Yadda Ake Lissafin Amfani da Fentin Alama na Hanya da Beads na Gilashi
Lissafin amfani da fenti mai inganci yana farawa ne da yankin da za a karɓi kayan. Tsawon hanya kaɗai bai isa ba: kilomita ɗaya na layin ƙarfe mai kauri mm 100, kilomita ɗaya na layin karya mm 150 da kuma hanyar ketare zebra duk suna samar da wurare daban-daban da aka fenti.
Da farko, ƙididdige yankin alama, mayar da shi zuwa fenti ko adadin thermoplastic, sannan a ƙididdige ƙwallan gilashi da aka sauke. Ƙara izinin siye ne kawai bayan an duba jagorar mai bayarwa, ko kuma bayanan wurin da aka tabbatar. Kalkuleta ba zai iya ceton tsarin layi mara daidai ba; zai samar da amsar da ba daidai ba tare da kwarin gwiwa mai ban mamaki.
Kalkuleta na Fentin Alama a Hanya: Tsarin Dabara Huɗu na Asali
Yankin da aka yiwa alama = tsawon layi × faɗin layi × ma'aunin alama
Yawan thermoplastic = yanki mai alama × ƙimar kayan da aka ƙayyade
Adadin gilashin bead = yanki mai alama × ƙimar bead da aka ƙayyade
Yawan siyayya = adadi da aka ƙididdige × ma'aunin izinin aiki
Yi amfani da mita don tsayi da faɗi, don haka 100 mm ya zama 0.10 m. Don thermoplastic, yi amfani da ƙimar kg/m² da aka buga ko ƙididdige nauyi daga kauri da yawa. Don fenti mai sanyi na ruwa, yi amfani da kauri mai launin ruwan kasa ko bayanan murfin masana'anta.
Mataki na 1: Lissafa Ainihin Yankin Alama
Layuka Masu Ƙarfi da Kaifi
Layin da aka yi da kauri mai tsawon mita 1,000 wanda faɗinsa ya kai milimita 100 ya rufe 1,000 × 0.10 = 100 m² . Layin da aka yi da kauri yana buƙatar alamar alama. Idan aka yi amfani da fenti mai tsawon mita 3 sannan aka bi shi da rata mai tsawon mita 6, ma'aunin shine 3 ÷ 9, ko 0.333. Hanya mai tsawon mita 1,000 tare da layin da ya karye na milimita 150, don haka ya rufe 1,000 × 0.15 × 0.333 = 50 m² . Yin watsi da gibin zai ninka tsari sau uku, wanda hakan hanya ce ta sa manajan rumbun ajiya ya tuna sunanka.
Ketare-ketare, Kibiyoyi da Alamomi
Lissafin wuraren da aka yi wa zare, layukan tsayawa da wuraren ajiye motoci daga tsarin da aka zana. Sandunan ketarewa goma sha biyu masu girman mita 4 da mita 0.5 sun rufe murabba'in mita 24. Don kibiyoyi da haruffa, yi amfani da yankin polygon da aka zana daga zanen CAD saboda murabba'in da ke kewaye ya ƙunshi wurare marasa fenti.
Mataki na 2: Lissafa Amfani da Fentin Alama a Hanya
Amfani da Fentin Alamar Hanya na Thermoplastic
Mafi ƙarfi kimantawa yana amfani da ƙimar da aka ƙayyade don kayan da aka zaɓa. SWARCO ta buga tsarin SWARCOTHERM 30 da aka gwada a kauri mai girman 2.0 mm tare da 4.00 kg/m² na thermoplastic da 0.35 kg/m² na kayan da aka sauke . A kan 100 m², wannan yayi daidai da 400 kg da 35 kg bi da bi kafin kowane izinin aiki. Waɗannan alkaluma suna cikin tsarin samfurin, don haka yi amfani da wani takardar bayanai na kayan lokacin da tsari ko kauri suka canza.
| Misalin alamar | Wurin da aka fenti | Na'urar thermoplastic a 4.00 kg/m² | Kayan da aka sauke a 0.35 kg/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| Layin mai ƙarfi kilomita 1, faɗin mm 100 | 100 sq | 400 kg | 35 kg |
| Layin da aka yi da'ira mai tsawon kilomita 1, faɗin mm 150, tsarin mita 3/mita 6 | 50 sq | 200 kg | 17.5 kg |
| Sandunan giciye guda 12, mita 4 × 0.5 | 24 murabba'i | 96 kg | 8.4 kg |
Waɗannan lissafin suna amfani da ƙimar aikace-aikacen SWARCOTHERM 30 da aka buga. Ba ƙimar gama gari ba ce ga kowane samfurin thermoplastic.
