Umhlahlandlela Wosayizi Weqoqo Lomxube Wekhonkrithi: Isilinganiso Sokuxuba, Umthamo Wesigubhu Nokuphuma
Umshini wokuxuba ukhonkolo ongu-350L awukhiqizi ngokuzenzakalelayo amalitha angu-350 ekhonkolo eliqediwe ngebhetshi ngayinye . Inombolo eseduze nomodeli ingachaza ivolumu yesigubhu, umthamo wokulayisha noma omunye umthamo olinganisiwe, kuyilapho inani lekhonkolo ongayixuba futhi uyikhiphe lingaba liphansi. Lowo mehluko ubalulekile lapho osonkontileka behlela ukuthululwa kanye nalapho abathengisi beqhathanisa imishini emibili eno-“350L” kusilinganiso. Isilinganiso sengxube singenye ingxenye yokubala, kodwa siphendula umbuzo ohlukile: isilinganiso silawula izilinganiso zezinto ezibonakalayo, kuyilapho usayizi webhetshi lomshini wokuxuba ukutshela ukuthi umshini ungaphatha malini emjikelezweni wokusebenza ophindaphindwayo.
Umthamo Wokuxuba Ukhonkolo: Kusho Ukuthini Inombolo Yomthamo?
Qala ngokubuza umhlinzeki ukuthi inani lelitha limelelani. Umthamo wedrama iyonke, umthamo wokulayisha kanye nomthamo wokukhipha akuzona izincazelo ezishintshashintshayo. Umhlahlandlela okhona we-ACE woku umthamo wokuxuba ukhonkolo Isibonelo, sinikeza isibonelo somshini ophakathi nendawo onomthamo wokulayisha ongu-560-litre kanye namalitha angaba ngu-350 ekhonkrithi ekhishwayo. Umehluko ukhona ngesizathu: izinto zidinga indawo ngaphakathi kwedrama ukuze ziphakamise, zidilike futhi zisabalale kabusha.
| Ithemu Lomthamo | Kusho ukuthini | Lokho Abathengi Okufanele Bakubuze |
|---|---|---|
| Ivolumu yesigubhu | Isikhala esiphelele sejometri ngaphakathi kwesigubhu | Ingabe lokhu kumane nje kuyisayizi yesigubhu? |
| Umthamo wokulayisha | Inani lezinto ezilayishiwe zeqembu elisebenzayo | Ingabe lo umthwalo wokusebenza olinganisiwe? |
| Umthamo wokukhipha | Ukhonkolo ukhiqizwa futhi ukhishwe ngeqoqo ngalinye | Ngingasebenzisa liphi ivolumu ekuhleleni umsebenzi? |
| Umphumela wehora | Ukukhiqizwa kwemijikelezo ephelele ephindaphindwayo | Yisiphi isikhathi sokulayisha, ukuxuba kanye nokukhipha esicatshangelwe? |
I-Aggregate nayo ithatha ingxenye enkulu yeqoqo. I-NRMCA ithi i-aggregate ivame ukwenza cishe u-60-75% womthamo wekhonkrithi . Ngakho-ke, iningi lalokho umxube okufanele akuhambise yisihlabathi namatshe kunokuba kube yi-paste yekhonkrithi. Gcwalisa kakhulu isigubhu futhi kunendawo encane yokuthi leyo nto ihambe endleleni yokuxuba. Isigubhu singase sijikeleze ngenjabulo; ikhonkrithi engaphakathi ingase ingabi nomdlandla kangako.
Kufanele Uqhathanise Kanjani Izihlanganisi Zekhonkrithi Ezingu-350L, 400L kanye Nezingu-500L?
