Rongorongo
He kaiwhakarato taputapu hanga mō ngā mīhini hanga mō ngā tau 30.
Reo
He kaiwhakarato taputapu hanga mō ngā mīhini hanga mō ngā tau 30.
Ko te kaha o te whakakīkī pereti tētahi o ngā tau tuatahi ka tirohia e ngā kaihoko, engari ko tētahi anō hoki o ngā tau ngāwari ki te hē te mārama. He kaha te āhua o te whakatauranga kN teitei ake i runga i te pepa whakatakotoranga, engari ko te mahi tūturu i te papa mahi ehara i te mea ko te kaha anake te mea e whakawhirinaki ana. Ko te auau, te rahi o te pereti, te taumaha o te mīhini, te momo oneone, te matotoru o te paparanga me te makuku ka whakatau katoa i te pai o te mahi a te whakakīkī pereti.
Whakaarohia he rite ki te whiriwhiri i ngā pūtu mō te papa hanga. Ahakoa te āhua pakari o ngā pūtu nunui, ki te kore e tau ki te whenua, e kore e tawhiti te hikoi. Pērā anō te arorau mō te mīhini whakakī pereti. Ehara i te mea ko te mīhini tika te mea nui rawa atu i ngā wā katoa. Koia te mīhini e tuku ana i te kaha wiri tika ki roto i te rauemi tika i te hohonutanga tika.
Ko te kaha whakakīkī ko te pūngao wiri e tukuna ana e te mīhini whakakīkī pereti ki roto i te whenua mā roto i tōna pereti turanga. I roto i te nuinga o ngā whakatakotoranga hua, ka whakaaturia tēnei uara hei kaha porotītaha, ā, ka inehia i roto i ngā kilonewton, e tuhia ana ko kN. He iti ake te kaha hihiri e puta mai i te mīhini whakakīkī pereti 10kN i te mīhini whakakīkī pereti hurihuri 30kN, engari ehara i te mea he pai ake te mīhini 30kN mō ngā mahi katoa.
He rite te hiranga o te rauemi kei raro i te pereti ki te tau kei runga i te tapanga. He rerekē te urupare a te kirikiri wetewete, te onepu mākū, te uku, ngā poraka papa me te oneone whakauru ki te wiri. Ko ngā rauemi kirikiri he pai te noho i raro i te wiri nā te mea ka taea e ngā matūriki te neke ki tētahi tūranga piri. Ko te uku piri, ko te oneone tino mākū rānei, ka ātete pea i te wiri, ka pekepeke i raro i te pereti, ka meinga rānei te mīhini kia rite ki te mea kua whakatau ohorere kia noho hei kararehe pāmu pakeke.
Mā te kN koe e whakaatu te nui o te kaha hihiri ka taea e te pūnaha whakaoho te whakaputa. Mō ngā kaihoko, he tīmatanga whai hua tēnei ina whakatauritehia ngā whakatakotoranga o te pereti whakakī. Ko ngā pereti whakakī māmā whakamua e whakamahia ana mō ngā whakatikatika iti, ngā papaaho, te whakarite papa me ngā paparanga kirikiri angiangi. He pai ngā tauira mahi-waenga mō ngā turanga huarahi, ngā mahi whakapaipai whenua me te oneone kirikiri whānui. He pai ake ngā pereti whakakī taumaha hurihuri mō ngā paparanga turanga matotoru, te whakatikatika rori, te whakakī anō i te awaawa me te whakamahinga uaua ake a te kaiwhakatū.
Ko te mea nui ko te whakataurite i te whakatauranga kN o te pereti whakakī ki te mahi. Mena he angiangi te paparanga, he ngawari te mata, he tata rānei te mahi ki ngā taha me ngā taha, ka uaua ake te whakahaere i te mīhini i te nui rawa o te kaha. Hei tauira, i te wā e mahi ana i runga i ngā papa pereki, he pai ake te whakamahi i te whāriki rapa i te kaha tāpiri nā te mea ka āwhina i te tiaki i te mata. He pai te kN teitei ina hiahiatia te hohonu me te mātotoru, engari ehara i te hama makutu mō ngā mata katoa.
