Yingakho onjiniyela abaningi bethanda izinhlelo zokufudumeza phansi ngaphansi kwekhonkrithi. Iphansi liba yi-emitter enkulu yokushisa ephansi. Akudingeki lizizwe lishisa kakhulu ukuze igumbi libe likhululekile. Ukushisa kuphakama kancane kusuka phansi, okuyilapho abantu bavame ukuzizwa bebanda khona kuqala. Phela, akekho ongena ekamelweni akhale ngokuthi uphahla lwabo luzizwa lubanda. Izinyawo ezibandayo yizo ezibangela izinkinga zangempela.

Kodwa-ke, ukhonkolo ungamunca nokushisa ngendlela engafanele uma ukufakwa kuklanywe kabi. Uma kungekho ukufudumala okufanele ngaphansi kohlelo lokushisa, ingxenye yokushisa ingase yehle iye phansi iye phansi noma emhlabathini esikhundleni sokuya phezulu ekamelweni. Lokho kusho ukuthi uhlelo lokushisa lusebenza kanzima, phansi lufudumala kancane, futhi ikhasimende lingase liqale ukuzibuza ukuthi kungani ukufudumala kwalo okusha ngaphansi komhlaba kuziphatha njengofudu olulele.

Iphrojekthi yokufudumeza phansi kwekhonkrithi ilula kakhulu uma ihlelwa ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa okusha. Ekwakhiweni okusha, ungqimba lokufaka ukushisa, amapayipi okushisa, ubukhulu be-screed, kanye nophansi wokugcina konke kungaklanywa ndawonye. Umfaki unokulawula okungcono kwesikhala samapayipi, izindawo zokushisa, izinga lephansi, kanye nokukhipha ukushisa.

Izitezi zekhonkrithi ezikhona ziyinselele kakhulu, kodwa zisafaneleka kakhulu uma zihlolwa kahle. Ngaphambi kokufakwa, umakhi kufanele ahlole ukuthi ikhonkrithi yomile, ilinganisiwe, iqinile, futhi ayinazo izimfa ezinkulu. Uma phansi kumanzi, kunothuli, kubuthakathaka, noma kungalingani, lezo zinkinga kufanele zilungiswe kuqala. Ukushisa ngaphansi kwephansi kuyisimiso sokunethezeka, hhayi udokotela wemilingo wephansi lekhonkrithi eligulayo.

Ezitezi ezikhona kakade, inkinga enkulu ivame ukuba ukuphakama kwephansi. Ukwengeza izendlalelo zokushisa ngaphezu kwekhonkrithi kungathinta iminyango, amabhodi okugwedla, amakhabethe ekhishi, izitebhisi, kanye nokushintsha kwegumbi. Yingakho izindlela zokulungisa kabusha zibaluleke kangaka. Emisebenzini eminingi yokuvuselela, ukusika imisele phansi ekhona kungaba usizo kakhulu kunokwakha ungqimba olusha olujiyile phezulu.

Ukushisa phansi kukagesi phansi kukhonkolo kuvame ukusetshenziswa ezindlini zangasese, emakhishini, emakamelweni okulala, emahhovisi amancane, kanye nasemisebenzini yokuvuselela. Ngokuvamile kusebenzisa omatilasi bokushisa noma izintambo zokushisa ezikhululekile ezifakwe phezu kobuso bekhonkolo obulungisiwe. Ngemva kwalokho, uhlelo lumbozwa nge-adhesive yethayela, i-compound yokuzilinganisa, noma olunye ungqimba olufanele ngaphambi kokufakwa kwesembozo sokugcina phansi.

Inzuzo eyinhloko yokushisa phansi kagesi ukulula. Akudingi amapayipi amanzi, i-manifold, iphampu, noma uxhumano lwebhoyila. Ekamelweni elincane, lokhu kungenza ukufakwa kusheshe futhi kuhlanzeke. Ukusebenzisa uhlelo olumanzi olugcwele endlini yokugezela encane kungase kuzwakale njengokusebenzisa i-crane ukuphakamisa isangweji. Kuyasebenza, kodwa kungase kungabi ukukhetha okuhlakaniphile kakhulu.

