Kampani yogulitsa zida zomangira yomwe yakhala ikupereka mayankho a makina omangira kwa zaka 30.
Chilankhulo
Kampani yogulitsa zida zomangira yomwe yakhala ikupereka mayankho a makina omangira kwa zaka 30.
Chosakaniza simenti chingawoneke chosavuta, koma njira yosakaniza ndi yaukadaulo kuposa momwe ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri amayembekezera. Makinawa samangozungulira zinthu mkati mwa ng'oma. Ntchito yake yeniyeni ndikunyamula, kugwetsa ndi kupinditsa simenti, mchenga, kuphatikiza ndi madzi mpaka gulu lonse litafanana komanso logwira ntchito. Ichi ndichifukwa chake anthu amafufuza osati momwe chosakaniza simenti chimagwirira ntchito , komanso momwe chosakaniza simenti chimagwirira ntchito . Pa ntchito yeniyeni ya malo, mafunso awiriwa amatanthauza chinthu chomwecho. Ogwiritsa ntchito amafuna kudziwa momwe makina amapangira kusakaniza kogwirizana komanso chifukwa chake gulu limodzi limagwira ntchito bwino kuposa lina.
Kuti mumvetse bwino izi, zimathandiza kuyamba ndi mfundo yogwirira ntchito kaye. Gawo limenelo likamveka bwino, mphamvu, ntchito ndi mitundu ya chosakanizira zimakhala zosavuta kuweruza. Ichi ndichifukwa chake buku labwino la mphamvu yosakanizira simenti siliyenera kulekanitsidwa ndi ntchito ya tsiku ndi tsiku komanso zosowa zenizeni za ntchito.
Ngati tiyamba ndi mfundo yoyambira, yankho lake ndi losavuta. Ng'oma imazungulira, ndipo masamba omwe ali mkati mwa ng'oma amanyamula gawo la chinthucho mmwamba. Chipangizocho chikafika kutalika kwina, mphamvu yokoka imachikokanso pansi kupita ku gawo lotsalalo. Kukweza ndi kugwa kumeneku mobwerezabwereza kumaphatikiza simenti, mchenga, aggregate ndi madzi kukhala chisakanizo chofanana. Mwanjira ina, makinawo amadalira kayendetsedwe kolamulidwa m'malo mozungulira mosavuta.
Mfundo imeneyi ndi yofunika chifukwa anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti kusinthasintha mwachangu nthawi zonse kumatanthauza kusakaniza bwino. Zoona zake n'zakuti, kusakaniza bwino kumadalira liwiro la ng'oma, mawonekedwe a tsamba, ngodya ya ng'oma ndi kukula kwa gulu. Ngati ng'oma ikuzungulira pang'onopang'ono kwambiri, kuyenda kwa madzi kumakhala kofooka. Ngati ikuzungulira mofulumira kwambiri, zinthuzo zitha kumamatira kukhoma la ng'oma kapena kulekanitsidwa m'malo mosakaniza bwino. Chifukwa chake, ogwiritsa ntchito akafunsa momwe chosakanizira simenti chimagwirira ntchito , yankho labwino ndilakuti chimagwira ntchito popanga kayendedwe kokhazikika kosakaniza mkati mwa ng'oma.
Mkati mwa ng'oma, masamba amagwira ntchito yeniyeni. Amakweza zinthuzo mmwamba kenako nkuzilola kuti zibwererenso mu gulu. Kuchita kopindaku kumaswa matumba ouma ndikufalitsa chinyezi mofanana pakati pa zosakaniza. Pakapita nthawi, zosakanizazo zimakhala zophimbidwa bwino, ndipo konkireyo imafika pamlingo wogwirika bwino.
Nthawi yomweyo, gulu lonselo limafunika malo okwanira kuti ligwe. Ngati ng'oma yadzaza kwambiri, zinthuzo sizingakwezeke ndikugwa bwino. M'malo mwake, zimayendayenda ngati chinthu chimodzi cholemera, ndipo zotsatira zake zosakaniza zimachepa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuchuluka kwa ng'oma ndi kutulutsa kwenikweni sizifanana kwenikweni. Kusakaniza bwino kumafuna kapangidwe kolondola ka ng'oma komanso kuchuluka koyenera kokweza.
Buku lotsogolera mphamvu yoyenera yosakanizira simenti limayamba ndi lamulo limodzi losavuta: kukula kwa ng'oma sikofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa batch komwe kungagwiritsidwe ntchito. Ogula ambiri amayang'ana kwambiri kuchuluka kwa ng'oma komwe kwalengezedwa, koma chiwerengerocho chimangofotokoza gawo la nkhaniyi. Gawo lina la ng'oma liyenera kukhala lopanda kanthu kuti chisakanizocho chizitha kugwedezeka ndikusakanikirana. Popanda malo amenewo, makinawo amataya mphamvu yosakaniza.
