Me pēhea te tatau i te whakamahinga o te peita me te pirepire karāhe mō ngā tohu rori
Ka tīmata te tatau pono mō te whakamahinga peita mō ngā tohu rori ki te rohe ka whiwhi rauemi. Kāore e ranea te roa o te rori anake: kotahi kiromita o te rārangi totoka 100 mm, kotahi kiromita o te rārangi whati 150 mm me te whiti zebra, ka puta he wāhi peita rerekē.
Tātaihia te horahanga tohu i te tuatahi, hurihia hei peita, hei rahinga kirihou wera rānei, kātahi ka tātaihia ngā pirepire karāhe e taka ana. Tāpirihia he tahua hoko i muri i te tirotiro i te tono, i te aratohu a te kaiwhakarato, i ngā tuhinga pae kua manatokohia rānei. Kāore e taea e te tātaitai te whakaora i tētahi tauira rārangi hē; ka puta noa i te whakautu hē me te tino maia.
Tātaitai Peita Tohu Rori: Ngā Tātai Taketake e Whā
Horahanga kua tohua = roa rārangi × whānui rārangi × tauwehenga tohu
Te rahinga kirihou wera = te horahanga kua tohua × te tere rauemi kua tohua
Te rahinga o ngā pirepire karāhe = te horahanga kua tohua × te tere pirepire kua tohua
Te rahinga hoko = te rahinga kua tatauhia × te tauwehenga tahua kaupapa
Whakamahia ngā mita mō te roa me te whānui, kia 0.10 m te 100 mm. Mō te kirihou wera, whakamahia te tere kg/m² kua whakaputaina, tātaihia rānei te papatipu mai i te matotoru me te mātotoru. Mō te peita matao wai, whakamahia te matotoru kiriata mākū, ngā raraunga kapinga rānei a te kaihanga.
Hipanga 1: Tātaihia te Rohe Tohu Tuturu
Ngā Raina Mārō me ngā Raina Pītiti
Ko te rārangi totoka 1,000 m te whānui, 100 mm te whānui, e kapi ana i te 1,000 × 0.10 = 100 m² . Me whai tohu te rārangi pītiti. Mēnā he 3 m te peita e whai ake nei, ā, he āputa 6 m te roa, ko te tauwehenga he 3 ÷ 9, arā, 0.333. Nō reira, ko te ara 1,000 m me te rārangi whati 150 mm te roa e kapi ana i te 1,000 × 0.15 × 0.333 = 50 m² . Mā te kore aro ki ngā āputa ka toru ake te raupapa, koinei tētahi huarahi hei whakamahara i tō ingoa ki te kaiwhakahaere whare putunga.
Ngā Whakawhiti, Ngā Pere me Ngā Tohu
Tātaihia ngā whiti zebra, ngā rārangi aukati me ngā wāhi waka mai i ō rātou āhua peita. Tekau mā rua ngā pae whiti e 4 m te whānui, 0.5 m te whānui, e kapi ana i te 24 m² . Mō ngā pere me ngā reta, whakamahia te horahanga polygon peita mai i te tuhi CAD nā te mea kei roto i te tapawhā hāngai ngā wāhi kāore anō kia peitahia.
Hipanga 2: Tātaihia te Whakamahinga Peita mō te Tohu Rori
Te Whakamahinga Peita Tohu Rori Thermoplastic
Ko te whakatau tata kaha rawa atu ka whakamahi i te reiti kua tohua mō te rauemi kua tīpakohia. Ka whakaputa a SWARCO i tētahi pūnaha SWARCOTHERM 30 kua whakamatautauria i te matotoru paparanga 2.0 mm me te 4.00 kg/m² o te kirihou wera me te 0.35 kg/m² o te rauemi maturuturu . Mō te 100 m², he rite tēnā ki te 400 kg me te 35 kg i mua i tētahi tahua kaupapa. Nō taua pūnaha hua ēnei tatauranga, nō reira whakamahia tētahi atu pepa raraunga rauemi ina rerekē te hanganga, te matotoru rānei.
| Tauira tohu | Wāhi peita | Te kirihou wera i te 4.00 kg/m² | Rauemi maturuturu i te 0.35 kg/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rārangi totoka 1 kiromita, whānui 100 mm | 100 m² | 400 kirokaramu | 35 kirokaramu |
| Rārangi pūmau 1 kiromita, whānui 150 mm, tauira 3 m/6 m | 50 m² | 200 kirokaramu | 17.5 kirokaramu |
| 12 ngā pae whakawhiti, 4 m × 0.5 m | 24 m² | 96 kirokaramu | 8.4 kirokaramu |
E whakamahi ana ēnei tātaitanga i ngā reiti tono SWARCOTHERM 30 kua whakaputaina. Ehara i te mea he reiti whānui ēnei mō ngā hua kirihou wera katoa.
