Aratohu Rahi Pūranga Whakaranu Konukuraiti: Ōwehenga Ranunga, Rōrahi Pahu me te Putanga Tuturu
He ngāwari te hē o te rahi o te puranga mīhini whakaranu raima . Ahakoa he tapanga 350L, 500L rānei kei roto i te mīhini, kāore taua tau e whakaatu tonu i te nui o te raima kua oti te whakaputa i muri i te huringa kotahi. Tērā pea e pā ana ki te rahinga o te pahu, te rahinga uta, tētahi atu kaha rānei kua whakatauria. I roto i tētahi mahi tūturu, ko te tau whai hua ko te nui ka taea e te mīhini whakaranu te whakahaere tika me te tuku i ngā mea maha me te kore e raru. Koinei te mea e pā ana ki te tatau huringa, te mahi me te putanga o ia rā.
Ko te ōwehenga ranunga he wāhanga o te kōrero kotahi, engari he rerekē te raruraru e whakaotihia ana. Mā te ōwehenga ka whakamārama te kapa i te ōwehenga o te sima, te onepu me te kirikiri. Mā te kaha o te whakaranu ka whakamārama koe i te nui o taua rauemi ka taea e te mīhini te whakahaere. Mā te whakapoauau i ngā mea e rua ka mutu me te pahu kua utaina rawatia, me te kapa e tū ana i te taha e tatari ana mō te puranga e whai ake nei.
Tūtohi Tauwehenga Ranunga Konukura Tere mō ngā Pūranga Ranunga
Mō ngā puranga papa iti, he pai tonu ngā ōwehenga pēnei i te 1:2:3 me te 1:2:4 nā te mea ka tere te mārama o te katoa ki a rātou. He pai ake te whakaaro he tohutoro papa ēnei, kaua ki ngā tohutao raima whānui. Mena he mahi hanganga te mahi, he mea pāngia e te huarere kino, he mea whakahaere rānei e ngā whakaritenga a te miihini, ko te hoahoa ranunga kua whakaaetia te mea tuatahi.
| Ōwehenga Ranunga Ingoa | Sima | Oneone | Konumohe Matariki | Tohutoro Whaihua |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1:1.5:3 | 1 wāhanga | 1.5 ngā wāhanga | 3 ngā wāhanga | He ranunga mara momona ake ina whakaaetia |
| 1:2:3 | 1 wāhanga | 2 ngā wāhanga | 3 ngā wāhanga | Tohutoro āpure whānui noa |
| 1:2:4 | 1 wāhanga | 2 ngā wāhanga | 4 ngā wāhanga | He ranunga mara angiangi ake mō te mahi māmā ake ina whakaaetia |
| 1:3:6 | 1 wāhanga | 3 ngā wāhanga | 6 ngā wāhanga | Tohutoro raima kikokore, kore-hanganga rānei |
He aha te tikanga o te 1:2:3 i roto i te mīhini whakaranu raima?
Ko te ranunga 1:2:3 he kotahi wāhanga sima, e rua wāhanga onepu, e toru wāhanga kirikiri matotoru. Mēnā ka whakamahia e te kapa he peere 10-rita, ka riro i tēnā he 10 rita sima, 20 rita onepu, me te 30 rita kirikiri. Ehara te rahi o te peere i te mea nui; ko te whakamahi i te wae ine kotahi i ngā wā katoa te mea nui.
Me whakahaere motuhake te wai. Kaua e waiho hei tau tuawhā noa iho o te ōwehenga, nā te mea ko te nui o te wai tuturu e whakawhirinaki ana ki te makuku e takoto ana i runga i te onepu me te kohatu.
Mena kei te hiahia koe i ētahi atu kōrero mō te 1:2:3, 1:2:4 me ngā ranunga mara rite, tirohia te ACE tūtohi ōwehenga ranunga raima . I konei, ko te pātai whai hua ake ko te āhua o te whanonga o aua ōwehenga ina whakauruhia ki roto i te mīhini whakaranu tuturu.
Te Ōwehenga Wai-Sima: Te Wāhi e Rere ai ngā Puranga o te Papa
Ko te ōwehenga wai-rawa sima, w/cm rānei, e tautuhia ana e te ACI, ko te taumaha o te wai whakaranu i wehea ki te taumaha o te rawa sima. Nō reira, ki te whakamahia he 50 kg o te rawa sima i te aw/cm o te 0.50, ko te tapeke o te wai whakaranu he 25 kg.
He pai te āhua o tēnā, kia mākū rawa ngā mea kua whakatōkia. Mēnā ka rongoatia te onepu i waho i muri i te ua, ka taea e ia te kawe i te nui o te wai ki roto i te pū. Tērā pea ka tāpirihia e te kaiwhakahaere te pēke wai kotahi tonu i tērā o nanahi, ā, ka kitea tonu te mākū o te ranunga.
