko zendawo. Oomatshini bokwakha iindlela bazisa iziphumo ezithembekileyo xa amandla abo ehambelana nemigaqo yobunjineli endaweni yesiqhelo. Ukususela ekuphumeleleni kokuqala ukuya ekuqinisekisweni koxinano lokugqibela, ukuxinana kuhlala kuyinkqubo elawulwayo, kungekhona ukuphindaphinda koomatshini.
