Kampani yogulitsa zida zomangira yomwe yakhala ikupereka mayankho a makina omangira kwa zaka 30.
Chilankhulo
Kampani yogulitsa zida zomangira yomwe yakhala ikupereka mayankho a makina omangira kwa zaka 30.
Kupeza konkire wabwino sikuti kungogula simenti yoyenera. Pantchito yeniyeni, zotsatira zake zimatengera momwe gulu la zinthu limasakanizidwira. Chiŵerengero chochepa cha konkire , madzi ambiri, kapena kusakaniza molakwika zonse zimatha kuchepetsa mphamvu ndikuyambitsa mavuto pamwamba pake. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri amafufuza momwe angasakanizire konkire bwino asanayambe slab, maziko, mpanda kapena maziko. Cholinga chake ndi chosavuta. Mukufuna kusakaniza konkire kolimba, kofanana, kogwira ntchito komanso kosavuta kuyika. Kuti mukwaniritse zotsatira zimenezo, mufunika zipangizo zoyenera, kuchuluka koyenera, ndi njira yosakaniza yomwe imakhala yofanana kuyambira gulu loyamba mpaka lomaliza. Kaya mukusakaniza konkire ndi dzanja kapena pogwiritsa ntchito chosakanizira cha ng'oma chonyamulika, lamulo lomweli limagwiranso ntchito: ngati gulu silikulamulidwa, khalidwe lake silidzalamulidwanso.
Gawo loyamba ndikusankha chiŵerengero choyenera cha konkriti yosakaniza ntchitoyo. Mavuto ambiri amayamba chifukwa ogwiritsa ntchito amayamba kusakaniza popanda kusankha mphamvu yomwe konkriti ikufunikadi. Pa ntchito yonse, chitsogozo chofala ndi chiŵerengero cha 1:2:3, chomwe chimatanthauza gawo limodzi la simenti, magawo awiri a mchenga ndi magawo atatu ophatikizidwa. Izi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza kuchuluka kwa konkriti yosakaniza chifukwa ndi yosavuta kukumbukira komanso yosavuta kuyiyika pamalopo. Komabe, si ntchito iliyonse yomwe imafuna kusakaniza kofanana. Chiŵerengero cha kusakaniza konkriti pa maziko sichingakhale chofanana ndi kusakaniza bwino kwa msewu kapena slab. Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito ballast, chiwerengerocho chimasinthanso. M'mawu enieni, kusakaniza kwabwino si kusakaniza kwamphamvu kwambiri nthawi zonse. Ndi kusakaniza komwe kumapereka mphamvu zokwanira, kugwira ntchito bwino komanso malo okhazikika pantchito yomwe ili patsogolo panu.
Mukasankha chiŵerengero, sungani njira yoyezera yosavuta komanso yobwerezabwereza. Musamaphatikize fosholo ndi fosholo ngati mukufuna zotsatira zokhazikika. Fosholo ya mchenga nthawi zambiri siili yofanana ndi fosholo ya mwala, ndipo zimenezo zimapangitsa kuti chisakanizocho chiziyenda kuchokera ku gulu lina kupita ku lina. Ndi bwino kwambiri kuphatikize ndi chidebe. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka ngati mukufuna kukwaniritsa chiŵerengero chogwirizana cha konkire ndi voliyumu . Pa malo ang'onoang'ono, chizolowezi chimodzichi nthawi zambiri chimapanga kusiyana kwakukulu kuposa kusintha zinthu. Ngati chiŵerengerocho chikhalabe chomwecho, zimakhala zosavuta kuwongolera chisakanizocho, kuyerekeza magulu, ndikuwona mavuto msanga.
Pambuyo poyesa zinthu zouma, mfundo yotsatira ndi madzi. Ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri amayang'ana kwambiri simenti ndi aggregate, koma mfundo yeniyeni yowongolera ndi yakuti chiŵerengero cha simenti ya madzi chimadalira konkire . Ngati madzi ochepa kwambiri agwiritsidwa ntchito, chisakanizocho chingakhale chovuta kutembenuza komanso chovuta kuyika. Ngati madzi ambiri agwiritsidwa ntchito, chisakanizocho chimakhala chomasuka komanso chosavuta kutsanulira, koma konkire yomalizidwayo imakhala yofooka. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mafunso monga kuchuluka kwa madzi osakaniza konkire ndi chiŵerengero chabwino cha madzi osakaniza konkire ndi ofala kwambiri. Anthu nthawi zambiri amayesetsa kuthetsa vuto lomweli: akufuna gulu lomwe limagwira ntchito popanda kutaya mphamvu.