Izinhlelo zikagesi nazo zisabela ngokushesha uma zifakwe eduze kokuphela kwephansi. Lokhu kuwusizo emakamelweni angafudunyezwa usuku lonke. Isibonelo, indlu yokugezela ingadinga kuphela izitezi ezifudumele ekuseni nakusihlwa. Uhlelo lukagesi oluphendula ngokushesha lungaba usizo kulolu hlobo lwesikhala.

Kodwa-ke, izinhlelo zikagesi azizona njalo inketho engcono kakhulu yezindawo ezinkulu. Izindleko zokusebenza zincike emananini kagesi endawo, isidingo sokushisa, ukufudumala kwegumbi, kanye nesikhathi sokusetshenziswa. Emakamelweni amakhulu, ezindlini ezivulekile, noma phansi kwezentengiselwano, uhlelo olumanzi lungase lube lungcono kakhulu esikhathini eside.

Ukushisa okumanzi phansi kukhonkolo kusebenzisa amapayipi amanzi afudumele ukusabalalisa ukushisa phansi. Amapayipi axhunywe ku-manifold, elawula ukugeleza kwamanzi ezindizeni ezahlukene zokushisa. Lolu hlobo lwesistimu luvame emakhaya amasha, ezandisweni, emakamelweni amakhulu, ezindaweni zokusebenzela, ezindaweni zokubonisa kanye nasezakhiweni zezentengiselwano.

Inzuzo enkulu yokushisa phansi okumanzi ukusebenza kahle kwesikhathi eside ezindaweni ezinkulu. Ngenxa yokuthi uhlelo lufudumeza yonke indawo ephansi, luvame ukusebenza emazingeni okushisa aphansi kunama-radiator avamile. Lokhu kuyenza ifaneleke kuma-boilers esimanje namaphampu okushisa.

Esitezi esisha sekhonkrithi, amapayipi angafakwa ngaphambi kokuba kuthelwe i-screed noma i-concrete. Esitezi sekhonkrithi esikhona, amapayipi angafakwa kusetshenziswa amaphaneli ambozwe nge-overlay aphansi noma ngokusika imisele kukhonkrithi noma i-screed ekhona. Uma ukuphakama kwephansi kulinganiselwe, indlela yokugaya ingaba yisisombululo esiwusizo kakhulu.

Uhlelo olumanzi ludinga ukwakheka okucophelelayo. Umfaki kumele acabangele ububanzi bepayipi, isikhala sepayipi, izinga lokushisa lamanzi, izinga lokugeleza kwamanzi, ukufudumala, indawo eningi, kanye nokuhlolwa kwengcindezi. Uma ukwakheka kwepayipi kungahlelwanga kahle, uhlangothi olulodwa lwegumbi lungase luzizwe lufudumele kanti olunye uhlangothi lusazizwa sengathi lulinde intwasahlobo.

Ngephansi likakhonkolo elikhona, indlela engcono kakhulu yokulungisa incike esimweni sephansi, ukuphakama okutholakalayo, isabelomali sephrojekthi, kanye nesidingo sokushisa. Uma ukuphakama kwephansi kungeyona inkinga, uhlelo lokumboza oluphansi lungaba lula futhi lusebenze kahle. Uma igumbi lincane, ukushisa ngogesi kungaba yisisombululo esilula kakhulu. Kodwa uma iphrojekthi idinga ukushisa okumanzi ngaphansi kwephansi ngokuphakama okuncane, ukugaya phansi noma ukugoqa ngokuvamile kuyindlela engcono kakhulu.

Umshini wokugaya ofudumeza phansi usika imisele enembile kukhonkrithi noma i-screed. Amapayipi okushisa abe esefakwa ngaphakathi kwemisele, ukuze uhlelo lungadingi ukwakheka okujiyile ngaphezu kwephansi elikhona. Le ndlela iwusizo kakhulu kumaphrojekthi okuvuselela lapho iminyango, imiphetho, amakhabethe, kanye nezitebhisi kungenakulungiseka kalula.