Fenti Mai Ruwa da Sanyi
Ga fenti mai ruwa, murabba'in mita ɗaya a kauri mai ruwa na 1 mm yana buƙatar lita ɗaya a ka'ida. Yi amfani da girman fenti = yanki × kauri mai ruwa . Idan aka ƙayyade kauri mai ruwa kawai, yi amfani da kauri mai ruwa = kauri mai ruwa ÷ girman daskararru .
Fim ɗin busasshe na 0.30 mm daga fenti mai ɗauke da ƙarfi mai girman 60% yana buƙatar fim ɗin rigar da aka yi da ka'ida mai girman 0.50 mm, ko kuma lita 50 sama da murabba'in mita 100. A maye gurbin 60% da ƙimar da aka nuna a cikin takardar bayanai ta fasaha ta fenti da aka zaɓa maimakon aron lamba mai dacewa daga wani samfuri.
Mataki na 3: Lissafa Yawan Amfani da Gilashin Bead
Bayanin aikin ya fi fifiko fiye da ƙimar beads na gama gari. FHWA ta ba da rahoton cewa ƙimar beads na thermoplastic yawanci ya kama daga 6-12 lb a kowace 100 ft² , kimanin 0.29-0.59 kg/m² . A kan 100 m², wannan yana wakiltar kimanin kilogiram 29-59. FHWA ta kuma lura cewa ana asarar beads da suka wuce kima ta hanyar feshi ko rashin shigar da su, don haka yawan hopper ba iri ɗaya bane da adadin da aka ajiye a cikin layin.
| Wurin da aka fenti | A 0.29 kg/m² | A 0.35 kg/m² | A 0.59 kg/m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| 50 sq | 14.5 kg | 17.5 kg | 29.5 kg |
| 100 sq | 29 kg | 35 kg | 59 kg |
| 500 sq | 145 kg | 175 kg | 295 kg |
Nauyin bead wani ɓangare ne kawai na duba aikin. FHWA ta bayyana cewa beads masu siffar ƙwallo suna aiki yadda ya kamata lokacin da aka saka kusan 50%–60% na diamitarsu a cikin alamar. Beads da ke zaune a sama da yawa na iya fitowa a ƙarƙashin cunkoson ababen hawa, yayin da beads da aka binne sosai suna fallasa ƙasa da saman zuwa hasken fitilar kai. Yi amfani da tsiri na daidaitawa don duba faɗin layi, rarraba beads da kuma sanya su, ba kawai ko kayan sun fita daga akwatin ba.
Dalilin da yasa Kauri Zai Iya Canza Tsarin Da Ya Kamata
NCDOT ta ƙayyade mil 90, kimanin mm 2.29 , don layukan tsakiya, layukan tsallake-tsallake, hanyoyin ketare hanya, layukan gefe da kibiyoyi. An ƙayyade alamun rabe-raben juzu'i a mil 240, kimanin mm 6.10 . A kan wannan yanki da aka fentin, bayanin martabar mil 240 ya ƙunshi kusan sau 2.67 na girman alamar mil 90 kafin a yi la'akari da yawan da asarar wurin.
| Misalin alamar NCDOT | Kauri da aka ƙayyade | Girman kayan abu sama da 100 m² | Girman dangi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Layin tsakiya, hanyar ketare hanya ko kibiya | Mil 90 / 2.29 mm | Kimanin lita 229 | 1.00 |
| Alamar raƙumi mai ratsawa | Mil 240 / 6.10 mm | Kimanin lita 610 | 2.67 |
Shi ya sa "fenti da ake buƙata a kowace kilomita" ba shi da amsa ta duniya baki ɗaya. Dole ne a san faɗinsa, rabon layin da ya karye, kauri, yawa da yankin alama. Tsarin saman, aikin farawa da kayan da aka bari a cikin kettles ko takalma sannan a bayyana wani ɓangare na tazara tsakanin sakamakon ka'ida da rikodin ƙarshe. Yi amfani da ma'aunin asarar da aka auna daga aikin da aka kwatanta maimakon ƙirƙirar izinin duniya baki ɗaya.