I-ACE uhla lokuxuba ukhonkolo okwamanje ifaka amakilasi angu-350L, 400L kanye no-500L anezinketho zikaphethiloli, udizili kanye namandla kagesi. Lawa malebula osayizi ayasiza ekwenzeni uhlu olufushane, kodwa akufanele asetshenziswe njengomkhiqizo oqinisekisiwe wokhonkolo oqediwe ngaphandle kokuthi imininingwane yomshini ngamunye isho kanjalo.
| Ikilasi Lokuxuba | Isimo Esijwayelekile Sokuthenga | Hlola Ngaphambi Koku-oda |
|---|---|---|
| 350L | Ukuthululwa okuncane, ukulungiswa, izikhala kanye nomsebenzi wokwakha ohambayo | Ivolumu ye-batch esebenzisekayo, umthombo wamandla, indlela yokukhipha kanye namasondo |
| 400L | Umsebenzi ojwayelekile wokontrakta kanye nokuhlanganisa indawo ngokuphindaphindiwe | Umthamo wokusebenza, ukwakheka kwe-blade, igiya lendandatho, uhlaka kanye namandla |
| 500L | Amaqoqo amakhulu aphindaphindwayo ezindaweni ezincane neziphakathi | Ivolumu yokukhipha, ukuphakama kokulayisha, ukuzinza kohlaka kanye nokufinyelela indawo |
Lezi yizigaba zokuthenga ezisebenzayo, hhayi imikhawulo yobunjiniyela. Umakhi oyedwa angathola umkhiqizo ongcono emshinini omncane obekwe eceleni komshini wokuthulula kunokusuka kumshini omkhulu ohleli amamitha angamashumi amahlanu kude ulinde ama-wheelbarrow. Uma uqhathanisa izingcaphuno, cela wonke umphakeli ukuthi achaze umthamo ngendlela efanayo. Ukuqhathanisa umthamo wesigubhu somkhiqizi oyedwa nomthamo wokukhipha womunye umenzi kuyindlela elula yokwenza ispredishithi ibukeke iwusizo kakhulu kunalokho eyikho ngempela.
Isilinganiso Sokuxubana Kwekhonkrithi Sithinta Kanjani Iqembu Le-Mixer?
Isilinganiso sokuxuba ukhonkolo sichaza inani elilinganiselwe lesimende, isihlabathi kanye ne-aggregate eqinile. Asinqumi umthamo wokuxuba. Kumaqoqo amancane esayithi le-volumetric, izilinganiso ezijwayelekile ezifana ne-1:2:3 kanye ne-1:2:4 zingasetshenziswa njengezinkomba ezijwayelekile lapho izidingo zephrojekthi zivuma khona.
| Isilinganiso Esijwayelekile | Usimende | Isihlabathi | I-Coarse Aggregate |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1:1.5:3 | Ingxenye e-1 | Izingxenye ezingu-1.5 | Izingxenye ezi-3 |
| 1:2:3 | Ingxenye e-1 | Izingxenye ezimbili | Izingxenye ezi-3 |
| 1:2:4 | Ingxenye e-1 | Izingxenye ezimbili | Izingxenye ezi-4 |
| 1:3:6 | Ingxenye e-1 | Izingxenye ezi-3 | Izingxenye ezi-6 |
Uma usebenzisa ibhakede elilodwa elingamalitha ayi-10 ngebhetshi engu-1:2:3, inani lokuqala lingamalitha ayi-10 esimende, amalitha angama-20 esihlabathi kanye namalitha angama-30 e-coarse aggregate. Amanzi awamane engezwe njengenye inombolo kuleso silinganiso. Adinga ukulawulwa okuhlukile.
Futhi, ungangezi u-10 + 20 + 30 bese ucabanga ukuthi umshini wokuxuba uzokhipha amalitha angu-60 ekhonkrithi eliqediwe. Izinhlayiya ezincane zigcwalisa izikhala phakathi kwezinhlayiya ezinkulu ezihlanganisiwe, i-paste igcwalisa izikhala ezincane futhi i-batch iyahlala ngesikhathi sokuxuba. Ukuze uthole isiqondiso esiningiliziwe mayelana nezilinganiso ezijwayelekile kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zephrojekthi, sebenzisa okukhona ishadi lesilinganiso sokuhlanganiswa kwekhonkrithi Ikhonkrithi yesakhiwo kufanele isalandele ukusebenza okucacisiwe kanye nomklamo wengxube ovunyiwe.
