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Umthengisi wezixhobo zokwakha izisombululo zoomatshini bokwakha kangangeminyaka engama-30.
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Umthengisi wezixhobo zokwakha izisombululo zoomatshini bokwakha kangangeminyaka engama-30.
Ukufumana ikhonkrithi elungileyo akupheleli nje ekuthengeni isamente efanelekileyo. Kwimisebenzi yokwenyani, isiphumo sokugqibela sixhomekeke kakhulu kwindlela exutywa ngayo ibhetshi. Umlinganiselo ophantsi womxube wekhonkrithi , amanzi amaninzi, okanye ulungelelwano olungalunganga lokuxuba konke oku kunokunciphisa amandla kwaye kubangele iingxaki zomphezulu kamva. Yiyo loo nto abasebenzisi abaninzi bekhangela indlela yokuxuba ikhonkrithi ngokufanelekileyo ngaphambi kokuba baqale i-slab, i-footing, i-post yocingo okanye isiseko. Injongo ilula. Ufuna umxube onamandla, olinganayo, osebenzayo nolula ukuwubeka. Ukuze ufikelele kuloo mphumo, udinga izixhobo ezifanelekileyo, umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo, kunye nendlela yokuxuba ehlala ihambelana ukusuka kwibhetshi yokuqala ukuya kweyokugqibela. Nokuba uxuba ikhonkrithi ngesandla okanye usebenzisa umxube wedrum ophathwayo, umthetho ofanayo uyasebenza: ukuba ibhetshi ayilawulwa, umgangatho awuyi kulawulwa.
Inyathelo lokuqala kukukhetha umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo womxube wekhonkrithi kumsebenzi. Iingxaki ezininzi ziqala kuba abasebenzisi baqala ukuxuba ngaphandle kokugqiba ukuba yimaphi amandla afunekayo kwikhonkrithi. Kumsebenzi oqhelekileyo, isikhokelo esiqhelekileyo ngumlinganiselo we-1:2:3, oko kuthetha ukuba inxalenye enye yesamente, iindawo ezimbini zesanti kunye neendawo ezintathu ezidityanisiweyo. Oku kudla ngokusetyenziswa ukuchaza umlinganiselo osisiseko wokuxuba ikhonkrithi kuba kulula ukuyikhumbula kwaye kulula ukuyidibanisa kwindawo. Nangona kunjalo, ayizizo zonke iiprojekthi ezifuna umxube ofanayo. Umlinganiselo womxube wekhonkrithi weziseko usenokungafani nomxube ongcono wendlela yokungena okanye i-slab. Ukuba usebenzisa i-ballast, umlinganiselo nawo uyatshintsha. Ngokwendlela esebenzayo, umxube ongcono awungomxube onamandla kuzo zonke iimeko. Ngumxube onika amandla aneleyo, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokubekwa okuzinzileyo komsebenzi ophambi kwakho.
Nje ukuba umlinganiselo ukhethiwe, gcina indlela yokulinganisa ilula kwaye iphindaphindwa. Musa ukuqokelelana ngefosholo ukuba ufuna isiphumo esizinzileyo. Ifosholo yesanti ayifane ilingane nefosholo yelitye, kwaye oko kwenza umxube uphume kwenye ibhetshi uye kwenye. Kungcono kakhulu ukuqokelelana ngebhakethi. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu xa ufuna ukufikelela kumlinganiselo ohambelanayo womxube wekhonkrithi ngomthamo . Kwiindawo ezincinci, lo mkhwa udla ngokwenza umahluko omkhulu kunokutshintsha izinto. Ukuba umlinganiselo uhlala ufana, kuba lula kakhulu ukulawula umxube, ukuthelekisa iibhetshi, kunye nokufumanisa iingxaki kwangethuba.
Emva kokuba izinto ezomileyo zilinganisiwe, inqaku elilandelayo libalulekile ngamanzi. Abasebenzisi abaninzi bagxila kwisamente kunye ne-aggregate, kodwa inqaku lolawulo lokwenyani kukuba umlinganiselo wesamente yamanzi uxhomekeke kwisamente . Ukuba kusetyenziswa amanzi amancinci kakhulu, umxube unokuba nzima ukuwujika kwaye kube nzima ukuwubeka. Ukuba kusetyenziswa amanzi amaninzi kakhulu, umxube uyakhululeka kwaye kube lula ukuwugalela, kodwa isamente egqityiweyo iba buthathaka. Yiyo loo nto imibuzo efana nokuba ingakanani na amanzi okuxuba isamente kunye nomlinganiselo wamanzi ongcono womxube wesamente ixhaphakile. Abantu badla ngokuzama ukusombulula ingxaki efanayo: bafuna ibhetshi esebenza ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ngamandla.