Njira yotetezeka kwambiri ndiyo kuwonjezera madzi pang'onopang'ono. Musathire madzi onse nthawi imodzi. Yambani ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe mwakonzekera, kenako sakanizani batch ndikuyang'ana musanawonjezere ena. Izi zimakupatsani ulamuliro wabwino wa kusakanikirana kwa konkriti . Batch yoyenera iyenera kugwirana pamodzi, kuphimba bwino aggregate, ndikukhala pulasitiki popanda kuwoneka ngati supu. Ngati kusakaniza kunyowa kwambiri, vuto ndi lalikulu kuposa mawonekedwe osawoneka bwino. Ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri amafunsa, chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati muwonjezera madzi ambiri ku konkriti ? Yankho ndi losavuta. Konkriti ikhoza kuchepa kwambiri, kusweka mosavuta, ndikutaya mphamvu yokakamiza. Chifukwa chake mukafuna kugwira ntchito bwino, choyamba onani chiŵerengero, njira yolumikizira ndi nthawi yosakaniza. Madzi ayenera kukhala kusintha komaliza, osati njira yoyamba yochepetsera.
Chiŵerengero ndi madzi zikayamba kulamulidwa, chisankho chotsatira ndi momwe mungasakanizire. Pa ntchito yaying'ono kwambiri, kusakaniza konkire ndi manja kumakhala kothandizabe. Kumagwirira ntchito kukonza zinthu zazing'ono, kukonza pang'ono, ndi ntchito zomwe anthu ambiri sangakwanitse. Kusakaniza ndi manja kumathandizanso ogwiritsa ntchito kudziwa momwe gulu labwino limaonekera komanso momwe limamvekera. Komabe, kusakaniza ndi manja kuli ndi malire. Zimafunika khama lalikulu, zimakhala zovuta kusunga gulu lililonse mofanana, ndipo zimakhala zosagwira ntchito bwino kuchuluka kwa zinthu kukakwera. Ngati mukufuna katundu wambiri nthawi imodzi, njira yabwino nthawi zambiri ndi kusakaniza konkire mu chosakanizira konkire .
Chosakaniza chonyamulika chimathandiza kuti zinthu zigwirizane bwino chifukwa ng'oma imazungulira zinthu mofanana kuposa momwe zida zamanja zingachitire. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pamene ntchitoyo ikufunika magulu obwerezabwereza, monga maziko a shed, njira kapena mzere wopondapo. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino konkire yonyamulika sikovuta, koma kumafuna kusamala. Chosakaniza chiyenera kuyima pamalo olimba komanso osalala. Ng'oma siyenera kukhala yodzaza kwambiri. Zipangizozo ziyenera kuyendetsedwa motsatira dongosolo lolamulidwa, ndipo gululo liyenera kuyang'aniridwa lisanatulutsidwe. Apa ndi pomwe chitsogozo chothandiza cha mphamvu yosakaniza konkire chimakhala chothandiza. Ngati ng'oma yadzaza kwambiri, zinthuzo sizingagwe bwino, ndipo kusakaniza kumakhala kosagwirizana. Zikatero, makinawo akugwira ntchito, koma khalidwe la gululo likutsika kale.
Pa njira yosakaniza ng'oma ya konkriti , sungani kuti ndondomekoyi ikhale yosavuta kubwereza. Yambani ndi gawo la madzi, kenako onjezerani zina mwa zosakaniza ndi mchenga, kutsatiridwa ndi simenti, kenako zinthu zouma zotsala. Pambuyo pake, onjezerani madzi otsala pang'onopang'ono mpaka zosakanizazo zitafika pamlingo woyenera. Zogulitsa zosiyanasiyana zingasonyeze maoda osiyana pang'ono, kotero malangizo a thumba ndi buku la zosakaniza ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa nthawi zonse. Ngakhale zili choncho, mfundo yofunika kwambiri imakhalabe yomweyo. Musamayike chilichonse mu ng'oma ndikuyembekeza kuti idzadzikonza yokha. Dongosolo loyika zinthu motsatizana limapereka kusakaniza bwino ndipo limathandiza kupewa matumba ouma.