Kwabakhi abangochwepheshe, umshini ofana no Umshini wokugoqa ongaphansi komhlaba we-GESP400V oziqhubayo kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kokusika kanye nokuvumelana kwemisele. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokusika ngesandla, umshini wokugoqa ozinikele wenza kube lula ukulawula ukwakheka kwepayipi futhi inqubo yokufaka iphindaphindeke kakhudlwana.

Ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezincane noma zohlobo lwe-push, Umshini wokugaya wokushisa phansi we-GE230V/GE400V futhi kuyisithenjwa sangaphakathi esiwusizo ngoba senzelwe ukulungiselela imisele yokushisa phansi. Lezi zinhlobo zemishini aziwona nje amathuluzi okusika. Zisiza ukuguqula umsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi wokulungisa ube inqubo yokufaka elawulwayo.

Usetshenziselwani umshini wokugaya? Emaphrojekthini okushisa angaphansi komhlaba, umshini wokugaya usetshenziselwa ukusika imisele noma izikhala phansi noma esikreyini esikhona. Le misele idala isikhala samapayipi okushisa, okuvumela amapayipi ukuthi ahlale ngaphakathi phansi esikhundleni sokubekwa ngaphezu kwawo.

Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba amaphrojekthi amaningi okuvuselela awakwazi ukwamukela ukuphakama kwesitezi okwengeziwe. Uma isitezi siphakanyisiwe kakhulu, iminyango ingadinga ukunqunywa, ifenisha ingase ingasalingani kahle, futhi ukushintshana phakathi kwamakamelo kungaba nzima. Isitezi esifudumele siyamangalisa, kodwa umnyango ongakwazi ukuvala awulona ibhizinisi elihle.

Uchwepheshe umshini wokugaya phansi osebenza ngogesi oziqhubayo wezimboni kungasiza osonkontileka ukusika iziteshi ezihambisanayo ngokujula okulawulwayo kanye nesikhala. Lokhu kubalulekile ekuzinzeni kwamapayipi, ukusatshalaliswa kokushisa, kanye nekhwalithi yokugcina yephansi.

Konjiniyela, ukubaluleka kokugaya akusikho nje isivinini kuphela. Kuwukunemba. Ikhwalithi enhle yomsele isiza ipayipi ukuthi lihlale kahle, inciphisa ukwakheka kwephansi okungadingekile, futhi yenza kube lula ukuhlola yonke indlela yokushisa ngaphambi kokuyimboza.

Yebo, ukufakelwa kokushisa kunconywa kakhulu ekufudumaleni okungaphansi komhlaba kumaphrojekthi ekhonkrithi. Ngaphandle kokufakelwa kokushisa, ukushisa kungaya phansi ku-slab noma ku-ground concrete esikhundleni sokuya phezulu ekamelweni. Uhlelo lungase lusebenze, kodwa kuzothatha isikhathi eside ukufudumala futhi lungasebenzisa amandla amaningi.

Ukufakwa kokushisa kufana nokulawula ithrafikhi yokushisa. Kutshela ukushisa ukuthi kufanele kuye kuphi. Ngaphandle kwakho, ukushisa kuzokwenza uhlelo lwakho lokuhamba, futhi ngeshwa, lolo hlelo lungafaka phakathi ukufudumala komhlabathi ngaphansi kwesakhiwo. Lolo akulona uhlobo lokunethezeka amakhasimende amaningi afuna ukulikhokhela.

Ezitezi eziphansi kanye nezakhiwo ezindala, ukufakelwa kwe-insulation kuba okubaluleke nakakhulu. Izitezi eziningi ezindala zekhonkrithi azizange zenzelwe izinhlelo zokushisa ezikhazimulayo zesimanje. Uma ukufakelwa kwe-insulation okuphelele kunzima kuphrojekthi yokuvuselela, umfaki kufanele asacabangele amabhodi okufakelwa kwe-insulation aphansi noma ezinye izendlalelo zokushisa ezinciphisa ukulahleka kokushisa ngaphandle kokudala ukuphakama okukhulu kakhulu kwephansi.