Ka taea e te onepu mākū te whakarerekē i te ranunga i mua i te whakakā o te ngongo
Ko te nuinga o te wā he kirikiri te rahinga o te raima. E ai ki te NRMCA, tata ki te 60–75% te nui. Ina he onepu me he kōhatu te nuinga o te puranga, ehara i te mea iti te makuku o te mata o aua rauemi.
Ki te whakaarohia te onepu mākū hei onepu maroke, ka noho puku te makuku tāpiri hei wāhanga o te wai whakaranu. Ahakoa te āhua maeneene o te ranunga, he māmā ake te tuku, kua rerekē te w/cm tuturu. Mai i te tirohanga a te kaiwhakahaere, kāore he mea i kitea i tupu. Mai i te tirohanga a te raima, he nui ngā mea i tupu.
He aha te mea e whai hua ai te wai tāpiri i te tīmatanga
He tere te mahi a te tāpiri wai, koia tonu te take he mea whakamātau. E whakarato ana te NRMCA i tētahi ture whaihua, arā, mā te 5 rita wai tāpiri mō ia mita pūtoru ka taea te whakanui ake i te hekenga o te wai mā te 25 mm pea . I te wāhi, he ngāwari te kite i taua rerekētanga.
Ka puta te ngoikoretanga i muri mai. Ka taea e te wai e nui ake ana i te rahinga hoahoa te whakaroa i te whakatōnga, te whakaiti i te kaha, te pā ki te roa me te whakanui ake i te tūponotanga o te pakaru. Tērā pea ka māmā ake ngā meneti tekau e whai ake nei i te ranunga mākū, ā, ka puta he raruraru ka noho tonu ki roto i te raima mō ngā tau.
Rahi o te Pūranga Whakaranu Konukuraiti: Kāore anō kia Oti te Putanga o te Rōrahi o te Pahu
Koinei te wāhi e pōhēhē ai ngā utu mō ngā taputapu. Tērā pea ka whakaatu tētahi kaiwhakarato i te nui o te pahu. Tērā pea ka kōrero tētahi atu mō te kaha uta. Tērā pea ka homai e te tuatoru te kaha tuku. Tērā pea ka tika ngā tau e toru, engari he rerekē tonu ngā mea e whakaahua ana.
| Te Wā Pūmanawa | Ngā Mea e Whakaahuatia ana e Ia | Ngā Mea e Hiahiatia ana e te Kaihoko kia Mōhio |
|---|---|---|
| Te rōrahi o te pahu | Te wāhi katoa i roto i te pahu | Kaua e whakaarohia he putanga kua oti |
| Te kaha utaina | Rauemi kua utaina mō te huringa mahi kotahi | Tirohia te kawenga mahi e taunakitia ana |
| Te kaha tukunga | E wātea ana te raima whakaranu i muri i te puranga kotahi | Whakamahia tēnei mō te whakamahere mahi |
| Putanga ia hāora | Te whakaputa i runga i ngā huringa auau | Tirohia te roa o te uta me te huringa i whakaarohia |
Me whai wāhi wātea te mīhini whakaranu i roto i te pahu, nā te mea me hiki, me turakina hoki te rauemi e ngā mata. Mēnā kua kī rawa te pahu, ka huri tonu pea te mīhini, engari he iti ake te wāhi hei neke i ngā rauemi mā te ara whakaranu. Mēnā he nui ake ngā rauemi i roto i te pahu, ehara i te mea he nui ake te whai hua o te raima mai i roto.
Ko te aratohu ACE te kaha o te mīhini whakaranu raima me te whai huatanga o te putanga ka hohonu ake te hohonutanga o tēnei rerekētanga.
350L, 400L, 500L rānei: Ko tēhea te rahi o te mīhini whakaranu e tika ana?
Ko te ACE o nāianei ngā tauira mīhini whakaranu raima kei roto ko ngā akomanga 350L, 400L me te 500L me ngā kōwhiringa penehīni, tīhiera me te hiko. He pai ēnei tapanga rahi hei whakawhāiti i te rārangi, engari kāore e ranea ana ko rātou anake.
| Akomanga Whakaranu | Te Wāhi e Taunga Ana | Ngā mea hei whakaū |
|---|---|---|
| 350L | Ngā ringihanga iti, ngā whakatikatika, ngā pou me ngā mahi a te kaiwhakatū nekeneke | Te rahi o te puranga e taea te whakamahi, te pūtake hiko me te tikanga tukunga |
| 400L | Te kohikohinga papaanga auau me te mahi a te kaiwhakatū i ngā mahi auau | Te kaha mahi, te whakatakotoranga o te mata, te tuku me te anga |
| 500L | Ngā puranga nui ake i ngā pae iti me ngā pae waenga | Te rahinga tukunga, te teitei o te uta, te hiahia hiko me te kawe |
Ka noho tonu te mīhini whakaranu nui ina ka taea e te toenga o te papa te mahi. Mena ka puhoi te taenga mai o te kirikiri, he iti rānei te hunga mahi, me neke rānei te raima ki tawhiti i muri i te tukunga, ka roa pea te tatari mō te pahu nui ake.