Ko te auau e whakaaturia ana ko te VPM, arā, ko ngā wiri ia meneti. E whakamārama ana i te tere o te wiri o te mīhini, ko te kN ia e whakamārama ana i te nui o te kaha e wātea ana. Ka mahi tahi ēnei uara e rua. Ka tino whai hua te mīhini whakakī pereti auau-teitei ki ngā paparanga angiangi o te onepu, te kirikiri pai, te whakarite papa rānei nā te mea ka āwhina te wiri tere i ngā matūriki kia tere te taunga.
Mō ngā paparanga hohonu ake, me whai wā me te papatipu te kaha kia haere mā roto i te rauemi. Koinei te wāhi e pai ake ai te mahi a ngā mīhini taumaha me te kaha porotītaha kaha ake. Tērā pea ka waiho e te mīhini whakakī pereti iti me te auau teitei te mata kia ātaahua, engari tērā pea ka noho wetekina tonu te paparanga o raro mena he matotoru rawa te hiki. Koia te take kaua rawa ngā kaihangarau me ngā kaiwhakahaere papa e whakatau i te mīhini mā te auau, mā te kN rānei anake. Kāore te whenua e aro ki tētahi tau whakamiharo; ka tauhohe ki te mīhini katoa.
Ka pā te rahi o te pereti ki te taupoki me te mana whakahaere. He whānui ake te horahanga o ia ara i te pereti whānui, ā, he pai tēnei mō ngā whenua tuwhera pērā i ngā turanga rori, ngā wāhi waka me ngā wāhi kirikiri nui ake. Ka taea te penapena wā nā te mea he iti ake ngā ara e hiahiatia ana e te kaiwhakahaere hei taupoki i te mata kotahi. Heoi, kāore i te watea te pereti whānui i ngā wā katoa i te taha o ngā pakitara, o ngā awaawa, o ngā kokonga, o ngā taha papa rānei.
He puhoi ake te pereti iti i ngā wāhi whānui, engari ka pai ake te whakahaere a te kaiwhakahaere i ngā wāhi whaiti me ngā mahi taipitopito. Ka rerekē anō hoki te rahi o te pereti i te horapa o te kaha ki roto i te rauemi. Ka taea e te reiti kN ōrite i runga i te pereti iti te ahua he kukū ake, ko te pereti whānui ia ka horapa te kaha ki runga i te mata nui ake. Koia te take me whakataurite tonu te rahi o te pereti whakakī pereti me te kaha whakakī. He whai hua te hua, engari mēnā ka taea tonu e te mīhini te tae ki ngā wāhi e tika ana kia mahia te mahi.
Mō ngā kōhatu whariki, ngā papaaho, ngā ara hikoi me ngā whakatikatika papa iti, he mea nui ake te whakahaere i te mana nui rawa atu. He māmā ake te ārahi i tētahi mīhini whariki pereti whakamua kiato, ā, he iti ake te tūponotanga ka whakakorikori i te mata kua oti. I te wā e wharikitia ana ki runga i ngā papa whariki, ka āwhina te whāriki rapa ki te whakaiti i te rakuraku, te pakaru me ngā tohu mata iti e kitea wawetia ana e ngā kiritaki i ngā miihini.
Mō ngā turanga kirikiri, te whakarite huarahi waka me ngā turanga whenua iti, he mea whai hua te whakamahi i tētahi mīhini whakakī pereti mahi-waenga me te kaha whakakī taurite me te rahi o te pereti. Me whakanoho tonu ngā rauemi ki ngā paparanga whaitake. Ko te whakakī i tētahi paparanga matotoru i te wā kotahi ka puta he tihi mārō me ngā rauemi wetewete i raro, he rite ki te peita i tētahi pakitara me te kore e whakatika i ngā kapiti i te tuatahi.