Ngaphambi kokufaka noma yiluphi uhlelo lokushisa olungaphansi komhlaba, indawo ekhonkrithi kumele ilungiswe kahle. Iphansi kufanele lihlanzeke, lome, liqine, futhi lilingane. Uthuli oluxegayo, uwoyela, i-screw ebuthakathaka, upende, kanye nezinsalela ezindala zokunamathela kufanele zisuswe. Uma indawo iqinile noma ingalingani, uhlelo lokushisa lungase lungahlali kahle, futhi ukuqeda phansi kokugcina kungase kuphazamiseke.

Kweminye imisebenzi, ukugaya phansi kuyadingeka ngaphambi kokufakwa kokushisa. Lokhu kusiza ukususa ukungcola komhlabathi nokuthuthukisa ukuthamba kwephansi. Abakhi bangabhekisela ku- umshini wokugaya phansi isigaba lapho iphrojekthi idinga ukulungiswa kwendawo ngaphambi kokugoqa, ukulevelisha, noma ukuqeda phansi.

Kumaphrojekthi amancane okuvuselela, umshini ofana nomshini Umshini wokugaya phansi wekhonkrithi ongu-6T-540 kungaba usizo lapho phansi idinga ukuhlanzwa, ukulevelishwa, noma ukulungiswa kwendawo ngaphambi kokufakwa kohlelo lokushisa olungaphansi komhlaba.

Ukusika noma ukugaya ukhonkolo kungakhiqiza uthuli oluningi. Emaphrojekthini okuvuselela angaphakathi, ukulawula uthuli akuyona into encane. Kuthinta induduzo yabasebenzi, ukuhlanzeka kwendawo yomsebenzi, ukwaneliseka kwamakhasimende, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nesheduli. Iphethini ephelele yemisele ayimangalisi kangako uma igumbi lonke libukeka sengathi ifektri kafulawa iqhumile.

Yingakho uhlelo lokukhipha uthuli lochwepheshe kufanele lucatshangelwe lapho kugxunyekwa phansi kwekhonkrithi. Ukusebenzisa umshini wokuhlanza i-vacuum wezimboni kanye nomshini wokugaya ofudumeza phansi kungasiza ekugcineni indawo yokusebenza ihlanzekile futhi kunciphise uthuli oluphuma emoyeni ngesikhathi sokusika.

Ngemishini ehlobene, osonkontileka bangahlola Uhlelo lokususa uthuli lwezimboni lwe-ACE 65kg , efaneleka njengomkhiqizo osekelayo wokuvuselela phansi okunzima kakhulu kanye nomsebenzi wokulungisa izitezi.

Yiluphi uphahla olungafanele ukufudumeza phansi? Ngokuvamile, izembozo zaphansi ezivimba ukushisa, ezihamba kakhulu ngokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, noma ezingakwazi ukubekezelela ukufudumala okuzinzile azifaneleki. Ikhaphethi elijiyile kakhulu, i-underlay esindayo, ezinye izitezi zokhuni oluqinile, kanye nemikhiqizo ye-vinyl noma ye-laminate esezingeni eliphansi kungabangela izinkinga uma zingavunyelwe ukufudumeza phansi.

Lokhu akusho ukuthi lezi zinto azisoze zasetshenziswa. Kusho ukuthi isiqondiso somkhiqizi wephansi kumele sihlolwe ngokucophelela. Umfaki kufanele aqinisekise izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu, ukumelana nokushisa, ukuhambisana kwe-glue, kanye nokuziphatha kokunwebeka.

Ukuqeda phansi okuqinile kuvame ukusebenza kangcono ngokushisa phansi. Ithayela le-ceramic, ithayela le-porcelain, itshe lemvelo, ukhonkolo ocwebezelisiwe, kanye neminye imikhiqizo yokhuni eyenziwe ngobunjiniyela kungadlulisa ukushisa kahle. Uma phansi kokugcina kusebenza njengejazi lasebusika elijiyile, ukushisa kuzoba nzima ukukudlula. Uhlelo lokushisa lungase lusebenze kahle, kodwa igumbi lingase lisazizwa libanda.