Isilinganiso Samanzi Nesimende: Inombolo Ibhakede Elingenakukutshela Yona
I-ACI ichaza isilinganiso sezinto ezisebenzisa ukhonkolo, noma i-w/cm, njengesisindo samanzi axubayo ahlukaniswe yisisindo sezinto ezisebenzisa ukhonkolo . Ngakho-ke i-w/cm engu-0.50 isho ama-25 kg amanzi axubayo kuma-50 kg ezinto ezisebenzisa ukhonkolo. I-ACI iphinde ithi umswakama okhululekile othwalwa yizinto ezihlanganisiwe kumele ucatshangelwe lapho ukungawunaki kuzoshintsha kakhulu i-w/cm yangempela.
Isihlabathi Esimanzi Singashintsha Iqembu Ngaphambi Kokufaka Noma Yimaphi Amanzi
Ukubalwa kwe-ACI E1-16 kunikeza umqondo owusizo wesikali. Esibonelweni sayo se-SI, i-aggregate encane enomswakama ophelele ongu-6% inikele ngo -38.5 kg wamanzi amahhala , kanti i-aggregate eqinile yengeze enye i-11.3 kg . Ngakho-ke ama-aggregate alethe umswakama okhululekile ongu-49.8 kg ebhetshini edinga u-190 kg wamanzi ahlanganisiwe aphelele. Cishe ama-140 kg kuphela okwakudingeka afakwe ngokwehlukana .
| Isibonelo Somswakama we-ACI | Inani |
|---|---|
| Amanzi angenalutho ahlanganisiwe | 38.5 kg |
| Amanzi angenalutho ahlanganisiwe | 11.3 kg |
| Amanzi aphelele amahhala avela ku-aggregate | 49.8 kg |
| Amanzi ahlanganisiwe aqondiwe | 190 kg |
| Amanzi angeziwe ku-mixer | Cishe i-140 kg |
Lezo zinombolo ziyisibonelo esisebenzayo se-ACI, hhayi izinga lomswakama elijwayelekile lenqwaba yesihlabathi ngasinye. Isifundo sendawo silula kakhulu: inani lamabhakede ngoMsombuluko lingafana nelangoLwesibili kuyilapho ukhonkolo wangoLwesibili umanzi kakhulu ngoba lina ebusuku.
Kungani “Amanzi Amancane Nje” Engewona Amahhala
Kunesizathu esenza abaqhubi balingeke ukuba bangeze amanzi. I-NRMCA inikeza umthetho osebenzayo wokuthi cishe amalitha ama-5 amanzi nge-cubic meter angandisa ukwehla cishe ngama-25 mm . Umehluko ubonakala kalula ngenkathi inqwaba ikhishwa.
Lokhu kubangwa kamuva. I-NRMCA ixwayisa ngokuthi amanzi angaphezu kokuhlanganiswa komklamo angalibazisa ukusetha, anciphise amandla, alimaze ukuqina futhi andise amandla okuqhekeka. Ukubeka okulula imizuzu emihlanu ezayo akuyona into engcono ngokuzenzakalelayo eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo.
Uyiguqula Kanjani I-Mixer Output ibe Yi-Real Batch Plan?
Uma umthamo wokukhipha umshini oqinisekisiwe usuyaziwa, izibalo zilula:
Inani lamaqoqo = ivolumu yekhonkrithi edingekayo ÷ ivolumu yokukhipha eqinisekisiwe ngeqoqo ngalinye
Uma umshini wokuxuba othile uqinisekisiwe ukuthi ukhipha u-0.28 m³ ngebhetshi ngayinye futhi umsebenzi udinga u-1.40 m³, inani elihleliwe yileli:
1.40 ÷ 0.28 = amaqoqo ama-5
Isibalo esingu-0.28 m³ siyisibonelo sokubala nje. Akuyona into ekhishwayo yonke yomxube ngamunye ongu-350L noma ongu-400L. Ukuze uthole iphrojekthi yangempela, sebenzisa imininingwane yomshini ngamunye noma isivuno sebhetshi esilinganisiwe.
