Momwe Mungawerengere Utoto Wolembera Misewu ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mikanda ya Magalasi
Kuwerengera kodalirika kwa utoto wolembedwa pamsewu kumayamba ndi malo omwe adzalandire zinthuzo. Kutalika kwa msewu kokha sikokwanira: kilomita imodzi ya mzere wolimba wa 100 mm, kilomita imodzi ya mzere wosweka wa 150 mm ndi msewu wodutsa zebra zonse zimapanga malo osiyanasiyana ojambulidwa.
Yerekezerani kaye malo olembera, musinthe kukhala utoto kapena kuchuluka kwa thermoplastic, kenako muwerengere mikanda yagalasi yotsika. Onjezani ndalama zogulira pokhapokha mutayang'ana zolemba zamtengo wapatali, malangizo a ogulitsa kapena zolemba zotsimikizika za malo. Chowerengera sichingapulumutse mawonekedwe olakwika a mzere; chidzangopereka yankho lolakwika ndi chidaliro chodabwitsa.
Chowerengera cha Utoto Wolembera Misewu: Mafomula Anayi Oyambira
Malo olembedwa = kutalika kwa mzere × m'lifupi mwa mzere × chizindikiro cholembera
Kuchuluka kwa thermoplastic = malo olembedwa × kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zatchulidwa
Kuchuluka kwa mikanda yagalasi = malo olembedwa × kuchuluka kwa mikanda yotchulidwa
Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zagulidwa = kuchuluka komwe kwawerengedwa × gawo la ndalama zomwe zaperekedwa pa ntchito
Gwiritsani ntchito mamita kuti mupeze kutalika ndi m'lifupi, kotero 100 mm imakhala 0.10 m. Pa thermoplastic, gwiritsani ntchito chiŵerengero cha kg/m² chofalitsidwa kapena kuwerengera kulemera kuchokera ku makulidwe ndi kuchulukana. Pa utoto wozizira wamadzimadzi, gwiritsani ntchito makulidwe a filimu yonyowa kapena deta yokhudza zomwe wopanga amapanga.
Gawo 1: Werengani Malo Enieni Olembera Zizindikiro
Mizere Yolimba ndi Yodulidwa
Mzere wolimba wa mamita 1,000 womwe uli ndi mulifupi wa 100 mm umaphimba 1,000 × 0.10 = 100 m² . Mzere wodulidwa umafunika chizindikiro. Ndi utoto wa mamita 3 wotsatiridwa ndi mpata wa mamita 6, chizindikirocho ndi 3 ÷ 9, kapena 0.333. Njira ya mamita 1,000 yokhala ndi mzere wosweka wa 150 mm imaphimba 1,000 × 0.15 × 0.333 = 50 m² . Kunyalanyaza mipatayo kungapangitse dongosololi kuchulukitsa katatu, yomwe ndi njira imodzi yopangitsa woyang'anira nyumba yosungiramo katundu kukumbukira dzina lanu.
Mizere, Mivi ndi Zizindikiro
Werengerani malo odutsira anthu a zebra, malo oimika magalimoto ndi malo oimika magalimoto kuchokera ku mawonekedwe awo ojambulidwa. Mipiringidzo khumi ndi iwiri yodutsira anthu yotalika mamita 4 ndi 0.5 m iphimbe 24 m² . Pa mivi ndi zilembo, gwiritsani ntchito malo ojambulidwa a polygon kuchokera pachithunzi cha CAD chifukwa mzere wozungulira uli ndi malo osapakidwa utoto.
Gawo 2: Kuwerengera Kugwiritsa Ntchito Utoto Wolembera Misewu
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Utoto Wolembera Misewu wa Thermoplastic
Kuyerekeza kwamphamvu kwambiri kumagwiritsa ntchito mtengo wotchulidwa wa zinthu zomwe zasankhidwa. SWARCO imafalitsa dongosolo loyesedwa la SWARCOTHERM 30 pa makulidwe a 2.0 mm okhala ndi 4.00 kg/m² ya thermoplastic ndi 0.35 kg/m² ya zinthu zotayira . Pa 100 m², zimenezo zikufanana ndi 400 kg ndi 35 kg motsatana musanapereke ndalama zilizonse za polojekiti. Ziwerengerozi ndi za dongosolo la zinthuzo, choncho gwiritsani ntchito pepala lina la deta ya zinthu pamene kapangidwe kapena makulidwe asintha.
| Kulemba zitsanzo | Malo ojambulidwa | Thermoplastic pa 4.00 kg/m² | Zinthu zotayira pa 0.35 kg/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mzere wolimba wa 1 km, m'lifupi mwake 100 mm | 100 m² | makilogalamu 400 | makilogalamu 35 |
| Mzere wozungulira wa 1 km, mulifupi mwake 150 mm, mawonekedwe a 3 m/6 m | 50 m² | makilogalamu 200 | makilogalamu 17.5 |
| Mipiringidzo 12 yowolokera, 4 m × 0.5 m | 24 m² | makilogalamu 96 | 8.4 makilogalamu |
Mawerengedwe awa amagwiritsa ntchito mitengo yogwiritsidwa ntchito ya SWARCOTHERM 30 yofalitsidwa. Si mitengo yogwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi pa chinthu chilichonse cha thermoplastic.