Eyona ndlela ikhuselekileyo kukongeza amanzi kancinci. Musa ukugalela onke amanzi ngaxeshanye. Qala ngobuninzi bomlinganiselo ocwangcisiweyo, uze udibanise ibhetshi kwaye uyijonge ngaphambi kokongeza ngaphezulu. Oku kukunika ulawulo olungcono lokuhambelana komxube wekhonkrithi . Ibhetshi efanelekileyo kufuneka ibambeke kunye, igqume kakuhle i-aggregate, kwaye ihlale iplastiki ngaphandle kokubonakala njengesuphu. Ukuba umxube uba manzi kakhulu, ingxaki inzima kakhulu kunembonakalo embi. Abasebenzisi abaninzi bayabuza, kwenzeka ntoni ukuba wongeza amanzi amaninzi kwikhonkrithi . Impendulo ilula. Ikhonkrithi inokuncipha ngakumbi, iqhekeke lula, kwaye ilahlekelwe ngamandla okucinezelwa. Ngoko ke xa ufuna ukusebenza ngcono, qala ujonge umlinganiselo, indlela yokudibanisa kunye nexesha lokuxuba. Amanzi kufuneka abe luhlengahlengiso lokugqibela oluhle, hayi indlela emfutshane yokuqala.
Xa umlinganiselo kunye namanzi sele zilawulwa, isigqibo esilandelayo kukuba uxube njani. Kumsebenzi omncinci kakhulu, ukuxuba ikhonkrithi ngesandla kusasebenza. Ilungele ukupeyinta, ukulungiswa okuncinci kunye nemisebenzi apho ukufikelela kunqongophele khona. Ukuxuba ngesandla kukwanceda abasebenzisi bafunde ukuba ibhetshi elungileyo ijongeka kwaye ivakala njani. Nangona kunjalo, ukuxuba ngesandla kunemida. Kuthatha umgudu ongakumbi, kunzima ukugcina ibhetshi nganye ifana, kwaye ayisebenzi kakuhle xa ivolumu inyuka. Ukuba ufuna imithwalo eliqela kwiseshoni enye, ukhetho olungcono luhlala luxuba ikhonkrithi kwi-mixer yekhonkrithi .
Umxube ophathwayo uphucula ukuhambelana kuba idrama ijika izinto ngokulinganayo kunokuba izixhobo zesandla zinokwenza. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi xa umsebenzi ufuna iibhetshi eziphindaphindwayo, njengesiseko seshedi, indlela okanye umgca wokubeka unyawo. Ukusebenza kakuhle komxube wekhonkrithi ophathwayo akunzima, kodwa kufuna uqeqesho. Umxube kufuneka ume kumhlaba oqinileyo, othe tyaba. Idrama akufuneki ithwalwe kakhulu. Izinto kufuneka zihambe ngokulandelelana okulawulekayo, kwaye ibhetshi kufuneka ihlolwe ngaphambi kokuba ikhutshwe. Kulapho isikhokelo somthamo womxube wekhonkrithi esisebenzayo siba luncedo khona. Ukuba idrama izele kakhulu, izinto azinakudilika kakuhle, kwaye umxube awulingani. Kwimeko enjalo, umatshini usebenza, kodwa umgangatho webhetshi sele uhlile.
Kwinkqubo yokuxuba idrama yomxube wekhonkrithi , gcina ulandelelwano lulula ukuluphinda. Qala ngenxalenye yamanzi, uze wongeze i-aggregate kunye nesanti, ulandelwe yisamente, uze emva koko ufake ezinye izinto ezomileyo eziseleyo. Emva koko, yongeza amanzi aseleyo kancinci ude umxube ufikelele kwimo efanelekileyo. Iimveliso ezahlukeneyo zinokucebisa ukuba kulandelwe ii-odolo ezahlukeneyo, ngoko ke imiyalelo yebhegi kunye nencwadi yesikhokelo yomxube kufuneka zihlale zijongiwe. Nangona kunjalo, umgaqo ophambili uhlala ufana. Musa ukufaka yonke into kwidrama uze uthembe ukuba iya kuzilungisa. Umyalelo wokulayisha ocwangcisiweyo unika umxube ongcono kwaye unceda ukuthintela iipokotho ezomileyo.