Ukukhiqiza kwansuku zonke kuhlanganisa nokulayisha, ukuxuba, ukukhipha igesi kanye nokulungisa inqwaba elandelayo. Isibalo sehora esicatshangelwayo silahlekelwa ubuhle baso ngokushesha uma umxube ulinde i-aggregate noma abasebenzi bengakwazi ukususa ukhonkolo ngokushesha okwanele.
Ukulayisha i-oda kanye nesikhathi sokuxuba kusabalulekile
Uma usayizi webhetshi namanzi sekulawulwe, gcina inqubo iphindaphindwa. Sebenzisa indlela efanayo yokulinganisa, gwema ukubalwa kwefosholo okungahleliwe futhi uvumele ukuxuba okwanele ukuze ibhetshi ifane. Ukuhleleka kokulayisha kuyahlukahluka kuye ngomklamo wokuxuba kanye nesimo sezinto, ngakho-ke akusizi ngalutho ukwenza sengathi ukulandelana okukodwa kulungile kuwo wonke umshini.
Umhlahlandlela we-ACE ku indlela yokuxuba ukhonkolo ku-mixer ihlanganisa inqubo yokusebenza ngemininingwane eminingi. Ukuze uthole isivinini sokuxuba nesikhathi, bheka umhlahlandlela ku- isivinini sesigubhu sokuxuba ukhonkolo .
Ikhonkrithi exutshwe ngomumo inikeza isibonelo esiwusizo sokuthi ukulungiswa kwamanzi kuphathwa kanjani ngokungathi sína. I-NRMCA iphawula ukuthi i-ASTM C94/C94M idinga ukujikeleza okwengeziwe okungu-30 kwe-mixer ngesivinini sokuxuba ngemva kokungezwa kwamanzi noma ukuxuba endaweni yokusebenza. Leyo mfuneko isebenza kukhonkrithi yeloli exutshwe ngomumo, hhayi ngokuzenzakalelayo kubaxubi bezindawo ezincane, kodwa isimiso siwusizo: ukwengeza amanzi akuqedwa kuze kube yilapho sekuxutshwe kulo lonke ibhetshi.
Amaphutha Eqembu Lokuxuba Ikhonkrithi Elivamile
| Iphutha | Yini Engase Ingahambi Kahle | Ukuhlola Okungcono |
|---|---|---|
| Ukusebenzisa amalitha edrama njengokukhipha kwe-batch | Ukukhiqizwa kwesayithi kulinganiselwa ngokweqile | Qinisekisa amandla okuxuba noma okukhipha |
| Ukulayisha ngokweqile i-mixer | Kusele isikhala esincane sokunyakaza kwezinto ezibonakalayo | Hlala ngaphakathi komthwalo wokusebenza olinganisiwe |
| Ukwengeza amanzi ngeso | Izinguquko zangempela ze-w/cm phakathi kwamaqoqo | Linganisa amanzi bese ubala umswakama ophelele |
| Ukunganaki isihlabathi esimanzi | Amanzi amahhala angena kukhonkrithi engabonwa | Hlola isimo somswakama esiphelele |
| Ukuxubana isikhathi esifushane kakhulu | Ukufana kweqembu kungahlupheka | Landela isiqondiso somshini bese uhlola ukukhishwa kwawo |
| Ukusebenzisa isilinganiso esisodwa kuphrojekthi ngayinye | Ukhonkolo ungase ungahlangabezani nokusebenza okudingekayo | Landela imininingwane yephrojekthi |
Yini Abathengi Bemishini Okufanele Bayihlole Ngaphambi Koku-oda?
Kumaqembu okuthenga, qala ngomsebenzi hhayi ngekhathalogi. Nquma ukuthi kufanele kukhiqizwe ukhonkolo ongakanani ngebhetshi ngayinye bese ubheka umshini ngosuku, bese ubheka umshini. Imininingwane ewusizo ifaka phakathi umthamo wokusebenza, ivolumu yokukhipha, umthombo wamandla, ukuhlelwa kwe-blade, ukwakhiwa kwedrama, igiya lendandatho, uhlaka, amasondo kanye nokufinyelela kokulungisa.