Utoto Wochokera M'madzi ndi Wozizira
Pa utoto wamadzimadzi, mita imodzi ya sikweya pa makulidwe a filimu yonyowa ya 1 mm imafuna lita imodzi. Gwiritsani ntchito kuchuluka kwa utoto = dera × makulidwe a filimu yonyowa . Ngati makulidwe a filimu youma okha ndi omwe atchulidwa, gwiritsani ntchito makulidwe a filimu yonyowa = makulidwe a filimu yonyowa ÷ kuchuluka kwa zolimba .
Filimu youma ya 0.30 mm yochokera ku utoto wokhala ndi zinthu zolimba za 60% imafuna filimu yonyowa ya 0.50 mm, kapena malita 50 pa 100 m². Sinthani 60% ndi mtengo womwe wawonetsedwa mu pepala laukadaulo la utoto wosankhidwa m'malo mobwereka nambala yabwino kuchokera ku chinthu china.
Gawo 3: Yerekezerani Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mikanda ya Magalasi
Mafotokozedwe a polojekitiyi ndi ofunika kwambiri kuposa kuchuluka kwa mikanda wamba. FHWA ikunena kuti kuchuluka kwa mikanda yotsika ya thermoplastic nthawi zambiri kumakhala pakati pa 6–12 lb pa 100 ft² , pafupifupi 0.29–0.59 kg/m² . Pa 100 m², izi zikuyimira pafupifupi 29–59 kg. FHWA ikunenanso kuti mikanda yochulukirapo imatayika chifukwa cha kupopera kwambiri kapena kulephera kuyika, kotero kugwiritsa ntchito hopper sikofanana ndi kuchuluka komwe kumasungidwa pamzere.
| Malo ojambulidwa | Pa 0.29 kg/m² | Pa 0.35 kg/m² | Pa 0.59 kg/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| 50 m² | makilogalamu 14.5 | makilogalamu 17.5 | makilogalamu 29.5 |
| 100 m² | makilogalamu 29 | makilogalamu 35 | makilogalamu 59 |
| 500 m² | makilogalamu 145 | makilogalamu 175 | makilogalamu 295 |
Kulemera kwa mikanda ndi gawo limodzi chabe la kuyesa momwe zinthu zilili. FHWA ikufotokoza kuti mikanda yozungulira imagwira ntchito bwino pamene pafupifupi 50%–60% ya mainchesi awo aikidwa mu chizindikiro. Mikanda yomwe ili pamwamba kwambiri imatha kutulutsidwa pansi pa magalimoto, pomwe mikanda yobisika kwambiri imawonetsa malo ochepa ku kuwala kwa nyali. Gwiritsani ntchito mzere woyezera kuti muwone m'lifupi mwa mzere, kufalikira kwa mikanda ndi kuyikamo, osati kungowona ngati zinthuzo zatuluka m'bokosi.
Chifukwa Chake Kunenepa Kungasinthe Dongosolo Modabwitsa
NCDOT imatchula ma miles 90, pafupifupi 2.29 mm , pa mizere yapakati, mizere yodumphadumpha, malo odutsa anthu oyenda pansi, mizere ya m'mphepete ndi mivi. Zizindikiro za transverse rumble-strip zimatchulidwa pa ma miles 240, pafupifupi 6.10 mm . Pamalo omwewo ojambulidwa, mbiri ya ma miles 240 ili ndi pafupifupi nthawi 2.67 kuposa kuchuluka kwa zinthu za ma miles 90 mil musanaganizidwe kuchuluka ndi kutayika kwa malo.
| Chitsanzo cha zizindikiro za NCDOT | Kunenepa kotchulidwa | Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zopitilira 100 m² | Voliyumu yoyerekeza |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mzere wapakati, wodutsa anthu oyenda pansi kapena muvi | 90 mil / 2.29 mm | Pafupifupi malita 229 | 1.00 |
| Chizindikiro cha mzere wozungulira | 240 mil / 6.10 mm | Pafupifupi malita 610 | 2.67 |
Ichi ndichifukwa chake "utoto wofunikira pa kilomita" ulibe yankho la onse. M'lifupi, chiŵerengero cha mizere yosweka, makulidwe, kuchulukana ndi malo a chizindikiro ziyenera kudziwika. Kapangidwe ka pamwamba, ntchito yoyambira ndi kuyimitsa ndi zinthu zomwe zatsala m'maketulo kapena nsapato ndiye fotokozani gawo la kusiyana pakati pa zotsatira za chiphunzitso ndi mbiri yomaliza. Gwiritsani ntchito chinthu choyezedwa cha kutayika kuchokera ku ntchito yofanana m'malo mopanga ndalama zolipirira zonse.