Izi zimakhudza mwachindunji momwe malo amagwirira ntchito. Chosakaniza chomwe chili chochepa kwambiri chimakakamiza ogwira ntchito kuti agwire ntchito zina, zomwe zimawonjezera nthawi yogwira ntchito ndikuchepetsa kuthira. Chosakaniza chomwe chili chachikulu kwambiri chingakhale chovuta kusuntha, chovuta kupatsa mphamvu komanso chosagwira ntchito bwino m'malo ogwirira ntchito ochepa. Chifukwa chake, mphamvu ziyenera kufananizidwa ndi momwe ntchito ikuyendera, osati kuweruzidwa ndi kukula kwa ng'oma yokha.
Funso lenileni si lalikulu bwanji papepala pamene ng'oma ikuwoneka. Funso lenileni ndi lakuti makinawo angasakanize konkire wochuluka bwanji nthawi imodzi. Mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito imadalira mawonekedwe a ng'oma, momwe tsamba limagwirira ntchito, mtundu wa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso momwe chisakanizocho chiyenera kunyowetsera kapena kuuma. Ichi ndichifukwa chake makina awiri osakaniza omwe ali ndi kukula kofanana kwa ng'oma angagwirebe ntchito mosiyana pamalopo.
Pa kukonza pang'ono, ntchito za m'munda ndi ntchito zopepuka zopaka miyala, chosakanizira chonyamulika nthawi zambiri chimakhala chokwanira. Pa ntchito yokonza maziko, magulu obwerezabwereza a slab kapena kutulutsa kwakukulu tsiku ndi tsiku, chipangizo chokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri nthawi zambiri chimakhala chomveka bwino. Mwachidule, makina oyenera ndi omwe amachititsa kuti ntchitoyo iyende bwino popanda kudzaza woyendetsa kapena injini.
Mukasankha mphamvu yoyenera, magwiridwe antchito amadalira momwe imagwirira ntchito moyenera. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri amafufuza momwe angagwiritsire ntchito chosakanizira simenti , chosakanizira simenti momwe angagwiritsire ntchito komanso chosakanizira simenti momwe angagwiritsire ntchito . Safuna kungodziwa momwe angayambitsire makinawo, koma amafunanso kudziwa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito moyenera, mosamala komanso moyenera.
Gawo loyamba ndi kuyika makina pamalo oyenera. Chosakanizacho chiyenera kuyikidwa pamalo olimba komanso osalala musanayambe kulongedza. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zikhazikike bwino, zimapangitsa kuti kutulutsa madzi kukhale kosavuta komanso kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kugwa. Makina oima pamalo osafanana ndi ovuta kuwalamulira ndipo nthawi zambiri amapangitsa kuti zinthu zisamayende bwino kuchokera pagulu limodzi kupita ku lina.
Pambuyo poika malo, mfundo yotsatira ndi dongosolo lokweza. Nthawi zambiri, ng'oma iyenera kugwira ntchito isanawonjezedwe yonse. Ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri amayamba ndi gawo la madzi, kenako amawonjezera zinthu zouma, kenako n'kusintha ndi madzi otsala. Izi zimachepetsa kusonkhana mkati mwa ng'oma ndipo zimathandiza kuti chisakanizocho chikhale chofanana.
Kulamulira madzi n'kofunika kwambiri. Madzi ochepa amasiya gulu louma komanso lovuta kuliyika. Madzi ambiri amapangitsa kuti konkire ikhale yosavuta kusuntha, koma imatha kuchepetsa mphamvu yomaliza. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ogwiritsa ntchito odziwa bwino ntchito amayang'ana kwambiri pa kusinthasintha osati liwiro lokha. Gulu labwino liyenera kuwoneka lofanana mu mtundu, kapangidwe ndi chinyezi lisanayambe kutulutsa madzi.
Cholakwika chimodzi chofala kwambiri ndi kudzaza ng'oma mopitirira muyeso. Chinanso ndi kuwonjezera madzi ambiri mofulumira kwambiri. Ogwiritsa ntchito ena amalolanso konkire yolimba kukhalabe mkati mwa chosakanizira akagwiritsa ntchito. Zotsalira zimenezo zimachepetsa mphamvu yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo zimakhudza ubwino wa gulu mtsogolo. Pachifukwa ichi, kuyeretsa makina pambuyo pa gulu lililonse si sitepe yokonza chabe. Ndi gawo la kusunga magwiridwe antchito osakaniza.
Nthawi yosakaniza imafunanso kuweruza. Cholinga chake ndichakuti ng'oma isagwire ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali. Cholinga chake ndi kupanga gulu lofanana lomwe limagwira ntchito moyenera. Chisakanizocho chikawoneka chofanana ndipo chikuyenda mofanana, nthawi zambiri chimakhala chokonzeka kutulutsidwa.
Pambuyo pomvetsetsa njira yogwirira ntchito ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito, gawo lotsatira loyenera ndikuyerekeza mitundu ikuluikulu ya osakaniza simenti . Makina osiyanasiyana amathetsa vuto lomwelo losakaniza m'njira zosiyanasiyana, ndipo kapangidwe kalikonse kamagwirizana ndi momwe ntchito ikuyendera.