Abathengisi nezinkampani zokuqasha kufanele futhi bacabange ngalokho okwenzekayo ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa zokuqala. Intengo yokuthenga ephansi kancane ilahlekelwa ukukhanga lapho ibhande, ibheringi noma igiya kunzima ukulishintsha. I-ACE Uhlu lokuhlola lokuxuba ukhonkolo ihlanganisa lokhu kuhlolwa kwemishini, kuyilapho umhlahlandlela wokuthenga wokuxuba ukhonkolo oluphathekayo ibheka kakhulu ukuhamba, izinketho zamandla kanye nezimo zendawo.
Uma ucela ikhotheshini, thumela umhlinzeki umkhiqizo wakho we-batch owudingayo, uhlobo olujwayelekile lwekhonkrithi, umthombo wamandla otholakalayo kanye nomsebenzi olindelekile wansuku zonke. Leyo mininingwane iwusizo kakhulu kunokucela "umxubi omkhulu kunayo yonke onayo".
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Ngosayizi Weqoqo Lomxubi Wekhonkrithi
Ingabe umxube wekhonkrithi ongu-350L ukhiqiza ukhonkrithi ongu-350L?
Akunjalo ngempela. Isibalo esingu-350L singase sichaze ivolumu yesigubhu kunokuba sichaze umthamo wokuxuba noma wokukhipha ongasetshenziswa. Hlola ukuthi umenzi uchaza kanjani inombolo ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa ekubaleni kweqoqo.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwevolumu yokuxuba nosayizi we-batch?
Umthamo wokuxuba noma wesigubhu uchaza amandla angokomzimba wesigubhu. Usayizi weqembu ubhekisela enanini lezinto umshini ongazixuba kahle noma inani lekhonkrithi eqediwe ongayikhipha.
Yisiphi isilinganiso esihle kakhulu sokuxuba ukhonkolo se-mixer?
Umxubi akanqumi isilinganiso esidingekayo. Izilinganiso ezijwayelekile ezifana ne-1:2:3 zingaba izinkomba zensimu eziwusizo lapho kuvunyelwe khona, kodwa ukhonkolo wesakhiwo kufanele ulandele amandla adingekayo, ukuvezwa kanye nomklamo wengxube ovunyiwe.
Ingabe isihlabathi esimanzi siyawushintsha umthamo wamanzi adingekayo?
Yebo. Umswakama womphezulu okhululekile othwalwa yisihlabathi kanye ne-coarse aggregate uba yingxenye yamanzi axubayo futhi ungandisa i-w/cm yangempela uma amanzi engeziwe ngokwehlukana engancishisiwe.
Amanzi engeziwe ashintsha kangakanani ukuwa kwekhonkrithi?
I-NRMCA inikeza umthetho wesithupha wamanzi engeziwe angaba ngu-5 L/m³ ukuze kube nokwenyuka okungaba ngu-25 mm kokwehla. Lesi sibalo siyisiqondiso sensimu, hhayi imvume yokudlula okuqukethwe kwamanzi okubekiwe noma i-w/cm.
Ingabe kufanele ngithenge umxube wekhonkrithi ongu-350L, 400L noma 500L?
Khetha kusukela kumkhiqizo we-batch odingekayo ongasetshenziswa, ukukhiqizwa kwansuku zonke, ukunikezwa kwamandla, ukufinyelela indawo nezidingo zokuhamba. Ikilasi lamalitha liwusizo emishinini ekhethayo, kodwa amandla okusebenza nawokukhipha kufanele enze isinqumo sokugcina.
Amathegi: usayizi weqoqo lokuxuba ukhonkolo, ivolumu yokuxuba ukhonkolo, ukuxuba ukhonkolo okungu-350L, ukuxuba ukhonkolo okungu-400L, ukuxuba ukhonkolo okungu-500L, isilinganiso sokuxuba ukhonkolo, umkhiqizo wokuxuba ukhonkolo, umthamo wokuxuba ukhonkolo, ukuhlanganisa ukhonkolo, ukuxuba ukhonkolo okuphathekayo