Ungakwazi yini ukusebenzisa i-travertine ngokushisa phansi? Yebo, i-travertine ingasetshenziswa ngokushisa phansi phansi ngoba iyinto yemvelo yamatshe ehambisa futhi igcine ukushisa kahle. Lokhu kuyenza ifanelekele phansi efudumele nekhululekile ezindlini zangasese, emakhishini, emakamelweni okuphumula, nakwezinye izindawo lapho kukhethwa khona phansi ngamatshe.

Kodwa-ke, i-travertine kumele ifakwe kahle. Isisekelo sekhonkrithi kufanele somile, sibe sezingeni elifanele, futhi sizinzile. I-glue kumele ifanelekele phansi okufudumezayo, futhi amalunga okunyakaza kufanele ahlelwe lapho kudingeka khona. Itshe lemvelo libukeka liqinile, kodwa alikuthandi ukufakwa okubi. Lihle, alinakunqotshwa.

Ngemva kokufakwa, uhlelo lokushisa kufanele luqaliswe kancane kancane. Izinga lokushisa kufanele lenyuswe kancane, lingaguqulwa libe namandla aphelele ngokushesha. Ukushisa okungazelelwe kungadala ukucindezeleka ekubunjweni kwephansi, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokuba ingcina noma inhlanganisela yokulengisa iphole ngokuphelele.

Ama-manifold okushisa angaphansi komhlaba ahlala isikhathi esingakanani? I-manifold esezingeni elihle ingahlala iminyaka eminingi, kodwa impilo yayo yangempela yesevisi incike kwikhwalithi yokufaka, ikhwalithi yamanzi, izimo zokucindezela, ikhwalithi yezinto ezibonakalayo, kanye nokugcinwa kwayo. Kuhlelo lokushisa olumanzi olungaphansi komhlaba, i-manifold iyisikhungo sokulawula. Isabalalisa amanzi afudumele ezizindeni ezahlukene zokushisa futhi isiza ukulinganisela uhlelo.

Amapayipi angaphakathi phansi ngokuvamile aklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside. Nokho, i-manifold iqukethe izingxenye ezingase zidinge ukuhlolwa noma ukushintshwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lezi zifaka phakathi amamitha okugeleza, amavalvu, ama-actuator, izivalo, kanye nezindawo zokuxhuma.

Yingakho i-manifold kufanele ihlale ifinyeleleka kalula. Akufanele ifihlwe ngemuva kwezindonga ezihlala njalo noma ibekwe endaweni engenakufinyeleleka kuyo. Uma i-heating loop idinga ukulinganisela noma ukulungiswa kamuva, umfakisi uzodinga ukufinyelela i-manifold. I-manifold efihliwe ingase ibukeke icocekile ngosuku lokuqala, kodwa ingaba yikhanda elibuhlungu ngosuku lwenkulungwane.

Iphutha lokuqala elivamile ukungazinaki isimo sekhonkrithi. Uma phansi kunothuli, kuqhekekile, kumanzi, noma kungalingani, uhlelo lokushisa lungase lungasebenzi kahle. Ikhonkrithi kufanele ilungiswe futhi ilungiswe ngaphambi kokufakwa.

Iphutha lesibili ukukhetha uhlobo olungalungile lokushisa. Ukushisa phansi kukagesi phansi kukhonkolo kungaba kuhle kakhulu emakamelweni amancane, kodwa kungase kungabi lula ezindaweni ezinkulu. Ukushisa phansi kukhonkolo okumanzi kungasebenza kahle kumaphrojekthi amakhulu, kodwa kudinga ukuhlela okwengeziwe, umsebenzi wokufaka owengeziwe, kanye nokulawula okufanele okuhlukahlukene.

Iphutha lesithathu ukukhohlwa ngokufakwa kokushisa. Ikhonkrithi ingagcina ukushisa, kodwa futhi ingantshontsha ukushisa uma uhlelo lungaklanywanga kahle. I-slab ebandayo ngaphansi kohlelo lokushisa inganciphisa isikhathi sokushisa futhi yandise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.