Mfundo yomweyi imagwiranso ntchito pa nthawi yosakaniza. Ogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri amafunsa kuti konkire iyenera kusakanikirana nthawi yayitali bwanji kapena kuti konkire iyenera kusakanikirana nthawi yayitali bwanji mu chosakanizira . Mwachizolowezi, yankho limadalira kukula kwa gulu ndi mtundu wa chosakanizira, koma cholinga nthawi zonse chimakhala chofanana. Chosakanizacho chiyenera kukhala chofanana mu mtundu, ngakhale chinyezi, komanso kapangidwe kake. Ngati gawo la gululo likuwoneka lotuwa komanso louma pomwe gawo lina likuwoneka lonyowa komanso lolemera, silinakonzedwe. Ng'oma iyenera kupitirira kuzunguliza mpaka phala litaphimba bwino gulu lonselo ndipo gulu lonselo likuchita ngati chinthu chimodzi. Imeneyi ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yowonjezerera kusakanikirana kwa chosakanizira cha ng'oma ndikuchepetsa kusiyana pakati pa magulu.
Musanagwiritse ntchito gulu, tengani kamphindi kuti muwone ngati lasakanizidwa bwino. Gawo ili ndi losavuta, koma limapulumutsa mavuto ambiri pambuyo pake. Gulu labwino liyenera kuoneka lolimba, losalala komanso lofanana. Siliyenera kukhala ndi mizere youma ya simenti, miyala yolekanitsidwa kapena madzi omwe ali pamwamba. Mukagwiritsa ntchito fosholo, chosakanizacho chiyenera kusunga mawonekedwe ake kwa kanthawi chisanakhazikike pang'onopang'ono. Ichi ndi chizindikiro chothandiza cha kukhazikika koyenera kwa konkriti . Ngati ikuthira ngati matope, imakhala yonyowa kwambiri. Ngati ing'ambika ndikukana kumangirira, imakhala youma kwambiri.
Iyi ndi njira yosavuta yoyankhira funsoli, zizindikiro za simenti zimasakanizidwa bwino . Pantchito ya tsiku ndi tsiku, kusakaniza kuyenera kukhala kolinganizidwa. Kuyenera kusuntha, koma osati kuyenda. Kuyenera kugwirizana, koma osati kuwoneka koopsa. Mukawona kuti kuli kolinganizidwa kangapo, kuweruza gulu kumakhala kosavuta. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ogwiritsa ntchito odziwa zambiri nthawi zambiri samayang'ana kwambiri pa chiphunzitso koma kwambiri pa njira yobwerezabwereza. Pamene chiŵerengero, madzi, dongosolo lokweza katundu ndi nthawi yosakaniza zonse zikulamulidwa, zotsatira zake zimakhala zodziwikiratu. Ndicho tanthauzo lenileni la njira zoyenera zosakaniza simenti .
Pakadali pano, zoopsa zazikulu sizikubisikanso. Magulu ambiri ofooka amachokera ku zolakwika zochepa zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri. Chimodzi chikusintha chiŵerengero pakati pa ntchito. China chikuwonjezera madzi owonjezera chifukwa chakuti gululo likuwoneka lolimba mu wheelbarrow. Gawo lachitatu likudzaza chosakaniza ndikuyembekezera kuti ng'oma ikonze magudumu oipa. Palinso vuto la nthawi yolakwika. Ngati gululo lasiyidwa nthawi yayitali musanayike, ntchitoyo imakhala yovuta ndipo mapeto ake amakhala osadalirika. Mavutowa nthawi zambiri amawoneka ang'onoang'ono posakaniza, koma amaonekera bwino konkire ikauma.
Pachifukwa ichi, njira yabwino kwambiri ndiyo kusunga njira yosavuta komanso yobwerezabwereza kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka kumapeto. Yesani mofanana nthawi zonse. Onjezani madzi m'njira yowongoka. Sungani kukula kwa batch mkati mwa mphamvu yeniyeni yosakaniza. Yang'anirani kusinthasintha, osati liwiro la ntchitoyo. Ogwiritsa ntchito akafunsa momwe angasakanizire konkire kuti apeze zotsatira zabwino , yankho si chinsinsi chimodzi. Ndi zisankho zazing'ono zolondola. Ngati zisankhozo zipitirirabe, konkire nthawi zambiri imagwira ntchito monga momwe amayembekezera. Konkire yolimba nthawi zambiri si ngozi. Nthawi zambiri, imachitika chifukwa chosakaniza mosamala.