Nā reira, me whakarite e ngā kaimahi kirimana te nui o te puranga me te roa o te huringa, kaua ko ngā rita anake. Me titiro hoki ngā kaihokohoko me ngā kamupene reti ki te kawe waka, te kaha o te wira, te urunga ki te tiaki me te momo kaihoko ka whakamahi pea i te mīhini.
Me pēhea te huri i te ōwehenga ranunga hei puranga whakaranu kotahi?
Me whakamahi anō i te tauira māmā 1:2:3. Mā te whakamahi i tētahi peere 10-rita ka puta:
| Rauemi | Tauira Rahinga |
|---|---|
| Sima | 10 rita |
| Oneone | 20 rita |
| Te kohao matotoru | 30 rita |
| Wai | Ka whakahaerehia motuhaketia kia rite ki te w/cm me te makuku whakakotahi |
Ko te mea kāore e puta mai i tēnei ko te 60 rita o te raima kua oti. Ka tau te onepu ki roto i ngā āputa i waenganui i ngā matūriki nui ake, ka whakakīia ngā āputa iti ake e te whakapiri sima, ā, ka kikī haere te puranga katoa i te wā e whakaranua ana. Kāore te rahinga o ngā kai maroke me te hua raima whakamutunga i te ōrite.
Mō ngā mahi mara māmā, he pai te whakaemi i ngā rahinga. Mō ngā mahi hangarau, mā te paunatia o ngā rauemi me te whai i te hoahoa ranunga kua whakaaetia ka pai ake te whakahaere. He taputapu whai hua te koko; ehara i te mea he taputapu whakaemi tika.
He mea nui tonu te uta i te raupapa me te wā whakaranu
Kia tika te rahi o te puranga, ko te mahi e whai ake nei ko te ōritetanga. Me ine ngā rauemi i te ara kotahi mai i te puranga ki te puranga, ā, me nui te wā e hiahiatia ana e te mīhini whakaranu hei tohatoha tika i te whakapiri sima puta noa i te kirikiri.
Ka rerekē te raupapa uta i runga i te hoahoa o te mīhini whakaranu me te āhua o te rauemi, nō reira he iti noa te painga o te kī he kotahi te raupapa e mahi ana mō ia mīhini. Ko te aratohu ACE mō me pēhea te whakaranu i te raima i roto i te mīhini whakaranu ka hipokina motuhaketia te tukanga whakahaere. Mena kei te tirotiro koe i te tere hurihuri me te wā whakaranu, ko te aratohu ki tere o te pūwero mīhini raima koia te tohutoro pai ake.
He tauira whai hua te raima kua oti te whakaranu hei whakaatu i te āta whakahaere i ngā tāpiringa wai tōmuri. E kī ana te NRMCA e hiahiatia ana e te ASTM C94/C94M kia 30 ngā hurihanga whakaranu anō i te tere whakaranu i muri i te tāpiringa o te wai, te ranunga rānei ki te papa mahi. E pā ana taua ture ki ngā taraka kua oti te whakaranu, ehara i te mea aunoa ki ngā whakaranu papa kawe, engari kei te mau tonu te akoranga matua: me whakaranu tonu te wai i tāpirihia i te mutunga puta noa i te puranga katoa.
Ngā Raru Puranga Noa e Kitea ana i te Pae
| Raruraru | Ngā Mea e Tūpono Ana | Huarahi Pai Ake |
|---|---|---|
| Kī tonu te pahu | He iti ake te wāhi e taea ai te taka i te rauemi | Kia mau ki roto i te kaha mahi kua whakaritea |
| Wai i tāpirihia e te kanohi | Ngā huringa tuturu o te w/cm mai i te puranga ki te puranga | Inehia te wai, tirohia hoki te makuku katoa |
| Ko te onepu mākū e kiia ana he maroke | Ka tomo mai te wai tāpiri, kāore e kitea | Whakatikatikahia te wai tāpiri ina rerekē te makuku i roto i te puranga |
| I mutu wawe rawa te whakaranu | Tērā pea ka noho kore taurite te puranga | Whāia ngā tohutohu a te mīhini, tirohia hoki te putanga o te wai |
| Kotahi te ranunga e whakamahia ana i ngā wāhi katoa | Kāore pea te raima e pai mō te mahi | Whāia ngā whakaritenga e hiahiatia ana |
| Hoko mai i ngā rita pahu anake | Tērā pea ka iti iho te putanga tūturu i te mea i tumanakohia | Whakatauritehia te kaha tuku me te wā huringa |
He aha ngā mea me tirotiro e te kaihoko i mua i te tono?