Ingqiqo efanayo iyasebenza kwixesha lokuxuba. Abasebenzisi badla ngokubuza ukuba ixesha lokuxuba ikhonkrithi lingakanani okanye ixesha lokuxuba ikhonkrithi kwi-mixer . Ngokwenyani, impendulo ixhomekeke kubungakanani bebhetshi kunye nohlobo lwe-mixer, kodwa injongo isoloko ifana. Umxube kufuneka ube nombala ofanayo, nokuba kumanzi, kwaye nokuba kunjani. Ukuba inxalenye yebhetshi ibonakala imhlophe kwaye yomile ngelixa enye inxalenye ibonakala imanzi kwaye inzima, ayikulungelanga. Ibhetshi kufuneka iqhubeke ijika ide ipeyinte igqume kakuhle kwaye yonke ibhetshi iziphatha njengesixhobo esinye. Leyo yindlela engcono yokuphucula ukuhambelana kokuxuba i-drum mixer kunye nokunciphisa umahluko phakathi kwebhetshi.
Ngaphambi kokuba ibhetshi isetyenziswe, thatha umzuzwana ujonge ukuba ixutywe kakuhle na. Eli nyathelo lilula, kodwa liza kusindisa iingxaki ezininzi kamva. Ibhetshi elungileyo kufuneka ibonakale ixinene, igudile kwaye ilingana. Akufanele ibe nemicu yesamente eyomileyo, amatye ahlukeneyo okanye amanzi ahleli phezu komphezulu. Xa iphathwa ngefosholo, umxube kufuneka ugcine imo yawo okomzuzwana ngaphambi kokuba uhlale kancinci. Loo nto ibonisa ukuba umxube wekhonkrithi uqinile. Ukuba igalela njenge-slurry, imanzi kakhulu. Ukuba iyaqhekeka kwaye ayivumi ukubopha, yomile kakhulu.
Le yindlela elula yokuphendula umbuzo, imiqondiso yesamente ixutywe ngokuchanekileyo . Kumsebenzi wemihla ngemihla, umxube kufuneka uzive ulungelelene. Kufuneka uhambe, kodwa ungahambi. Kufuneka ubambene, kodwa ungaziva urhabaxa. Wakuba uwubonile loo mlinganiso amaxesha ambalwa, ukugweba iqela kuba lula kakhulu. Yiyo loo nto abaqhubi abanamava behlala begxila kancinci kwithiyori kodwa ngakumbi kwinkqubo ephindaphindwayo. Xa umlinganiselo, amanzi, ukulandelelana komthwalo kunye nexesha lokuxuba zonke zilawulwa, isiphumo siba yinto eqikelelekayo. Leyo yintsingiselo yokwenyani yeendlela ezifanelekileyo zokuxuba isamente .
Okwangoku, iingozi eziphambili azisekho zifihliweyo. Uninzi lweebhetshi ezibuthathaka zivela kwinani elincinci leempazamo eziqhelekileyo. Enye itshintsha umlinganiselo phakathi komsebenzi. Enye ikongeza amanzi ongezelelweyo kuba nje ibhetshi ibonakala iqinile kwi-wheelbarrow. Eyesithathu igcwalisa umxube kwaye ilindele ukuba idrama ilungise iibhetshi ezingalunganga. Kukwakho nomba wexesha elibi. Ukuba ibhetshi ishiywe ixesha elide ngaphambi kokubeka, umsebenzi uba nzima kwaye ukugqitywa kwawo kuba nzima. Ezi ngxaki zihlala zibonakala zincinci ngelixa kuxutywa, kodwa zibonakala ngokucacileyo emva kokuba ikhonkrithi iqinile.
Ngenxa yeso sizathu, eyona ndlela ilungileyo kukugcina inkqubo ilula kwaye iphindaphindwa ukususela ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni. Linganisa ngendlela efanayo ngalo lonke ixesha. Yongeza amanzi ngendlela elawulwayo. Gcina ubungakanani bebhetshi ngaphakathi komthamo wokwenyani womxube. Jonga ukuhambelana, kungekuphela nje isantya somsebenzi. Xa abasebenzisi bebuza indlela yokuxuba ikhonkrithi ukuze bafumane iziphumo ezilungileyo , impendulo ayiloqhinga linye eliyimfihlo. Luluhlu lwezigqibo ezincinci ezichanekileyo. Ukuba ezo zigqibo zihlala zihambelana, ikhonkrithi ihlala isebenza njengoko kulindelekile. Ikhonkrithi eqinileyo ayifane ibe yingozi. Kwiimeko ezininzi, sisiphumo sokuxuba ngononophelo.