Mō ngā mahi turanga rori, whakakī anō i te awaawa, me ngā mahi whakakī taumaha, he pai ake te whakamahi i te mīhini whakakī pereti hurihuri. Mā te kaha nekeneke nui ake, te taumaha mīhini nui ake, me te nekehanga whakamua-whakamuri ka āwhina i te kaiwhakahaere ki te whakakī i ngā paparanga matotoru ake, me te mahi i ngā wāhi uaua ake. Koinei te wāhi e whai hua ai te whakataurite i ngā whakatakotoranga mīhini whakakī pereti 20kN me te 30kN, inā koa mō ngā kaiwhakakī, ngā kaihokohoko me ngā kamupene reti e hiahia ana ki ngā taputapu mō ngā āhuatanga rerekē o te papa mahi.
Ina whakatauritea ngā whakatakotoranga o te mīhini whakakī pereti, tīmata ki te rauemi, kaua ki te mīhini. Pātaihia he aha ngā mea e tika ana kia whakakīia: te kirikiri, te onepu, te uku, ngā papa whakakī, te oneone whakaranu, te whakakī rua rānei. Kātahi ka tirohia te matotoru o te paparanga, te wāhi mahi e wātea ana me te whakaotinga e hiahiatia ana. Whai muri i tēnā, whakatauritea te kN, te auau, te rahi o te pereti, te taumaha o te mīhini, te tere haere me ngā taputapu whai hua pēnei i te tāke wai, te whāriki rapa, te kakau whakapiko me te anga hiki.
He whakatau pai mō te hoko, he ngāwari te raupapa. Tuatahi, whiriwhiria te momo mīhini: he mīhini whakakī pereti whakamua mō ngā mahi māmā ki waenga, he mīhini whakakī pereti hurihuri rānei mō ngā paparanga taumaha me ngā mahi kirimana kikī. Tuarua, tirohia mēnā he pai te kaha whakakī mō te rauemi me te hohonu. Tuatoru, whakaūhia mēnā he pai te rahi o te pereti ki te papa. Mō ngā kamupene reti me ngā kaihokohoko, me whai whakaaro anō hoki ki te urunga tiaki, ngā wāhanga e manawapa ana, ngā kōwhiringa mīhini me te ngāwari o te kawe waka nā te mea he tere ake te whiwhi whakawhirinakitanga ki te mīhini e ngāwari ana te tiaki i te mīhini e āhua pakari ana i runga i te pepa.
Kāo. He āwhina te kN teitei ake mō ngā rauemi hōhonu ake, matotoru ake rānei, engari kāore i te pai ake mō ngā paparanga angiangi, ngā papa whakarewa, ngā whakatikatika uku rānei. Ko te hua tika e whakawhirinaki ana ki te kN, te auau, te rahi o te pereti, te taumaha o te mīhini, te momo rauemi me te mana whakahaere a te kaiwhakahaere.
Ko te kaha pūngao te kaha hihiri i hangaia e te whakaoho hurihuri i roto i te mīhini whakakī pereti. He maha ngā wā ka whakaarohia e ngā kaihoko koinei te uara kaha whakakī, engari ko te mahi tūturu hoki e whakawhirinaki ana ki te pehea e tukuna ai taua kaha mā te pereti ki roto i te rauemi.
He rerekē ngā mahi a te auau me te kN. E whakaatu ana te auau i te tere o te wiri o te mīhini, ko te kN ia e whakaatu ana i te nui o te kaha ka taea e ia te whakaputa. He maha ngā wā ka whai hua ngā paparanga angiangi i te auau teitei ake, ko ngā paparanga hohonu ake ia me nui ake te taumaha me te kaha ake o te whakawhiti kaha.
He pai ake te pereti nui ake mō te kapi tere i ngā wāhi tuwhera. He pai ake te pereti iti ake mō ngā taha, ngā wāhi whakatika, ngā papa me ngā wāhi whaiti. Ko te rahi o te pereti pai rawa atu e whakawhirinaki ana ki te tere, te whakahaere, te urunga rānei e hiahiatia ana mō te mahi.
Ko te hohonutanga o te whakakīkī ka whakawhirinaki ki te taumaha o te mīhini, te whakatauranga kN, te auau, te rahi o te pereti, te momo oneone, te makuku me te matotoru o te paparanga. He pai ngā whakakīkī pereti iti ki mua mō ngā mahi papaku ki waenga, ko ngā tauira taumaha ka taea te huri hei pai ake mō te whakakīkī hohonu ake.