Peita Wai-Tuhinga me te Peita Matao
Mō te peita wai, kotahi rita te rahinga e hiahiatia ana mō te kotahi mita pūrua me te matotoru o te kiriata mākū o te 1 mm. Whakamahia te rōrahi peita = horahanga × matotoru o te kiriata mākū . Mēnā ko te matotoru o te kiriata maroke anake te mea kua tohua, whakamahia te matotoru o te kiriata mākū = matotoru o te kiriata maroke ÷ rōrahi o ngā totoka .
Me whakamahi he kiriata mākū 0.50 mm te matotoru o te peita, arā, 50 rita i roto i te 100 m², hei hanga i tētahi kiriata maroke 0.30 mm mai i te peita kei roto ko te 60% o ngā matū totoka. Whakakapia te 60% ki te uara e whakaaturia ana i roto i te pepa raraunga hangarau o te peita kua tīpakohia, kaua e tango i tētahi tau e wātea ana mai i tētahi atu hua.
Hipanga 3: Tātaihia te Whakamahinga o ngā Pīra Karāhe
Ko te whakatakotoranga kaupapa te mea nui ake i te auau o ngā pirepire whānui. E ai ki te FHWA, ko te auau o ngā pirepire taka-whakarewa kirihou kei waenga i te 6–12 pauna mō ia 100 ft² , tata ki te 0.29–0.59 kg/m² . Mō te 100 m², e tohu ana tēnei i te 29–59 kg. E ai ki te FHWA, ka ngaro ngā pirepire taikaha nā te nui rawa o te rehu, nā te kore rānei e whakaurua, nō reira, kāore te nui o te hopper e pau ana i te rite ki te nui e puritia ana i roto i te raina.
| Wāhi peita | I te 0.29 kg/m² | I te 0.35 kg/m² | I te 0.59 kg/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| 50 m² | 14.5 kirokaramu | 17.5 kirokaramu | 29.5 kirokaramu |
| 100 m² | 29 kirokaramu | 35 kirokaramu | 59 kirokaramu |
| 500 m² | 145 kirokaramu | 175 kirokaramu | 295 kirokaramu |
Ko te taumaha o ngā pirepire he wāhanga noa iho o te tirotiro mahi. E whakamārama ana a FHWA ka whai hua ngā pirepire porowhita ina whakauruhia te 50%–60% o tōna whānui ki roto i te tohu. Ka taea e ngā pirepire e noho teitei rawa ana te tuku i raro i te waka, engari ko ngā pirepire e tanumia hohonu rawa ana ka iti ake te mata e kitea ana e te mārama o te rama o mua. Whakamahia he rīpene whakatikatika hei tirotiro i te whānui o te rārangi, te tohatoha o ngā pirepire me te whakaurunga, kaua ko te mea anake mēnā ka puta te rauemi i te pouaka.
He aha te Matotoru ka taea ai te huri nui i te raupapa
E tohu ana a NCDOT i te 90 mils, tata ki te 2.29 mm , mō ngā rārangi pokapū, ngā rārangi pekepeke, ngā whiti, ngā rārangi taha me ngā pere. Ko ngā tohu rīpene haruru whakawhiti kua tohua ki te 240 mils, tata ki te 6.10 mm . I runga i te wāhi peita kotahi, kei roto i te kōtaha 240 mil te 2.67 ngā wā o te rōrahi rauemi o te tohu 90 mil i mua i te whakaaro ki te kiato me ngā ngaronga o te pae.
| Tauira tohu NCDOT | Te matotoru kua tohua | Te rahinga rauemi neke atu i te 100 m² | rōrahi whanaunga |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rārangi pokapū, whitinga ara, pere rānei | 90 miriona / 2.29 mm | Tata ki te 229 rita | 1.00 |
| Tohu rīpene haruru whakawhiti | 240 miri / 6.10 mm | Tata ki te 610 rita | 2.67 |
Koia te take kāore he whakautu whānui mō te "peita e hiahiatia ana mō ia kiromita". Me mōhio katoa ki te whānui, te ōwehenga rārangi whati, te matotoru, te kiato me te horahanga tohu. Whakamāramahia te kakano o te mata, te mahi tīmatanga-mutu me ngā rauemi e toe ana i roto i ngā kohua, i ngā hu rānei, kātahi ka whakamāramahia tētahi wāhanga o te āputa i waenga i te hua ariā me te rekoata whakamutunga. Whakamahia he tauwehenga mate ine mai i te mahi rite, kaua e hanga i tētahi whakaaetanga whānui.