Onani Kuchuluka kwa Zinthu Poyerekeza ndi Kuchuluka kwa Makina
Kuwerengera kuyenera kutha ndi dongosolo lothandiza lokwezera katundu. Chida chimodzi cha ACE thermoplastic makina olembera msewu Ili ndi thanki yosakaniza yolemera makilogalamu 105 , bokosi la mikanda yagalasi yolemera makilogalamu 25 ndi utoto wosinthika wa 1.2–4 mm. Chifukwa chake, chitsanzo cha mzere wolimba wa 1 km chingafunike pafupifupi mikanda inayi ya thanki ya thermoplastic ndi mikanda iwiri ya mabokosi a mikanda musanapereke ndalama zotsimikizika za polojekiti.
Sikelo ya makina imasintha dongosolo. NCDOT imafuna magalimoto okhala ndi mizere yayitali kuti anyamule osachepera 1,500 lb, pafupifupi 680 kg , ya thermoplastic yosungunuka mu ketulo yosungiramo zida. Chofunikira chimenecho sichikugwira ntchito pa chogwirira ntchito, koma chikuwonetsa chifukwa chake mizere ya msewu ndi ntchito yodutsa yaifupi zimafunikira njira zosiyanasiyana zosungunulira ndi kudzazanso.
Mndandanda Wowerengera Zinthu Zosonyeza Zizindikiro za Msewu
Musanayitanitse, tsimikizirani malo ojambulidwa, mawonekedwe a mzere, m'lifupi, makulidwe, pepala la deta ya zinthu, mtundu wa mikanda yagalasi, kuchuluka kwa ntchito, kukula kwa phukusi ndi mphamvu ya makina. Sungani mikanda yosakanizidwa kale ndi mikanda yotayidwa ngati zinthu zosiyana. Pomaliza, yerekezerani mzere woyikidwa ndi zofunikira za retroreflectivity ya polojekitiyi chifukwa kulemera kwa mikanda yowerengedwa ndi gawo, osati zotsatira zovomerezeka.
Monga muyezo umodzi wovomerezeka, NCDOT imafuna osachepera 375 mcd/lux/m² pa zoyera ndi 250 mcd/lux/m² pa zizindikiro zachikasu za thermoplastic pogwiritsa ntchito mikanda yagalasi yokhazikika. Pazowunikira kwambiri, mitengo yofanana imawonjezeka kufika pa 800 ndi 600 mcd/lux/m². Chifukwa chake, choperekera zinthu chingapereke kulemera komwe kwakonzedweratu ndikupangabe mzere wosavomerezeka pamene kugawa kapena kuyika mikanda sikuli bwino.
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri
Kodi utoto wochuluka bwanji wa thermoplastic umafunika pa mita imodzi?
Gwiritsani ntchito mlingo womwe wafotokozedwa pa chinthu chomwe mwasankha komanso makulidwe a zigawo. Monga chitsanzo chimodzi chofalitsidwa, SWARCOTHERM 30 imagwiritsa ntchito 4.00 kg/m² pa 2.0 mm.
Kodi thermoplastic yochuluka bwanji ikufunika pa 1 km ya mzere wolimba wa 100 mm?
Malo ojambulidwa ndi 100 m². Pa 4.00 kg/m², kuchuluka kwa thermoplastic komwe kumapangidwa ndi lingaliro la thermoplastic ndi 400 kg musanapereke ndalama zinazake za polojekiti.
Kodi mikanda ingati yagalasi ikufunika pa mita imodzi?
Tsatirani zomwe zafotokozedwa mu mgwirizano. FHWA ikunena kuti thermoplastic imataya mphamvu pakati pa 0.29–0.59 kg/m².
Kodi mikanda yosakanizidwa iyenera kuphatikizidwa mu kuwerengera koyambira?
Ayi. Mikanda yosakanizidwa bwino imakhala mu cholembera, pomwe mikanda yotayira imayikidwa pamwamba pa msewu. Lembani mndandanda ndikugula padera.