Mtundu wofala kwambiri ndi chosakanizira ng'oma cha konkriti . Ichi ndi chosakanizira chodziwika bwino chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ambiri omanga, ntchito zokonzanso komanso mapulojekiti okongoletsa malo. Ndi chothandiza, chosavuta kusuntha ndipo chimayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza. Kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri, chimapereka mgwirizano wabwino kwambiri pakati pa kunyamula, kuphweka ndi kutulutsa.
Mu gulu la osakaniza ng'oma, pali osakaniza ng'oma opendekeka, osakaniza ng'oma osapendekeka ndi osakaniza ng'oma obwerera m'mbuyo. Mtundu uliwonse umasintha momwe zinthu zimatulutsidwira, koma mfundo yamkati yosakaniza imakhalabe yofanana. Kupatula osakaniza ng'oma, palinso osakaniza ng'oma ndi osakaniza mosalekeza. Osakaniza ng'oma nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito komwe liwiro losakaniza ndi kufanana ndikofunikira kwambiri. Osakaniza mosalekeza ndi abwinoko pomwe konkire iyenera kupangidwa mokhazikika osati m'magulu osiyana.
Komabe, pa ntchito zambiri za tsiku ndi tsiku, chosakaniza ng'oma chimakhalabe njira yabwino kwambiri. N'chosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, chosavuta kusamalira komanso choyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kumvetsetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zosakaniza za konkriti sikuti ndi nkhani ya mayina a makina okha. Ndi nkhani yosankha kapangidwe koyenera ka ntchitoyi.
Pa gawo ili, kulumikizana pakati pa mawu onse ofufuzira kumamveka bwino. Kodi chosakanizira simenti chimagwira ntchito bwanji , chitsogozo cha mphamvu ya chosakanizira simenti , momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito chosakanizira simenti ndi mitundu ya chosakanizira simenti si mitu yosiyana. Ndi magawo osiyanasiyana a njira yosankha yomweyi.
Chosakaniza chimagwira ntchito bwino pokhapokha ngati kapangidwe kake kakugwirizana ndi ntchitoyo, mphamvu yake ikugwirizana ndi zomwe zimafunika ndipo njira yake yogwirira ntchito imathandizira kusakaniza bwino nthawi zonse. Ngati gawo limodzi silili bwino, makinawo akhoza kugwirabe ntchito, koma ubwino wa konkriti ndi magwiridwe antchito a malowo zidzasokonekera. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ogula odziwa bwino ntchito sasankha chosakaniza potengera mtengo kapena kukula kwa ng'oma yokha. Amasankha ngati gawo la ntchito yonse ya malo.
Ndiye, kodi chosakanizira simenti chimagwira ntchito bwanji ? Chimagwira ntchito pozungulira ng'oma yokhala ndi masamba amkati omwe amakweza ndikugwetsa zinthu mpaka zitapanga konkire yosakanikirana bwino. Komabe, mfundo ya makina amenewo ndi chiyambi chabe. Kugwira ntchito kwenikweni kumadalira mphamvu yoyenera, dongosolo lolondola lokwezera, kukhazikika kwa malo ndi mtundu woyenera wa chosakanizira pa ntchitoyo.
Mukamvetsetsa kulumikizana kumeneko, kusankha chosakanizira kumakhala kosavuta. Makina abwino si okhawo omwe ali ndi ng'oma yayikulu kwambiri. Ndi omwe amagwirizana ndi momwe malo anu alili, ntchito yatsiku ndi tsiku komanso zomwe mukuyembekezera. Izi ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti konkriti ikhale yabwino, ntchito yake ikhale yosalala komanso mtundu wodalirika wa konkriti.
Chosakaniza simenti chimagwira ntchito pozungulira ng'oma yokhala ndi masamba amkati. Masamba awa amakweza ndi kugwetsa zinthuzo mobwerezabwereza kuti gulu lonselo lisakanizike mofanana.
Chosakaniza konkire chimagwira ntchito pamalopo pophatikiza simenti, mchenga, chosakaniza ndi madzi mkati mwa ng'oma yozungulira. Zipangizozo zimasakanikirana mpaka chisakanizocho chitakhala chogwira ntchito komanso chogwirizana.
Ikani chosakanizacho pamalo olimba, osalala poyamba. Yambitsani ng'oma musanayike madzi onse, yang'anirani madzi mosamala, ndikutsuka makinawo mukatha kugwiritsa ntchito gulu lililonse.
Kukula kwa ng'oma ndi kuchuluka konse kwa ng'oma, pomwe mphamvu yosakaniza ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zingasakanizidwe bwino mu gulu limodzi. Manambala awiriwa si ofanana.
Mitundu ikuluikulu ikuphatikizapo makina osakaniza ng'oma opendekeka, makina osapendekeka, makina osakaniza ng'oma obwerera m'mbuyo, makina osakaniza poto ndi makina osakaniza osalekeza.
Chosakaniza ng'oma cha konkriti ndi makina omwe amasakaniza konkriti mkati mwa ng'oma yozungulira. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa ndi chothandiza, chonyamulika komanso choyenera kukonzedwa mobwerezabwereza.