Tīmata ki te mahi. E hia te nui o te raima e hiahiatia ana kia whakatakotoria i te rā kotahi? E hia te rahi o ia puranga? Kei te wātea te hiko, kei te hiahiatia rānei te penehīni, te tīhiera rānei i te papa mahi? Ka taea te neke ngāwari i te mīhini whakaranu i waenga i ngā wāhi mahi?
Kātahi ka tirohia te mīhini tonu. Tirohia te kaha tuku, te whakaritenga o te mata, te hanganga o te pahu, te tuku, te anga, ngā wira me te urunga ratonga. Mō te waka reti, mō te kaihokohoko rānei, he rite te hiranga o ngā wāhanga e manawapa ki te utu hoko tuatahi. Ka iti ake te utu o te mīhini whakaranu iti ina toru wiki te roa o te taenga mai o te peera, te whitiki rānei.
Te ACE rārangi arowhai tirotiro mīhini whakaranu raima ka hipokina te taha miihini me te taipitopito atu. Ka taea hoki e ngā kaihoko e whakataurite ana i ngā taputapu pūkoro te whakamahi i te aratohu hoko mīhini whakaranu raima kawe .
Mēnā ka tono koe mō tētahi whakatau utu, tukuna mai te putanga puranga e tumanakohia ana, te momo raima, te pūtake hiko e wātea ana, te urunga ki te papa me te mahi o ia rā. Mā ēnei taipitopito ka hoatu he mea whai hua ki te kaiwhakarato hei mahi tahi. Ko te "Tukuna mai tō mīhini whakaranu nui rawa atu" kāore e pera i te nuinga o te wā.
Ngā Pātai Auau mō te Rahi o te Pūranga Whakaranu Konukuraiti
Ka taea e te mīhini whakaranu raima 350L te whakaputa i te 350L o te raima kua oti?
Kāore pea. Tērā pea ka whakaahuahia e te tatauranga 350L te rahinga o te pahu, tētahi atu kaha rānei kua whakatauhia. Tirohia te kaha whakaranu me te kaha tuku o te tauira i mua i te whakamahere i te whakaputanga.
He rite te rōrahi o te pahu ki te putanga raima?
Kāo. Ko te rōrahi o te pahu te wāhi tūturu i roto i te mīhini whakaranu. Me whai wāhi tonu ngā rauemi hei neke, nō reira ka iti ake te rahi o te puranga ka taea te whakamahi me te putanga kua oti.
He aha te ōwehenga ranunga raima pai rawa atu mō te mīhini whakaranu?
Kāore te mīhini whakaranu e whakatau i te ōwehenga. He pai pea ngā ranunga ingoa pēnei i te 1:2:3 hei tohutoro mara, engari me whai te raima hanganga i te kaha e hiahiatia ana, ngā tikanga whakaaturanga me te hoahoa ranunga kua whakaaetia.
Ka rerekē te nui o te wai e hiahiatia ana i te onepu mākū?
Āe. Ka uru te makuku mata kore utu i roto i te onepu ki roto i te wai whakaranu. Ki te kore e arohia, ka piki ake te w/cm tuturu ahakoa ka tāpirihia e te kaiwhakahaere te nui o te wai e rite ana ki te tikanga.
Me whiriwhiri e au he mīhini whakaranu 350L, 500L rānei?
Kōwhiria mai i te rahinga puranga e taea te whakamahi, te putanga o ia rā, te pūtake hiko, te rahi o te kapa, te kawe me te urunga ki te papa. Ka āwhina te akomanga rita ki te whakawhāiti i ngā kōwhiringa, engari kaua e waiho ko ia anake hei whakatau whakamutunga.
Ngā tohu: rahi puranga mīhini whakaranu raima, rōrahi mīhini whakaranu raima, ōwehenga mīhini whakaranu raima, mīhini whakaranu raima 350L, mīhini whakaranu raima 500L, ōwehenga tākai onepu sima, putanga mīhini whakaranu raima, kaha mīhini whakaranu raima, tākai raima, mīhini whakaranu raima kawe