Tirohia te Rahi o ngā Rauemi ki te Kaha o te Mīhini
Me whakaoti te tātaitanga me tētahi mahere uta mahi. Kotahi te kirihou wera ACE mīhini tohu rori e whakarārangihia ana he tāke whakaoho 105 kg , he pouaka pirepire karāhe 25 kg me te whānuitanga paninga whakarerekē o te 1.2–4 mm. Nō reira, ko te tauira raina totoka 1 km e hiahia ana kia whā ngā kawenga tāke kirihou wera me ngā kawenga pouaka pirepire e rua i mua i te whakamana i tētahi whakaaetanga kaupapa.
Ka whakarerekē te tauine mīhini i te mahere. E hiahiatia ana e te NCDOT kia kawe ngā waka tohu raina roa i te iti rawa 1,500 pauna, tata ki te 680 kg , o te kirihou wera rewa i roto i te ipu rokiroki taputapu. Kāore taua whakaritenga e pā ki te raina ringaringa, engari e whakaatu ana he aha te take e hiahiatia ai he whakaritenga rewa me te whakakī anō i ngā mahi tapahi huarahi me te whakawhiti poto.
Rārangi Arowhai Whakatau Tatau Rauemi Tohu Rori
I mua i te tono, whakaūhia te wāhi peita, te tauira rārangi, te whānui, te matotoru, te pepa raraunga rauemi, te momo piripiri karāhe, te tere tono, te rahi o te kete me te kaha o te mīhini. Puritia ngā piripiri kua whakaranua me ngā piripiri taka-ake hei taonga motuhake. Hei whakamutunga, whakatairitehia te rārangi kua tāutahia ki te whakaritenga whakaata whakamuri o te kaupapa nā te mea he whakaurunga te taumaha piripiri kua tatauhia, ehara i te hua whakaae.
Hei paearu mana, e hiahiatia ana e te NCDOT kia 375 mcd/lux/m² te iti rawa mō te mā , me te 250 mcd/lux/m² mō ngā tohu kirihou kōwhai e whakamahi ana i ngā pirepire karāhe paerewa. Mō ngā pāpāho whakaata-rahi, ka piki ake ngā uara e rite ana ki te 800 me te 600 mcd/lux/m². Nō reira, ka taea e te kaitātari te tuku i te taumaha kua whakaritea, ā, ka puta tonu he raina kāore e whakaaetia ina hē te tohatoha pirepire, te whakauru rānei.
Ngā Pātai Auau
E hia te nui o te peita kirihou wera e hiahiatia ana mō ia mita pūrua?
Whakamahia te tere kua tohua mō te hua kua tīpakohia me te matotoru o te paparanga. Hei tauira kua whakaputaina, ka whakamahia e SWARCOTHERM 30 te 4.00 kg/m² i te 2.0 mm.
E hia te nui o te kirihou wera e hiahiatia ana mō te 1 km o te aho totoka 100 mm?
Ko te rahinga o te wāhi peita he 100 m². I te 4.00 kg/m², ko te rahinga kirihou whakamahana ariā he 400 kg i mua i te tahua motuhake mō te kaupapa.
E hia ngā pirepire karāhe e hiahiatia ana mō ia mita pūrua?
Whāia ngā whakaritenga o te kirimana. E ai ki te FHWA, ko te whānuitanga o te maturuturunga iho o te pāmahana kirihou he tata ki te 0.29–0.59 kg/m².
Me whakauru rānei ngā pirepire kua whakaranua ki roto i te tātaitanga maturuturu?
Kāo. Kei roto i te ranunga tohu ngā pirepire kua whakaranua, ā, ka pania ngā pirepire maturuturu ki te mata o te rori. Whakarārangihia, ka hokona motuhaketia.