Duba Yawan Kayan Aiki Dangane da Ƙarfin Inji
Ya kamata lissafin ya ƙare da tsarin lodi mai amfani. Ɗaya daga cikin na'urorin thermoplastic na ACE na'urar alamar hanya ya lissafa tankin juyawa mai nauyin kilogiram 105 , akwatin gilashin bead mai nauyin kilogiram 25 da kuma kewayon rufewa mai daidaitawa na milimita 1.2-4. Saboda haka, misalin layin solid mai tsawon kilomita 1 zai buƙaci kimanin nauyin tanki mai thermoplastic guda huɗu da nauyin akwatin bead guda biyu kafin a tabbatar da duk wani izinin aiki.
Tsarin injina ya canza tsarin. NCDOT yana buƙatar motocin da ke da layin dogon layi su ɗauki aƙalla lb 1,500, kimanin kilogiram 680 , na narkakken thermoplastic a cikin tukunyar ajiya ta mai amfani da na'urar. Wannan buƙatar ba ta shafi mai sarrafa kaya ba, amma yana nuna dalilin da yasa aikin layin babbar hanya da kuma aikin ketare hanya ke buƙatar shirye-shiryen narkewa da cikawa daban-daban.
Jerin Abubuwan da Aka Kimanta na Alamar Hanya
Kafin yin oda, tabbatar da yankin da aka fentin, tsarin layi, faɗi, kauri, takardar bayanai na kayan aiki, nau'in beads ɗin gilashi, ƙimar aikace-aikacen, girman fakitin da ƙarfin injin. Ajiye beads ɗin da aka haɗa da beads ɗin da aka sauke a matsayin abubuwa daban-daban. A ƙarshe, kwatanta layin da aka shigar da buƙatar sake nuna aikin saboda nauyin beads da aka ƙididdige shigarwa ne, ba sakamakon karɓa ba.
A matsayin wani ma'auni na hukuma, NCDOT yana buƙatar aƙalla 375 mcd/lux/m² don fari da 250 mcd/lux/m² don alamun thermoplastic masu launin rawaya ta amfani da beads na gilashi na yau da kullun. Don kafofin watsa labarai masu haske sosai, ƙimar da ta dace tana ƙaruwa zuwa 800 da 600 mcd/lux/m². Saboda haka, na'urar rarrabawa za ta iya isar da nauyin da aka tsara kuma har yanzu tana samar da layi mara karɓuwa idan rarraba beads ko saka beads ba daidai ba ne.
Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi
Nawa ne ake buƙatar fenti mai amfani da thermoplastic a kowace murabba'in mita?
Yi amfani da ƙimar da aka bayyana don samfurin da aka zaɓa da kauri na yadudduka. A matsayin misali ɗaya da aka buga, SWARCOTHERM 30 yana amfani da 4.00 kg/m² a 2.0 mm.
Nawa ake buƙata don layin thermoplastic mai tsawon kilomita 1 na 100 mm?
Yankin da aka fentin shine 100 m². A 4.00 kg/m², adadin thermoplastic na ka'idar shine 400 kg kafin izinin takamaiman aikin.
Ana buƙatar adadin gilashin beads nawa a kowace murabba'in mita?
Bi ƙa'idodin kwangilar. FHWA ta ba da rahoton yawan ruwan zafi na thermoplastic wanda ya kai kimanin 0.29–0.59 kg/m².
Shin ya kamata a haɗa ƙwai da aka haɗa a cikin lissafin saukewa?
A'a. Ana amfani da duwawu masu hade a cikin mahaɗin alama, yayin da ake amfani da duwawu masu saukewa a saman hanya. A lissafa su kuma a saya su daban.