Iphutha lesine akukucabangi ukuphakama kwephansi. Izinhlelo zokumboza zilula, kodwa zengeza ukuphakama. Ukugaya noma ukugoqa kungaba ngcono uma phansi okukhona kwekhonkrithi kumele kuhlale kuseduze nezinga lalo lokuqala.

Iphutha lesihlanu ukweqa ukuhlolwa. Izintambo zikagesi kufanele zihlolwe ngaphambi nangemva kokumbozwa. Izinhlelo ezimanzi kufanele zihlolwe ingcindezi ngaphambi kokufakwa kokuphela kwephansi lokugcina. Ukuhlolwa kungase kuzwakale kuyisicefe, kodwa ukulungisa phansi okuqediwe kuyadina kakhulu futhi kubiza kakhulu.

Indlela engcono kakhulu incike kuphrojekthi. Ekulungiseni indlu encane yokugezela noma ikhishi, ukufudumeza phansi ngogesi kungaba yisinqumo esiwusizo kakhulu. Kulula, kuyashesha, futhi kufanelekile phansi okunama-tile. Ekwakhiweni okusha noma endaweni enkulu evulekile, ukufudumeza phansi okumanzi kungaba ngcono ngoba kunganikeza ukufudumeza okusebenzayo kwegumbi lonke futhi kusebenze kahle nemithombo yokushisa yesimanje.

Ngephansi elikhona likakhonkolo lapho ukuphakama kwephansi kulinganiselwe, uhlelo lokushisa olumanzi olungaphansi komhlaba olunemiphetho noma olugayiwe lungaba yisisombululo esinamandla. Luvumela amapayipi ukuthi afakwe esakhiweni sephansi esikhona esikhundleni sokwengeza ungqimba olusha olujiyile ngaphezu kwalo.

Kwabafaki abangochwepheshe, ukusebenzisa umshini wokugaya ofanele wokushisa phansi kungathuthukisa ukunemba, kunciphise umsebenzi wezandla, futhi kwenze inqubo yokufaka iphindaphindeke kakhudlwana. Kumakhasimende, kungenza ukulungiswa kuhlanzeke, kusheshe, futhi kungaphazamisi kakhulu.

Ngakho-ke, ungakwazi yini ukufaka ukushisa ngaphansi kwephansi kukhonkolo? Yebo, impela. Ikhonkolo ingaba isisekelo esiqinile nesithembekile sokufudumeza ngaphansi kwephansi, inqobo nje uma uhlelo luklanywe kahle. Ingxenye ebalulekile ukukhetha indlela efanele yephrojekthi.

Ukushisa phansi ngogesi kulula futhi kuyasiza emakamelweni amancane. Ukushisa phansi okumanzi kusebenza kahle ezindaweni ezinkulu kanye nenduduzo yesikhathi eside. Ezitezi ezikhona zekhonkrithi, uhlelo lwe-groove olugayiwe lungaba yisisombululo esihlakaniphile sokulungisa ngoba lunciphisa ukuphakama kokuphakama phansi futhi luvumela amapayipi okushisa ukuthi afakwe kahle phansi.

Iphrojekthi ephumelelayo ayigcini nje ngokubeka amapayipi noma izintambo ngaphansi kwephansi. Imayelana nokuqonda uhlelo oluphelele lwephansi: isimo sekhonkrithi, ukufudumala, uhlobo lokushisa, ukwakheka kwamapayipi, ukufinyelela okuningi, izinto zokwakha phansi, ukulawula uthuli, kanye nenqubo yokuqalisa.

Uma yonke le mininingwane isebenza ndawonye, ​​ukufudumeza phansi kukhonkrithi kungaletha ukufudumala okuzinzile, induduzo engcono, kanye nomklamo wegumbi elihlanzekile. Ngamanye amazwi, phansi kwenza okungaphezu kokugcina ifenisha yakho. Buthule buphenduka ilungu leqembu elifudumele kakhulu esakhiweni.